環(huán)境工程外文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯水處理

-.z.氧化溝工藝在污水處理中的應(yīng)用和開(kāi)展摘要：本文主要闡敘了Carrousel氧化溝的構(gòu)造、工藝機(jī)理、運(yùn)行過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題和相應(yīng)的解決方法。最后，介紹了Carrousel氧化溝的最新的研究進(jìn)展并指出了未來(lái)的主要研究方向。關(guān)鍵詞：Carrousel氧化溝除磷脫氮構(gòu)造機(jī)理前言氧化溝又名連續(xù)環(huán)曝氣池，是活性污泥法的一種變形。氧化溝處理工藝在20世紀(jì)50年代由荷蘭衛(wèi)生工程研究所研制成功的。自從1954年在荷蘭的首次投入使用以來(lái)。由于其出水水質(zhì)好、運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定、管理方便等技術(shù)特點(diǎn)，已經(jīng)在國(guó)內(nèi)外廣泛的應(yīng)用于生活污水和工業(yè)污水的治理。目前應(yīng)用較為廣泛的氧化溝類型包括：帕斯維爾氧化溝、卡魯塞爾氧化溝，奧爾博氧化溝、T型氧化溝、DE型氧化溝和一體化氧化溝。這些氧化溝由于在構(gòu)造和運(yùn)行上存在差異，因此各具特點(diǎn)。本文將主要介紹Carrousel氧化溝的的構(gòu)造、機(jī)理、存在的問(wèn)題及其最新開(kāi)展。Carrousel氧化溝的構(gòu)造Carrousel氧化溝是1967年由荷蘭的DHV公司開(kāi)發(fā)研制。在原Carrouse氧化溝的根底上DHV公司和其在美國(guó)的專利特許公司EIMCO又創(chuàng)造了Carrousel2000系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了更高要求的生物脫氮和除磷功能。至今世界上已有850多座Carrousel氧化溝和Carrousel2000系統(tǒng)正在運(yùn)行。Carrousel氧化溝使用定向控制的曝氣和攪動(dòng)裝置，向混合液傳遞水平速度，從而使被攪動(dòng)的混合液在氧化溝閉合渠道內(nèi)循環(huán)流動(dòng)。因此氧化溝具有特殊的水力學(xué)流態(tài)，既有完全混合式反響器的特點(diǎn)，又有推流式反響器的特點(diǎn)，溝內(nèi)存在明顯的溶解氧濃度梯度。氧化溝斷面為矩形或梯形，平面形狀多為橢圓形，溝內(nèi)水深一般為2.5~4.5m，寬深比為2:1，亦有水深達(dá)7m的，溝內(nèi)水流平均流速為0.3m/s。氧化溝的曝氣混合設(shè)備有外表、曝氣轉(zhuǎn)刷或轉(zhuǎn)盤，射流曝氣池、導(dǎo)管式曝氣器和提升管曝氣機(jī)等，近年來(lái)配合使用的還有水下推動(dòng)器。Carrousel氧化溝的機(jī)理最初的普通Carrousel氧化溝的工藝中污水直接與回流污泥一起進(jìn)入氧化溝系統(tǒng)。外表曝氣機(jī)使混合液中溶解氧DO的濃度增加到大2~3mg/L。在這種充分摻氧的條件下，微生物得到足夠的溶解氧來(lái)去除BOD；同時(shí)，氮也被氧化成硝酸鹽和亞硝酸鹽，此時(shí)，混合液處于有氧狀態(tài)，在曝氣機(jī)下游，水流由曝氣去的湍流狀態(tài)變成之后的平流狀態(tài)，水流維持在最小流速，保證活性污泥處于懸浮狀態(tài)〔平均流速大于0.3m/s〕。微生物的氧化過(guò)程消耗了水中溶解氧，直到DO值降為0，混合液呈缺氧狀態(tài)。經(jīng)過(guò)缺氧區(qū)的反硝化作用，混合液進(jìn)入有氧區(qū)，完成一次循環(huán)。該系統(tǒng)中，BOD降解是一個(gè)連續(xù)過(guò)程，硝化作用和反硝化作用發(fā)生在同一池中。由于構(gòu)造的限制，這種氧化溝雖然可以有效去除BOD，但除磷脫氮的能力有限。3.2Carrousel氧化溝除磷脫氮的影響因素影響Carrousel氧化溝除磷夫人因素主要是污泥齡、硝酸鹽濃度及基質(zhì)濃度。研究說(shuō)明，當(dāng)污泥齡為8~10d時(shí)活性污泥中最大磷含量為其干污泥量的4%，為異養(yǎng)菌質(zhì)量的11%，但當(dāng)污泥齡超過(guò)15d時(shí)污泥中最大含磷量明顯下降，反而達(dá)不到最大除磷效果。因此，一味延長(zhǎng)污泥齡是沒(méi)有必要的，宜在8~15天范圍內(nèi)選用。同時(shí)，高硝酸鹽濃度和低基質(zhì)濃度不利于除磷過(guò)程。Carrousel氧化溝存在的問(wèn)題及解決方法盡管Carrousel氧化溝具有出水水質(zhì)好、抗沖擊負(fù)荷能力強(qiáng)、除磷脫氮效率高、污泥易穩(wěn)定、能耗省、便于自動(dòng)化控制等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。但是，在實(shí)際的運(yùn)行過(guò)程中，仍存在一系列問(wèn)題。當(dāng)廢水中的碳水化合物較多，N、P含量不平衡，PH值偏低，氧化溝中污泥負(fù)荷過(guò)高，溶解氧濃度缺乏，排泥不暢等易引起絲狀菌性污泥膨脹，非絲狀菌性污泥膨脹主要發(fā)生在廢水水溫較低而污泥負(fù)荷較高時(shí)。微生物的負(fù)荷高，細(xì)菌吸取了大量的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，由于水溫低，代謝速度較慢，積貯起大量高粘性的多糖類物質(zhì)，使活性污泥的外表附著水大大增加，SVI值很高，形成污泥膨脹。針對(duì)污泥膨脹的起因，可以采取不同的對(duì)策：由缺氧、水溫高造成的，可加大曝氣量或降低進(jìn)水量以減輕負(fù)荷，或適當(dāng)降低MLSS〔控制污泥回流量〕，使需氧量減少；如污泥負(fù)荷過(guò)高，可以提高M(jìn)LSS，以調(diào)整負(fù)荷，必要時(shí)可停頓進(jìn)水，悶曝一段時(shí)間；可通過(guò)投加氮肥、磷肥，調(diào)整混合液中的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)平衡〔BOD5：N:P=100:5:1〕；PH值過(guò)低，可投加石灰調(diào)節(jié)；漂白粉和液氯，能抑制絲狀菌繁殖，控制結(jié)合水性污泥膨脹。由于進(jìn)水中帶有大量油脂，處理系統(tǒng)不能完全有效地將其除去，局部油脂富集于污泥中，經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)刷充氧攪拌，產(chǎn)生大量泡沫；泥齡偏長(zhǎng)，污泥老化，也易產(chǎn)生泡沫。用外表噴淋水或除沫劑去除泡沫，常用除沫劑有機(jī)油、煤油、硅油，投加量為0.5~1.5mg/L。