-2018最全全國卷英語語法填空

(2018-1)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise…it'sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉)，avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit'salways69(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.(2018-2)DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry61(grow)morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover62past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.Atasteformeatis63(actual)behindthechange:animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice64(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater65riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased66(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal67(globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment68(start)asoil-testingprogram69givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile70(feed)itscitizens"offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,"saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.(2018-3)I'mnotsure61ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.I'mwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly,I'mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat62topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe63(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid64(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeel65(challenge).MynameisMireyaMayor.I'ma66(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.Iwassearching67thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI'dbeenobserving.Noonehadseenthemforhours,andmycolleaguesandIwereworried.WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind68(they)alive.Truetoagorilla'sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal69(mean)menorealharm.Hewasjustsaying:"I'mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder!"Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme70(stay)andwatch.(2017-1)Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界)61amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired63(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt64(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesas訐ismissingsomething.As65result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even66(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood67(be)fulloffatandsalt;by68(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃點心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be69(care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70isnotgoodforthehealth.(2017-2)In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible__61(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand62=work.Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,_63_(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover_64_top.Whenallthosehadbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced.Steamengines___65__(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen___66__(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing___67__everyday.Later,engineers68___(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknowntothetube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe___69___(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.ThecentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost___70___(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhite-paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.(2017-3)Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtochallengeofhernewA-levelcourse.Butunlikeschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term61(rest).Instead,sheisearning$6500adayas_62modelinNewYork.Sarah_63(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain'snewsupermodelearningamilliondollarsinthenewyear.HerfatherPeter44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfulltimeButSarah,64hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodelswants65(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithh66(educate).Shehasturneddownseveral67_=(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudiesAfterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfulltimebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree_68engineeringorarchitecture.Sarahsays,"MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,sch(come)first.Idon'twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.Itis70(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.Idon'twanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan'tmodelmymore."(2016-1)Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop_61_(attract).Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch,I62(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe__63(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback__64.mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,_65_IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter66(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude67_(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.Onmyrecentvisit,Ihelpalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby_68_(it)mother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew_69(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,__70otheriswithmum-sheneversuspects.(2016-2)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識別)thoseof61(great)andlessimportance.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof62(achieve).Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow63__(be)oftenacceptable.Mostofusaremorefocused64ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.Sogetanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive65possiblebeforelunch.Thiswillgiveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeelingaccomplished.Recent66(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatwork訐wetakeshortbreaks67(regular).Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor68while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you'llbelesslikely69(bring)yourworkhome.Itcouldbeanything,gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis,70(make)sureit'sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.(2016-3)InmuchofAsia,especiallytheso-called“ricebowl”culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,41Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.Chopsticksareusuallytwolong,thinpiecesofwoodorbamboo.Theycanalsobemadeofplastic,animalboneormetal.Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight42(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal43_(create)specialdesigns.TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,44(use)twigs(樹枝)toremoveit.Overtime,45thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich46(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,47一二livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe48(develop)ofchopsticks.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand49.Jbe)tooviolentforuseatthetable.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat50theirhands.(2015-1)Yangshuo,ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI61(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn'tcare.Afewhours62,I'dbeenathomeinHongKong,with63(it)chokingsmog.Here,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain.I'dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver64arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese_65(painting).Instead,I'dheadedstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it'sonlyanhouraway66carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.Yangshuo_67一(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers_68一(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit_69一(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople.70(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.(2015-2)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven62mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir63__(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout64(use)electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat65(slow)duringcoolnights,thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough66(cool)thehouseduringthehotday;67thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle68(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.As69(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly70thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(2014-1)Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRiverCleveland,Ohio.It..61(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit62(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,earslater,thisriverisoneof.63...mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.Buttheriverwasn'tchangedinafewdays__64evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork..65(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris...66(clean)thanever.Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouleaveahabit..67...isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon'tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation,don'tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?Whilethereare68(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe___69(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe(patience).(2014-2)Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout__41___(be)lateforschool.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,___42someofthemlookedveryanxiousand___43__(disappoint).whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext44___thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.Aboyonabike45___(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused46___(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.Still,theboykept47___(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.Finally,whenwecametothenextstop,theboyranupthedoorofthebus.Iheardanexcitedconversation.Thenthedrivers