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DatabaseAuditingObjectivesAftercompletingthislesson,youshouldbeabletodothefollowing:ImplementbasicdatabaseauditingImplementauditingoftheprivilegeduserImplementDMLandDDLauditingMonitoringforSuspiciousActivityMonitoringorauditingshouldbeanintegralpartofyoursecurityprocedures.Thebuilt-inaudittoolsinOracleDatabase10ginclude:DatabaseauditingValue-basedauditingFine-grainedauditing(FGA)AuditToolComparisonsFixedsetofdata,includingtheSQLstatementSQLstatements(INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,andSELECT)basedoncontentFine-grainedauditing(FGA)AdministratordefinedDatachangedbyDMLstatementsValue-basedauditingFixedsetofdataPrivilegeuseincludingobjectaccessStandarddatabaseauditingWhatIsintheAuditTrail?WhatIsAudited?TypeofAuditStandardDatabaseAuditingIsenabledthroughtheAUDIT_TRAILparameterNONE:DisablescollectionofauditrecordsDB:EnablesauditingwithrecordsstoredinthedatabaseOS:EnablesauditingwithrecordsstoredintheOSaudittrailCanaudit:LogineventsExerciseofsystemprivilegesExerciseofobjectprivilegesUseofSQLstatementsSpecifyingAuditOptionsSQLstatementauditing:

System-privilegeauditing(nonfocusedandfocused):Object-privilegeauditing(nonfocusedandfocused):AUDITselectanytable,createanytrigger;

AUDITselectanytableBYhrBYSESSION;AUDITtable;AUDITALLonhr.employees;

AUDITUPDATE,DELETEonhr.employeesBYACCESS;SpecifyingAuditOptions

FullNotesPageAuditingSessionsAuditunsuccessfulattemptstoconnect:MonitorDBA_AUDIT_SESSION:CheckDBA_AUDIT_TRAIL.COMMENT_TEXT.AUDITCREATESESSIONBYACCESS WHENEVERNOTSUCCESSFUL;USERNAACTION_NAMERETURNCODELOGOFF

FREDLOGON1017FREDLOGOFF0082922:39FREDLOGOFFBYCLEANUP0082922:40FREDLOGON0DataDictionaryViewALL_DEF_AUDIT_OPTSDBA_STMT_AUDIT_OPTSDBA_PRIV_AUDIT_OPTSDBA_OBJ_AUDIT_OPTSDescriptionDefaultauditoptionsStatementauditingoptionsPrivilegeauditingoptionsSchemaobjectauditingoptionsViewingAuditingOptionsAudit

trailParameterfileSpecifyauditoptions.Generate

audittrail.Reviewauditinformation.StandardDatabaseAuditingDBAUserEnabledatabaseauditing.executescommand.DatabaseOSaudittrailAuditoptionsServer

processAuditTrailViewDBA_AUDIT_TRAILDBA_AUDIT_EXISTS

DBA_AUDIT_OBJECTDBA_AUDIT_SESSIONDBA_AUDIT_STATEMENT

DescriptionAllaudittrailentriesRecordsforAUDITEXISTS/NOTEXISTSRecordsconcerningschemaobjectsAllconnectanddisconnectentriesAuditingrecordsatthestatementlevelViewingAuditingResultsAuditingtheSYSDBAandSYSOPERUsersControlauditingofprivilegeduserswiththefollowingparameters:audit_sys_operationsenablesadditionalauditingoftheSYSDBAorSYSOPERactions.audit_file_destcontrolsthelocationoftheaudittrail.Thedefaultis:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/audit(UNIXorLinux)WindowsEventLog(Windows)

ViewingtheSYSDBAAuditTrailsValue-BasedAuditingTheuser’schangeismade.Triggerfires.Auditrecordiscreatedbytrigger.Itisinsertedintoanaudittrailtable.Ausermakeschange.Value-BasedAuditing

FullNotesPageTriggersandAutonomousTransactionsFurtherenhanceandprotecttheauditingby:CapturingDMLchangestoshadowtableReplicatingauditrecordstoanothertableCapturingattemptsto

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