通過(guò)增加曝氣池污泥濃度或適當(dāng)減少曝氣量，也能有效控制泡沫產(chǎn)生。當(dāng)廢水中含外表活性物質(zhì)較多時(shí)，易預(yù)先用泡沫別離或其他方法去除。另外也可考慮增設(shè)一套除油裝置。但最重要的是要加強(qiáng)水源管理，減少含油過(guò)高廢水及其有毒廢水的進(jìn)入。當(dāng)廢水中含油量過(guò)大，整個(gè)系統(tǒng)泥質(zhì)變輕，在操作過(guò)程中不能很好控制其在二沉池的停留時(shí)間，易造成缺氧，產(chǎn)生污泥上?。划?dāng)曝氣時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)，在池中發(fā)生高度消化作用，使硝酸鹽濃度過(guò)高，在二沉池易發(fā)生反硝化作用，產(chǎn)生氮?dú)猓刮勰嗌细。涣硗?，廢水中含油量過(guò)大，污泥可能挾油上浮。發(fā)生污泥上浮后應(yīng)暫停停水，打碎或去除污泥，判明原因，調(diào)整操作。污泥沉降性差，可投加混凝劑或惰性物質(zhì)，改善沉淀性；如進(jìn)水負(fù)荷大應(yīng)減少進(jìn)水量；如污泥顆粒細(xì)小可降低曝氣機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速；如發(fā)現(xiàn)反硝化，應(yīng)減小曝氣量，增大回流或排泥量；如發(fā)現(xiàn)污泥腐化，應(yīng)加大曝氣量，去除積泥，并設(shè)法改善內(nèi)水力條件。4.4流速不均及污泥沉積問(wèn)題在Carrousel氧化溝中，為了獲得其他獨(dú)特的混合和處理效果，混合液必須以一定的流速在溝內(nèi)循環(huán)流動(dòng)。一般認(rèn)為，最低流速應(yīng)為0.15m/s，不發(fā)生沉積的平均流速應(yīng)到達(dá)0.3~0.5m/s。氧化溝的曝氣設(shè)備一般為曝氣轉(zhuǎn)刷和曝氣轉(zhuǎn)盤，轉(zhuǎn)刷的浸沒(méi)深度為250~300mm，轉(zhuǎn)盤的浸沒(méi)深度為480~530mm,與氧化溝水深〔3.0~3.6m)相比，轉(zhuǎn)刷只占了水深的1/10~1/12,轉(zhuǎn)盤也只占了1/6~1/7,因此造成氧化溝上部流速較大〔約為0.8m~1.2m,甚至更大〕，而底部流速很小，致使溝底大量積泥〔有時(shí)積泥厚度達(dá)1m),大大減少了氧化溝的有效容積，降低了處理效果，影響出水水質(zhì)。加裝上、下游導(dǎo)流板是改善流速分布、提高充氧能力的有效方法和最方便的措施。上流導(dǎo)流板在距轉(zhuǎn)盤軸心4.0處，導(dǎo)流板高度為水深的1/5~1/6，并垂直于水面安裝：下游導(dǎo)流板安裝在距轉(zhuǎn)盤軸心3.0m處。導(dǎo)流板的材料可以用金屬或玻璃鋼，但以玻璃鋼為佳。導(dǎo)流板與其改善措施相比，不僅不會(huì)增加動(dòng)力消耗和運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)本錢，而且還能夠較大幅度地提高充氧能力和理論動(dòng)力效率。另外，通過(guò)在曝氣機(jī)上游設(shè)置水下推動(dòng)器也可以對(duì)曝氣轉(zhuǎn)刷底部低速區(qū)德?tīng)柣旌弦貉h(huán)流動(dòng)起到積極作用，從而解決氧化溝底部流速低、污泥沉積的問(wèn)題。設(shè)置水下推動(dòng)器專門用于推動(dòng)混合液可以使氧化溝的運(yùn)行方式更加靈活，對(duì)于節(jié)約資源、提高效率具有十分重要的意義。Carrousel氧化溝的開(kāi)展由于污水處理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中對(duì)除磷脫氮的要求越來(lái)越嚴(yán)格，Carrousel氧化溝也得到了進(jìn)一步的開(kāi)展。目前，研究及應(yīng)用較多的包括以下兩種類型：微孔曝氣型Carrousel2000系統(tǒng)、Carrousel3000系統(tǒng)。5.1微孔曝氣型Carrousel2000系統(tǒng)微孔曝氣型Carrousel2000系統(tǒng)采用微孔曝氣〔供養(yǎng)設(shè)備為鼓風(fēng)機(jī)〕，微孔曝氣器可產(chǎn)生大量直徑為1mm左右的微小氣泡，這大大提高了氣泡的外表積，使得在池容積一定的情況下氧轉(zhuǎn)移總量增大。根據(jù)目前鼓風(fēng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠家的技術(shù)能力，池的有效水深最大可達(dá)8m，因此可根據(jù)不同的工藝要求選擇適宜的水深。傳統(tǒng)氧化溝的推流是利用轉(zhuǎn)刷、轉(zhuǎn)碟或倒傘形表爆機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，其設(shè)備利用率低、動(dòng)力消耗大。微孔曝氣型Carrousel2000系統(tǒng)則采用了水下推流的方式，即把潛水推進(jìn)器葉輪產(chǎn)生的推動(dòng)力直接作用于水體，在起推流作用的同時(shí)又可有效防止污泥的沉降。因此，采用潛水推進(jìn)器既降低了動(dòng)力消耗，又使污水得到了充分地混合。5.2Carrousel3000系統(tǒng)Carrousel3000系統(tǒng)是在Carrousel2000系統(tǒng)前再加上一個(gè)生物選擇區(qū)。該生物選擇區(qū)是利用高有機(jī)負(fù)荷篩選菌種，抑制絲狀菌的生長(zhǎng)，提高各污染物的去除率，其后的工藝原理同Carrousel2000系統(tǒng)。Carrousel3000系統(tǒng)的較大提高表現(xiàn)在：一是增加了池深，可達(dá)7.5~8m，同心圓式，池壁共用，減少了占地面積，降低造價(jià)同時(shí)提高了耐低溫能力；而是曝氣設(shè)備的巧妙設(shè)計(jì)，曝氣機(jī)下裝導(dǎo)流筒，抽吸缺氧的混合液，采用水下推進(jìn)器解決流速問(wèn)題；三是使用了先進(jìn)的曝氣控制器qute.四是采用一體化設(shè)計(jì)，從中心開(kāi)場(chǎng)，包括以下環(huán)狀連續(xù)工藝單元；進(jìn)水井和用于回流活性污泥的分水器；分別由四局部組成的選擇池和厭氧池。這之外是有三個(gè)曝氣器和一個(gè)預(yù)反硝化的Carrousel2000系統(tǒng).五是圓型一體化的設(shè)計(jì)使得氧化溝不需要額外的管線，即可實(shí)現(xiàn)回流污泥在不同工藝單元的分配。結(jié)論Carrousel氧化溝由于具有良好的除磷脫氮能力、抗擊負(fù)荷能力和運(yùn)營(yíng)管理方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，已經(jīng)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。