高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案

高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案五大基本句型

1.主（n./pron./todosth/doingsth/主語(yǔ)從句）——謂(vi.)（如：come,go,arrive,stay,work,fall,rise,die,happen,fail,appear,lie,sit,stand,last)

(1).Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.

(2).Yourbrotherhasgonehome.

(3).WeworkhardatEnglish.

2.主----謂（vt.如：visit,spend,forget,raise,have,seat,astonish,satisfy,embarass)---賓（n./pron./todosth/doingsth/賓語(yǔ)從句）

(1).Istudychemistryandhestudiesphysics.

(2).Ihaveneverseensuchaninterestingfilm.

(3).Hedoesn'tknowwhattoread.

3.主-------謂（vt.)------間接賓語(yǔ)（sb)-------直接賓語(yǔ)(sth.)

(1).Givesbsth=Givesthtosb:send,pass,hand,show

(2).Buysbsth=Buysthforsb:make,get,cook,call,find

(3).Asksbsth=Asksthofsb

(1).Willyoulendmeyourbike?

(2).PeterboughtMaryanewdress.

(3).Pleasegethimsomehotwater.

(4).Willyoutellussthaboutyourschoollife?

(5).Thislittleboyisalwaysaskingtheteacherallsortsofquestions.

(6).Passmethepaper,please.

(7)JohnisteachingMaryhowtorideabicycle.

4.主----謂(vt.)-----賓-----補(bǔ)(n./adj/adv/介詞短語(yǔ)/todosth----如：ask,tell,order,want,wish,encourage,allow,forbid/Dosth----如：“四看”、“二聽(tīng)”、“一感覺(jué)”；have,let與make/Doingsth/Donebysb.)

(1).Isawherenterthelab.

(2).NathanHalefelthisheartbeatingfast.

(3).Weelectedhimourschoolheadmaster.

(4).Thestudentsoftenkeeptheirclassroomcleanandtidy.

(5).I'llhavethebikerepaired.

(6).Iheardhimsinginghappilyinthenextroom.

(7).Thatmanmadetheboyobeyhim.

(8).Hepaintedthedoorred.

(9).Shefoundherbikestolen.

(10).letmehavealook.WecallherXiaoli.

(11).Weaskedthemtostayforlunch.

(12).Iwishyoutogowithme.

(13).Don'tkeepyourmotherwaiting.

(14).suddenlyshesawawalletlyingontheground.

(15).Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselftieddown.

5.主-----系(be/look,smell,taste,sound,feel/prove,remain,stay,keep/turn,get,become,make)----表。

(1).Thenewswasexciting.

(2).Hewasexcitedatthenews.

(3).Theteachers'officeiscleanandtidy.

(4).ShebecameaLeaguememberin1978.

(5).TheSummerPalacelooksespeciallybeautifulintheearlymorning.

(6).Themusicsoundssweet.

(7).Youranswerdoesn'tsoundright.

(8).Thedishsmellsgood/delicious.

(9).Theliquidtastesbitter.

(10).MyjobistoteachEnglish./teachingEnglish.

(11).Thisstoryisveryinteresting.

(12).I'minterestedinthestory.

(13).Hebecameawriterin1960.比較：

(14).Hewillmakeagoodathlete.（成為）

希望你能熟記上述經(jīng)典例句，真正掌握這五大基本句型呀。定語(yǔ)從句

1.什么叫定語(yǔ)從句？先行詞？引導(dǎo)詞？定語(yǔ)從句的位置如何？

(1).Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

(2).ThenoodlesthatIcookedweredeliicious.

(3).Whoisthemanthatisreadingoverthere?

(4).ThegirlthatwesawyesterdaywasJim'ssister.

(5).Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.

(6).Whoisthepersonwhomyoujusttalkedto?

(6).Mrs.Readisthepersontowhomyoushouldwrite.

(7).IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.

(8).Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.

(9).Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.

(10).WeiFangisthestudentwhosehomecaughtfirelastnight.

2.定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分為5個(gè)關(guān)系代詞:（1).who--指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。（2).whom--指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。(3).whose--指人或物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。(4).which---指物，在從句指作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);which還可以作定語(yǔ)起到限定詞的作用（this/that/these/those),但其前面必須有介詞。(5).that--指人或物，在從句指作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。(5)as---指人或物，在從句中作主、賓、表，既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句(thesame-----as,such---as,as/so---as),也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句（位置靈活).