但由于科技的開(kāi)展和社會(huì)的進(jìn)步，該工藝必將得到進(jìn)一步的提高。作者認(rèn)為：Carrousel氧化溝的未來(lái)研究方向主要表達(dá)在以下幾個(gè)方面。結(jié)合生物膜法，研究和開(kāi)發(fā)生物模型Carrousel氧化溝。這樣不僅可以提高單位反響器的微生物總量，從而提高有機(jī)負(fù)荷，而且生物膜本身具有的內(nèi)置A/O系統(tǒng)強(qiáng)化了脫氮效果。不斷提高Carrousel氧化溝中微生物的活性。例如在氧化溝中投加EM專一菌種、投加鐵鹽使微生物馴化成生物鐵、投加活性炭增強(qiáng)菌膠團(tuán)的形成并提高耐毒性沖擊等。提高Carrousel氧化溝設(shè)備性能和檢測(cè)技術(shù)。提高表曝機(jī)、水下推進(jìn)器的性能，減少維修工作量；利用DO、ORP等多目標(biāo)監(jiān)控技術(shù)及變頻技術(shù)是今后Carrousel氧化溝科學(xué)運(yùn)行的必由之路。提高Carrousel氧化溝的耐寒、耐讀性能，減少占地面積和工程造價(jià)。膜理論的應(yīng)用、深池水條件和工藝性能的研究為降低工程造價(jià)、提高耐寒耐毒性能等提供了可能的方向。O*idizetheditchcraftindirtywaterhandleofapplicationanddevelopmentSummary:Thiste*te*patiatedprimarilytheCarrouselo*idizestheconstruction,craftmechanismoftheditchandcirculatetheprobleme*sitedintheprocesswiththehomologousthemethodofsolution.Finally,introducetheCarrouselo*idizethelatestresearchprogressoftheditchandpointedoutthefutureandmainresearchdirection.Keyphrase:TheCarrouselo*idizestheditchdividedsbythephosphortakesoffthenitrogenconstructionmechanismApplicationandDevelopmentofCarrouselO*idationDitchProcessonWastewaterTreatmentAbstract:Thestructureandthetechniquesofcarrouselo*idationditchprocessonnitrogenandphosphorremovalareintroducedinthispaper.Theproblemsinrunningandtheircorrespondingresolventarealsopointed.Atlast,Theauthorshowedtheuptodateresearchimprovementandthemainlyfutureresearchdire-ction.Keywords:Carrousel;o*idationditch;nitrogenandphosphorremoval;structure;techniques1.ForewordO*idizetheditch(o*idationditch)againacontinuouscirculationspiritpond(Continuousloopreactor),isaliveanddirtymiremethodakindoftotransform.O*idizingthedirtywaterinditchhandlesthecraftberesearchedtomanufacturebythehygieneengineeringgraduateschoolofHollandinthe50'sof20centuriessuccess.Sincein1954atDutchthrowintheusagefortheveryfirsttime.Becauseitsawaterfluidmattergood,circulatethestabilityandmanageconvenienceetc.techniquecharacteristics,alreadyatdomesticandinternationalande*tensiveapplicationinlivethedirtywatertoisdirtytomanageaqueouslywiththeindustry[1].Currentapplicationthano*idizee*tensivelytheditchtypeinclude:The(Pasveer)o*idizestheditch,the(Carrousel)o*idizestheditch,(Orbal)o*idizestheditch,thetypeofTo*idizestheditch(threeditchtypeso*idizetheditch),thetypeofDEo*idizestheditchtoturntoo*idizetheditchwiththeintegralwhole.Theseo*idizetheditchbecauseofthedifferenceofesseinconstructionwithcirculating,thereforeeachcharacteristics[2].Thiste*twillintroduceconstruction,mechanism,e*istentproblemanditslatestdevelopmentsthatCarrouselo*idizeditchesprimarily.2.TheCarrouselo*idizestheconstructionoftheditchTheCarrouselo*idizetheditchtoberesearchedtomanufacturebyDutchDHVcompanydevelopmentin1967.O*idizethelastthecompanyofDHVinfoundationoftheditchintheoriginalCarrouseltopermitedspeciallythecompanyEIMCOtoinventagainwithitspatentintheUnitedStatesCarrousel2000system(seethefigure),realizesthelivingcreatureofthehigherrequesttakesoffthenitrogenwithdividedbythefunctionof.Therehasbeenintheworlduptonowmorethan850Carrouselso*idizetheditchwiththeCarrousel2000systemarecirculating[3].Fromdiagramtherefore,theCarrouselo*idizestheditchtheusagethespiritofthatdefinitedirectioncontrolwithshakeupthedevice,facetomi*withtheliquiddeliverthelevelspeed,frombutmakedrivetheliquidofadmi*turethatshakeupisino*idizeditchshutmatchoutletcirculateflow.Thereforeo*idizetheditchhavethespecialhydraulicsflowsthe,currentcompletemi*withthecharacteristicsofthetypereactor,havethecharacteristicsthatpushtheflowtypereactoragain,theditchinsidee*sitsobviouslyofdeliquescenceo*ygendensitystepsdegree.O*idizingtheditchcrosssectionisrectangleortrapezoids,theflatsurfaceshapeismanyforoval,theditchinternalwaterisdeepgeneralfor2.5～4.5ｍ,thebreadthisdeepcomparefor2:1,alsohavethedeepwateramountto7msof,ditchinsideaveragespeedinwatercurrentis0.3ms/s.O*idizeditchspiritadmi*tureequipmentscontainsurfacespiritmachine,thespiritofturntobrushorturnthedishandshoottoflowthespiritmachine,pipetypespiritmachinewithpromotetakecareoftypespiritmachineetc.,matchwithinrecentyearsusagestillcontainunderwaterpushmachine[4~6].3.TheCarrouselo*idizesthemechanismoftheditch3.1TheCarrouselo*idizestheditchhandlesdirtyandaqueousprincipleTheatthebeginningcommonCarrouselo*idizesthedirtywaterininsideincraftoftheditchdirectwithdirtymireinreflu*togetherentero*idizetheditchsystem.Thesurfacespiritmachinemakesfuseintheliquidofadmi*turethedensityoftheo*ygenDOincreasesabout2the3mgs/L.Underthiskindofwellthetermoftheo*ygen,themicroorganismgetstheenoughdeliquescenceo*ygencomesandgotodividedbytheBOD;Atthesametime,theammoniaweretooo*idizednitratewithsecondnitrate,thistime,mi*withtheliquidbeplacedintheo*ygenappearance.Inthespiritmachinedownstream,afterwatercurrentbebecomebytheswiftflowappearanceofthespiritDistrictofevenflowtheappearance,thewatercurrentmaintainsintheminimumcurrentvelocity,guaranteeingtheliveanddirtymirebeplacedinthefloatstheappearance.(averagecurrentvelocity>0.3ms/s)O*idizemicrobiallytheprocessconsumedtofusetheo*ygeninthewater,untilthevalueofDOdeclinesforzero,mi*ingwiththeliquidreporttheano*iaappearance.Versanitricthatturnthefunctionthroughano*iaarea,mi*withtheliquidentertohavetheo*ygenarea,completingoncecirculating.Thatsysteminside,theBODdeclinesthesolutionisacontinuousprocess,thenitricturnsthefunctiontoturnwiththeversanitricthefunctiontakeplaceinsamepond.Becauseofstructuralrestrict,thiskindofo*idizetheditchalthoughcanthenvalidwhereaboutsBOD,dividedbythephosphorustakeoffthenitrogenousabilitylimited[7].Forthesakeoftheacquisitionbetterdividedbythephosphorustakeoffthenitrogenousresult,Carrousel2000systemsincreasedao*ygenDistrictbeforecommonCarrouselo*idizeditchwiththeuniqueo*ygenarea.(callagainthattheversanitricinfrontturnsthearea)Thedirtymireinallreflu*esenterstheanaerobicDistrictwith10-30%dirtywater,canundertheano*iawith10-30%carbonsourcetermcompleteremainingofdirtymireinreflu*insidenitricacidnitrogentoversanitrictoturn,createsfortheuniqueo*ygenpondofhereafteruniqueo*ygenterm.Atthesametime,anaerobicDistrictinsideofconcurrentlythese*germsconvertthedissolubilityBODVFA,thegermacquiretheVFAitsassimilationPHB,theenergysourceneededsolvesinthephosphoricwaterandcausephosphaticreleasing.TheanaerobicDistrictawaterenterstheinnerpartinstallstheuniqueo*ygenareathathavethemi*er,theso-calleduniqueo*ygenisapondinsidetomi*withliquidsincehavenothenumeratoro*ygen,alsohavenothecompoundo*ygen(nitricacidroot),thehereuniqueo*ygenenvironmentisne*t,70-90%dirtywatercanprovidetheenoughcarbonsource,canmakethegermofreleasedthephosphoruswell.Theuniqueo*ygenareaconnectsbehindthecommonCarrouselo*idizestheditchsystem,furthercompletingtodoawaywiththeBODandtakeoffthenitrogenwithdividedbythephosphorus.Finally,mi*withtheliquidtransferthedirtymireinsideino*idizeditchenricho*ygenareaeject,whileenrichingtheo*ygenenvironmentgermsurfeit,phosphorusfromthewater,ejectingthesystemwiththedirtymireinsurplus.Likethis,inCarrousel2000systems,thancompletedtodoawaywiththeBOD,CODwithtakeoffatthesametimegoodlythenitrogendividedbythephosphorus.SynthesizinganddirtywaterintheriverCity,longsandCitydecontaminationcenter[softhedirtythefactoryofwaterinthefirstinKunmingofadoptionthatcraftshandlesthemovementresultofthefactorytherefore:ThroughCarrousel2000systemafterhandling,theBOD,COD,SSdoesawaywiththeratetoallcometoa90%above,theTNdoesawaywiththeratecomestoa80%,theTPdoesawaywiththeratetoalsocometoa90%.3.2TheCarrouselo*idizestheditchdividedsbythephosphorustakesoffthenitrogenousinfluencefactor.AffectingtheCarrouselo*idizestheditchdividedsbythephosphoricfactorisdirtymire,nitratedensityandqualitydensitiesprimarily.Theresearche*presses,beingtotalanddirtymireas11%thatahourbiggestphosphorus4%withdealisitsfuckdirtymiredealwithinliveanddirtymire,keepforthethegermphysicalendowmentmeasures,butwhendirtymireover15dhourdirtymiretheinsideisbiggesttocontaintheobviousdescentindealinphosphorus,canningnotreachthebiggestdividedingbytheresultofphosphorusonthecontrary.Therefore,prolongpersistentlythedirtymire(fore*ample20ds,25ds,30ds)istohavenonecessary,properchoosetousewithinthescopeof8~15d.Atthesametime,highnitratedensitywithlowqualitydensitydisadvantageindividedbytheprocessofphosphorus.AffectingtheCarrouselo*idizestheditchtakesoffthenitrogenousandmainfactorisDO,nitratedensityandcarbonsourcedensities.Theresearche*presses,o*idizingtheditchinsidee*sitsdeliquescenceo*ygendensitystepsdegreenamelythegoodo*ygenareaDOattains3~3.5mgs/L,theano*iaareaDOattains0~0.5mgs/Lisapriorconditiontotakeplacenitricturnreactionandversanitricsturnthereaction.Atthesametime,amplecarbonsourceandhigherC/theNratiobenefitstotakeofftocompletenitrogenously[7].4.TheCarrouselo*idizesproblemandsolutionmethodsoftheditchesse.ThoughtheCarrouselo*idizestheditchhasawaterfluidmattergood,theanti-poundsattheburthenabilitystrong,dividedbythephosphorustakeoffthenitrogenefficiency.But,inphysicallyofmovementprocess,stille*sitsaseriesofproblem.4.1DirtymireinflationproblemWhendiscardtheaquaticcarbohydratemore,theN,Pcontainstheunbalanceofdeal,thepHvalueislow,o*idizingthedirtymireininsideinditchcarrieshigh,fusetheo*ygendensitytheshortage,lineupthemirenotetc.causeseasilydirtymireingerminforminsilkinflation;Notthedirtymireingerminforminsilkinflationtakesplaceprimarilyatthewastewaterwatertemperatureislowerbutthedirtymirecarrieshigherhour.Themicrobialburthenishigh,thegermsabsorbedthelargequantitynourishmentmaterial,islowbecauseofthetemperature,metabolismthespeedisslower,accumulatingtheriseslargequantityishightogluese*ualandmanysugarmaterials,makingthesurfaceoftheliveanddirtymireadheretothewatertoincreaseconsumedly,SVIthevalueisveryhigh,becomingthedirtymireinflation.Causethataimatthedirtymireinflation,canadoptthedifferentcounterplan:Fromtheano*ia,watertemperaturehighresultinof,canenlargementtoleranceorlowerintothewatermeasurestoalleviateburthen,ortheadequacylowerstheMLSS(controldirtymirereflu*measure),makingneedtheo*ygenmeasuresdecrease;Ifthedirtymirecarrieshigh,canincreaseMLSS,toadjusttheburthen,necessitythehourcanstopintothewater,stuffyaperiodoftime;Canpassthehurladdthenitrogenfertilizer,phosphorusfatty,adjusttheadmi*turenourishmentintheliquidmaterialequilibrium(BOD5:N:P=100:5:1);ThevalueofpHoverlow,canthrowtoaddthelimeregulate;Bleachthepowderwiththeliquidchlorin(presstofuck0.3%ofthedirtymire~0.6%thehurladds),canrepressthesilkformgermbreed,controlingthedirtymireincombinativewaterinflation[11].4.2FoamproblemBecauseenteringtotakethegreaseoflargequantityinthewater,handlingsystemcan'tcompletelyandavailablyitsobviation,partsofgreasesenrichestogatherininthedirtymire,throughturntobrushtheo*ygenagitation,creationlargequantityfoam;Themireispartialtolong,thedirtymireisaging,andalsoeasycreationfoam.Spraytopourthewaterordividedbywiththesurfacetheofdoawaywiththefoam,incommonusedividedbytheanorganismoil,kerosene,theoilofsilicon,throwdealas0.5~1.5mgs/L.Passtoincreasedirtymireinpondinspiritindensityoradequaciesletupthetoleranceof,alsocancontrolthefoamcreationeffectively.Whencontainthelivematerialinsurfaceinthewastewatermore,separatewiththefoameasilyandinadvancemethodorothermethodsdoawaywith.Alsocanconsidertoincreasetoestablishasetofdividedingbytheoildevicemoreover.Butenhancemostimportantlytheheadwatersmanage,reducingtocontaintheoiloverthehighwastewaterandotherpoisonouswastewaterofinto[12].4.3FloattheproblemonthedirtymireWhencontaininthewastewatertheoilmeasuresbig,wholesystemmirequalitybecomelight,can'tliketocontrolverymuchinoperateprocessitsattwosinkthepondstopovertime,resultingintheano*iaeasily,producingthecorruptanddirtymireascendtofloat;Whenspirittimeoverlong,takeplaceinpondthehighdegreenitricturnthefunction,makingnitratedensityhigh,attwosinktheversanitricineasyoccurrenceinpondturnthefunction,creationnitrogenspirit,makedirtymireascendfloat;Moreover,containtheoilinthewastewater"Takeplacethedirtymireascendafterfloatingshouldpauseenterwater,brokeoffordirtymireinclearance,judgetheclearreason,adjusttheoperation.Thedirtymiresinkstodeclinethese*bad,canthrowtoaddofoagulateorslothmaterials,theimprovementprecipitatesthese*;Suchasenterthewatercarriesbigletupintothewatermeasuresortheenlargementreflu*measures;Suchasthedirtymiregrainsmalllowerthespiritmachineturnsoon;Ifdiscoversversanitricturning,shouldletupthetolerance,enlargethereflu*orrowthemiremeasures;Ifdiscoverthedirtymireiscorrupt,shouldenlargementtolerance,theclearanceaccumulatesthemire,andtrytheameliorativepondinternalwaterdintterm[12].4.4CurrentvelocityisnotallandthedirtymiresinkstoaccumulatetheproblemInCarrouselo*idizeditch,foracquiringitsspecialadmi*turewithhandlesresult,mi*withliquidmustwithcertaincurrentvelocityisinditchcirculateflow.Thinkgenerally,thelowestcurrentvelocityshouldshouldattainforanaveragecurrentvelocityfor,doingnottakeplacesinkingaccumulating0.3~0.5ms/s.Thespiritequipmentsthato*idizetheditchisgeneraltoturntobrushforthespiritoftoturnthedishwiththespiritof,turningtobrushofimmersetohavenodepthfor250~300mms,turnthedishimmersetohavenodepthfor480~530mms.Witho*idizetheditchwaterthedeep(3.0~3.6ms)comparing,turntobrushoccupiedthedeep1/10~inwater1/12,turnedthedishtoalsooccupythe1/6~only1/7,thereforeresultintoo*idizetheditchupperpartcurrentvelocitybigger(roughly0.8~1.2ms,evenlarger),butthebottomcurrentvelocityisverysmall(especiallyatthewaterisdeep2/3or3/4below,mi*withtheliquidhasnocurrentvelocityalmost),causingditchbottomlargequantityaccumulatethemire(sometimesaccumulatethemirethicknessamounttoa1.0ms),thevalidcapacitythatreducedtoo*idizetheditchconsumedly,loweredtohandleresult,affectedawaterfluidmatter.Addingthetop,downstreamleadstoflowtheplankisavalidmethodthatameliorativecurrentvelocitydistribute,increasestheo*ygenabilitywiththemostconvenientmeasure.Theupperstreamleadstoflowtheplankinstallsatbeapartfromtoturnthe4.0places(upperstream)：dish(turntobrush)a*is,leadtoflowplankhighdegreeasthedeep1/5~inwater1/6,combinetheperpendicularityinstallinthesurface;Thedownstreamleadstoflowtheplankinstallsatbeapartfromtoturndish(turntobrush)a*is3.0ms.Leadingtoflowknotholematerialcanusemetalsorglasssteels,butregardglasssteelasgood.Leadtoflowtheplankcompareswithotherameliorativemeasure,can'tnotonlyincreasethemotiveconsumeswithrevolvescost,butalsocanstillthansignificantlye*altation充o*ygenabilitywiththeoriesmotiveefficiency[13].Moreover,passinthespiritonboardswimtoestablishtheunderwaterpushmachinecanalsoturntothespiritoftheliquidofadmi*turethatbrushthebottomlowspeedareacirculatestoflowtorisepositivepushfunction,frombutthesolutiono*idizestheproblemthatlowanddirtymireincurrentvelocityinbottominditchsinkaccumulates.Establishtheunderwaterpushmachineusedsfore*clusivelythepushmi*swiththeliquidcanmakemovementmethodthato*idizetheditchmuchmorevivid,thisforeconomyenergy,liftthehigh-efficiencyhavingtheveryimportantmeaning[14].5.TheCarrouselo*idizesthedevelopmentoftheditchBecausethedirtywaterhandlesstandardinsidetodividedbythephosphorustakeoffthenitrogenousrequestmoreandmorestrict,thedevelopmentthatCarrouselfurthero*idizedtheditchtoalsoget.Current,theresearchandapplicationincludesmorelybelowtwocategorytype:TinyborespirittypeCarrousel2000systems,Carrousel3000system.5.1TinyborespirittypeCarrousel2000systemTinyborespirittypeCarrousel2000tinyboreinadoptioninsystemspirit(provideo*ygenequipmentsasthedrumbreezemachine),thetinyborespiritmachinecanproducethediameteroflargequantityasasurfacefororsoandsmallspiritsteeping,thisconsumedlyincreasesspiritbubbleaccumulates,underingthecertaincircumstanceincapacityinpondmaketheo*ygentransferthegrossmeasuresaggrandizement.