3個(gè)關(guān)系副詞:(1).when--指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。(2).where--指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。(3).why--指原因，在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。

注意：判斷用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞，主要取決于什么？

取決于引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?/p>

若引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)時(shí)，須用關(guān)系代詞；若引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，須用關(guān)系副詞。

(1).I'llneverforgettheday_____yousavedme.

That'sthespecialday_______I'llneverforget.

(2).Thisisthehouse_____myauntlivedlastyear.

Thisisthehouse______myauntboughtlastyear.

(3).We'llvisitthevillage,______wasoncethesiteofafamousbattle.

We'llvisitthevillage,______afamousbattleoncetookplace.

(4).Oct.1,1949wastheday______we'llneverforget.

Oct.1,1949wastheday_____thePRCwasfounded.(5)Helosthistemper,atwhichpointIdecidedtogohome.此時(shí)我決定回家(6)ChaplinwenttotheStatesin1910,bywhichtimehehadlearnedtodanceandactincomedies.(7)Hissoninsistedonjoiningthearmy,inwhichcasehehadtogivein.

3.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，that/which都可以指物（可互用），但在下列情況下，必須用that指物，不用which.

(1).當(dāng)先行詞本身為不定代詞時(shí)：all,much,little,sth,anything,everything,noyhing.

(2).當(dāng)先行詞被adj最高級(jí)/序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。

(3).當(dāng)先行詞被thevery(正是、就是)、theonly、thelast修飾時(shí)。

(1).Allthatglittersisnotgold.

Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

Youcantakeanyroomthatyoulike.

Thereisnodifficultythatwecan'tovercome.

ThisisthelasttimethatI'llgiveyoualesson.

ThisistheverybookthatI'mafter.Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.(關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)）

4.As引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：(as在定語(yǔ)從句中必須充當(dāng)成分：主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ))

(1).Thesame--------as--------

(2).Such----------as--------

(3).As-clause,main-clause.==Main-clause,as-clause.(4).such/as-------as-------(5)as/so------as--------

(1).Asweknow,morethan70%oftheearth'ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.

(2).Thiselephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.

(3).Thiskindofcomputer,asiswell-known,isoutofdate.

(5).ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.

(6).Ihavethesametroubleasyou(have).

(7).Don'ttalkaboutsuchthingsasyoudonotunderstand.

(8).Airisagas,asisknowntous.

Asweallknow,airisagas.

Air,asweknow,isagas.(9)Hecanliftsoheavyastoneasnooneelsecan.比較：Thisissoheavyastone/suchaheavystonethatnoonecanliftit.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)

Thisissoheavyastone/suchaheavystoneasnoonecanlift.(定語(yǔ)從句）注意：1.as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常有，只能指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，不能指代單個(gè)先行詞：“如同-------那樣”：asweknow/asisknowntoall,asweallcansee,ashasbeensaidbefore/above,ashasbeenpointedout,asmightbeexpected(正如所預(yù)料的那樣),asisoftenthecase(情況常常是這樣),2.which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，既可以指代整個(gè)主句，也可以指代單個(gè)先行詞。指代的是先行詞本身而不是主句時(shí)，不可用as代替which.3.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，which既可作系動(dòng)詞be的主語(yǔ)，也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)，而as只能作系動(dòng)詞be的主語(yǔ)。(1)Theappletree,whichIplantedlastyear,hasnotanyfruit.(2)Hemarriedher,which/aswasnatural.(3)Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedhim.

5.特殊的句型

(1).Doallonecantodosth.

Dowhatonecantodosth.

Do/tryone'sbesttodosth.

(2).Idon'tliketheway(that)youwalk

Idon'tliketheway(inwhich)youwalk.

(3).This/Itisthe1st/2ndtimethatIhavedonesth.

This/Itwasthe1st/2ndtimethatIhaddonesth.

(4).Helivesinthehousewhosewindowfacessouth.

Helivesinthehousethewindowofwhichfacessouth.

Helivesinthehouseofwhichthewindowfacessouth.(5).Heenteredthemeetinghall,inthefrontofwhichweresittingsomeimportantmen.(6)比較：Asisreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthe2countriesaremakingprogress.

Itisreportedinthenewspaperthattalksbetweenthe2countriesaremakingprogress.

Whatisreportedinthenewspaperisthattalksbetweenthe2countriesaremakingprogress.(7)Wewentuptotheroof,fromwherewehadagoodviewoftheprocession.

Theystoodnearthewindow,fromwherewecouldseethewholegarden.注意：(1)No/never/not--------先行詞-------But----=that------not或who------not：“沒(méi)有--------不----的”

(2)當(dāng)先行詞是case,condition,situation,position,point,stage

等名詞時(shí)，表示情況、方面、處境時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞where.但先行詞是occasion時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞when.(!)Therewasnomanbutadmiredhim=nomanwhodidn'tadmirehim.(2)Thereisnodificultybutmaybesmoothedaway.=nodifficultythatmaynotbesmoothedaway.(3)Therearesomecases,wherethisroledoesn'tholdgood.（適用)(4)InChinathereisnoonebutknowsLeiFeng.(5)Thereisnorulebuthasexceptions.(6)Hersisterhasbeecomealawyer,_____shewantedtobe.A.who

B.what

C.that

D.which(關(guān)系代詞指代人的職業(yè)、身份）6.相似結(jié)構(gòu)，注意辨別：(1)*Isthismuseum_______theyvisitedyesterday?

*Isthisthemuseum_______theyvisitedyesterday?*Isthismuseum________theystayedyesterday?

*Itwasthemuseum_______yousawmanytreasures.

*Itwasinthemuseum_______yousawmanytreasures.

*Itwasinthemuseum_____youdroppedinthatyousawmanytreasures.(2).Shelivedinthehouse________sheusedtolive.

_________sheusedtolivein.

_________sheusedtodropin.

_________sheusedtovisit.

_________windowswerebroken.

thewindows______werebroken.

and__________windowswerebrokken.

_____thebrokenwindows.A.where

B.inwhich

C.atwhich

D.that

E.which

F.its

G.with

H.ofwhich

I.whose

J.不填

K.theone(that)Keys:1.k;de;a;

ab;

d;

e

2.ab;dej;

de;

de;i;h;f;g.(3).______isknownisthathehasgonetocollege.

______isknownthathehasgonetocollege._____isknown,hehasgonetocollege.

Weallknow_______hehasgonetocollege.

Hehasgonetocollege,________madeussurprised.

Hehasgonetocollegeand_____madeussurprised.

Hehasgonetocollege,_____surprisedus.

Hehasgonetocollege,______Iamsurprisedat.

_____surprisedusmostwas______hehasgonetocollege.

A.It

B.As

C.Which

D.What

E.that

(4).Heissuchagoodteacher______wealllike.

Heissuchagoodteacher_____wealllikehim.

Heissuchagoodteacher,_____weallknow.

Heisagoodteacher,_____makesusrespecthim.

A.as

B.that

C.which(5).HearrivedinBeijingin1984,_________hebecameamanagersomeyearslater.

HearrivedinBeijingin1984,_______wasimportantforhim.

HearrivedinBeijingin1984,_______hewasalreadyinhisfifties.

HearrivedinBeijingin1984,and_____hebecamefamous.

Itwasin1984_____hearrivedinBeijing.

A.when

B.where

C.which

D.there

E.thatKeys:3.d;a;b;e;ce;c;bc;d;e

4.a;b;ac;c

5.b;c;a;d;e名詞性從句（一）、什么叫名詞性從句？名詞性從句在復(fù)句中的位置如何？1.主語(yǔ)從句-----謂語(yǔ)------賓語(yǔ).

(1).Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.

(2).Whetherhewillgoornothasnotbeendecided.

(3).Itisn'tquiteclearwhyshedidit.

(4).Itisnotknownwhereshehasgone.(5)Whatiscalledatomicenergyisactuallynuclearenergy.

2.主語(yǔ)------謂語(yǔ)(vt.)------賓語(yǔ)從句.

(1).IwonderwhetherornotMikeisathomenow.

(2).Idon'tcarewhetherornothiscarbreaksdown.

(3).Hisparentsthinkitapitythattheirsondidn'tpasstheexam.(4)Afterwhatseemedanendlesswait,itwasatlasthisturntostepintotheconsultingroom.(5)HewasborninwhatisnowknownasShanghai.注意;it作形式賓語(yǔ)的特殊句型：(1).oweittosb.that------“把----歸功于----”

(2).Leaveittosb.that----“把---留給某人去做”(3).Takeitforgrantedthat---“想當(dāng)然”

(4).keepitinmindthat----"記住"(5).Ilike/enjoy/hateitthat--------

(6).seetoitthat----=makesurethat----"務(wù)必、確保"(7).dependonitthat------(1).Ienjoy____whenyouhelp_____isintrouble.

A.it,thosewho

B.that,who

C.this,anyone

D.it,whoever(2).IoweittoyouthatI'mstillalive.(3)Ileaveittoyoutojudge.（我讓你做判斷）(4).Youmaydependonitthattheywillhelpyou.（你可以放心他們會(huì)幫你的)(5).Wouldyouseetoitthatthevillagershavecleandrinkingwater?(你負(fù)責(zé)保證）(6)Itakeitthatyouwon'tbecomingtoSophie'sparty.(我想你不回去參加）(7).I'mcountingonitthatyouwillcome.(我正指望著你回來(lái))

3.主語(yǔ)-----系-------表語(yǔ)從句.

(1).Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.

(2).That'swhyweloveourmotherlandsomuch.

(3).Itlooksasifit'sgoingtorain.

(4).Thereasonwhyhewasabsentyesterdywasthathewasill.4.某些名詞（如：thenews/idea/fact/hope/belief/promise/suggestion/possibility/problem/conclusion/opinion/remark評(píng)論、意見(jiàn)，saying格言、諺語(yǔ)，evidence)---引導(dǎo)詞（如：that,whether,how,when,where,why)----同位語(yǔ)從句（注意：which不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句)

(1).Herecomesthenewsthatsomeforeignfriendswillcometoourschool.

(2).Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.

(3).Wordcamethattheirheadmasterwouldsoonvisitourschool.

(4).Ihavenoideawhenshewillcomeback.

(二）、名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞：

(1).連接詞：that,whether/if,asif--------在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。

(2).連接代詞：who,what,which,whose-------在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。

(3).連接副詞：when,where.why,how,howmany/much/soon/often/long-----在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。注意：(1).if不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句以及介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句。

(2).與ornot或不定式連用，要用whether.

(3).what本身有一定的意義，且在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，而that本身無(wú)任何意義，且在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。e.g.(1).Itisunknownwhether/ifsheisill.(如果

用形式主語(yǔ)，if和whether都可以）

(2).Idon'tcareifhedoesn'tshowup.他來(lái)不來(lái)我都不在乎（若賓語(yǔ)從句為否定結(jié)構(gòu)，則多用if,而不用whether)

(3)Afteryearsofhardwork,hewasmadewhathewas.(主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)----經(jīng)過(guò)多年的辛勞，她被弄成這樣）注意：inthat(由于、因?yàn)椋琫xceptthat(除了----），butthat(如果沒(méi)有、要不是-----），besidesthat(除了----)(1)IknownothingabouthiscareerexceptthatheisagraduateofTsinghua(2)Hewouldhavehelpedusbutthathewasshortofmoneyatthattime.

(3)ButthatIsawit,Icouldn'thavebelievedit.

(三).弄清一類連詞：“無(wú)論（不管）--------”

Nomatterwho-----==Whoever-------

Nomatterwhat-----==Whatever------

Nomatterwhich------==Whichever-------

Nomatterwhen-------==Whenever---------

Nomatterwhere-----==wherever----------

Nomatterhow+adj/adv------==However+adj/adv-------

左邊：只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。而右邊：既可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，又可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。(1).I'llgivethebookto_______wantsit.

(A).anyone

(B).thosewho

(C).whoever

(D).whomever(2).Nomatterwho=Whoeverwantstoreadthebook,youmaylendittohim.(3).Howeverlate=Nomatterhowlateheis,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.(5).Whenever=Everytimehesawme,hegreetedme.