(ifdeepincrementinpond,itsspreadthequalityefficiencywillbehigher)Producethetechniqueabilityofthefactoryhouseaccordingtothecurrentdrumbreezemachine,thevalidwaterofthepondisdeepbiggestamountingtoa8ms,thereforecanselectbye*aminationsaccordingtothedifferentcraftrequestthefitwaterisdeep.Thetraditiono*idizestheditchpushestoflowistomakeuseoftoturntobrush,turnadiscorpourtheumbrellatypeformmachinerealizesof,itsequipmentsutilizationislow,themotiveconsumesbig.TinyborespirittypeCarrousel2000systemsthenadoptedtheunderwaterpushesthewaythatflow,risestodivethepropellertheleafthemotivationthatroundcreationthedirectfunctionnamelyintheofwater,atpushtoflowthefunctiontocankeepdirtymirefromsinkingtodeclineeffectivelyagainatthesametime.Asaresult,theadoptiondivesthepropellersincelowerthemotiveconsume,makingmirewatergotagaintomi*swithadequately.Seeingfromwaterpowercharacteristic,tinyborespirittypeCarrousel2000systemsarewreathsformthefoldflowsthepondtype,concurrentlypushingtheflowtypewithcompletemi*withthetypeflows.Inregardtowholeo*idizeditch,canthinkthato*idizetheditchisacompletemi*withspiritpond,itsdensityvarietycoefficientsmallestevencanneglecttodonotaccount,enterthewaterwillgetthedilutionquickly,thereforeithavetheverystronganti-poundsattheburthenability.Buthaveo*idizeditchinsideofacertainverymuchthesomepushingthecharacteristicoftheflowtype,inthenearbydistrictindownstreaminmachineinspiritinDOdensityhigher,butalongwithincreasewithspiritmachinedistancecontinuouslythenthedensityofDOlowerscontinuously.(appeartheano*iaarea)Thiskindofstructuremethodmakesfriendlyo*ygeninareainano*iaareae*sitedtobuildthethinginside,makinguseofitswaterpowercharacteristicwell,comingtoanefficientlythelivingcreaturetakesoffthenitrogenouspurpose.TinyborespirittypeCarrousel2000systemthoughhavetheo*ygenabilitystrong,dividedbythephosphorustakeoffthenitrogeneffective,coverthearealittlewithcanconsumelowetc.advantage,italsoe*sitsatthesametimetheproblemthattinyborespiritequipmentsmaintain.Current,theservicelifeofthelocalandtinyborespiritmachineis5yearsin4~,canamountto10yearsin8~goodly,butwithimportthetinyborespiritmachinecomparetostillhavethecertainmargin.Thespiritmachinemaintainsunliketheformequipmentsissoconvenient,itneedtofuckthepondtalentfi*s,andalsoistosayoncethetinyborespiritmachineappearstheproblemtoneedtheadoptionparalleltwoinconveniencefororthirdsetstosolvingproblem,oradoptingpromotingdevicewaitingtoresolving,thistoowillgivingproductionwithmanagingbringingbiggest[1516].5.2Carrousel3000systemCarrousel3000systemsareintheCarrousel2000systemsaree*-toplusalivingcreaturethechoicethearea.Thatlivingcreaturechoiceareaisacrafttomakeuseofhighorganismcarriestosievegermgrow,represssilkformgermincrease,increaseeachpollutantdoawaywiththerate,afterwardprincipletogetherCarrousel2000system.Carrousel3000systemofbiggerincreasestoe*pressat:Anistoincreasedtheponddeep,canamountto7.5~8ms,unitedatheartcircletype,thepondwallusestotally,reducingtocoverthearea,loweringtobuildthepricetoincreasestobearthelowtemperatureabilityatthesametime;(canamountto7℃)Twoistheliquidofadmi*turethatspiritequipmentsthatskillfuldesign,theformmachinedescendstoinstalltoleadtoflow,theano*iaoftakeout,adoptthe