Whereveryougo,we'llbethinkingofyou.(四).弄清同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:(1)that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的成分；that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分。(2)當(dāng)when,where,why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其意義與先行詞有關(guān)，與先行詞的意義基本相同，沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)意義；但它們引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其意義與被同位的詞毫無(wú)關(guān)系，其意義完全與疑問(wèn)詞相同，即when表示；“什么時(shí)候”，where表示：“哪兒”。它們引導(dǎo)兩種從句時(shí)都在從句中做狀語(yǔ)。

(1).Heexpressedthehopethathehadformanyyears.

HeexpressedthehopethathewouldcometoChinaagain.

(2).Ihavethe1stimpressionthathegavemein1980.

Ihavethe1stimpressionthatheisanhonestman.

(3).Thenewsthatyouheardisnottrue.

ThewholenationwasplungedintodeepsorrowatthenewsthatAbrahamLincolnwasmurderedatatheatre.(4)比較：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.(定語(yǔ)從句)

ThisisthehousewhereIlived2yearsago.(定語(yǔ)從句)

Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.(同位語(yǔ)從句）

Thenarosethequestionwhereweweretogetthemachinesneeded.(同位語(yǔ)從句）

(五).特殊句型要牢記：

(1).Itissaid/believed/reported/thought/well-knownthat---------

(2).Itturnedoutthat------“結(jié)果是，原來(lái)是-----”

(3).Ithappenedthat------“碰巧--------”

(4).Itoccurredtomethat------=Itstruckmethat-------“突然想起------”

(5).Wordcamethat------“有消息傳來(lái)說(shuō)---------”

(6).Itseems/appearsthat-----------“似乎是，好像是---------”

(7).Itisapity/afact/nowonderthat-------“真遺憾、是事實(shí)、難怪------”

(8).Itispossible/probable/likelythat-------

(9).Itisimportant/necessary/strangethat--------{從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣:（should）+動(dòng)詞原形}

(10).Itiscertainthat-------

(11).Itfollowsthat-------“于是乎，從而--------”

(12).Thereisnopointindoingsth.

Thereisnoneedtodosth.

(13).Itisuptosbtodosth.

“該由某人做某事，由某人負(fù)責(zé)”

(14).Itisjustlikesbtodosth.“某人恰恰是這個(gè)樣子”

(15).Seetoitthat-----=Makesurethat------“務(wù)必。確保”

(16).Howdiditcomeaboutthatyouwerelateagainyesterday?六、弄清一組句型的區(qū)別：(1)Itwasnotuntil----that------（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)）(2).Itwas+時(shí)間段+ago或+介詞短語(yǔ)+that------(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)）(3).Itwas+時(shí)間點(diǎn)名詞+when------"當(dāng)----時(shí)已是----時(shí)間了”(4).Itis/was/will(not)be+時(shí)間段名詞+before------（肯定句）“過(guò)多久---就/才-----”;(否定句）“不久----就/才-----”(5)Itis+時(shí)間段+since-------

例如：(1).ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatIreceivedhisletter.(2).Itwasonthecoaststhatlotsofpeopledisappeared.(3).Itwas3yearsagothathearrivedinAustralia.(4).Itwas10o'clockintheeveningwhenhecameback.(5).Itwillbehoursbeforehearriveshere.(6).Itwasnotlongbeforetheydrovetheenemyfromtheirhomeland.(7).Itis3dayssinceweleftourschool.(8).Itis10yearssinceIwasateacher.(我不當(dāng)教師已經(jīng)10年了)(9).Itis5yearssincehelivedinLondon.(他有5年不在倫敦住了)狀語(yǔ)從句一、什么叫狀語(yǔ)從句？狀語(yǔ)從句有哪些種類？引導(dǎo)詞是什么？

1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：when,while,as,before,after,since,till(until),assoonas,hardly--when,nosooner--than,once,

each/everytime,thefirsttime,thelasttime,nexttime,themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly

2.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句：where,wherever

3.原因狀語(yǔ)從句：because,since,as,nowthat,inthat,considering(that)

4.目的狀語(yǔ)從句：sothat---,inorderthat---,incase---,forfearthat---(以防、以免、生怕)=lest

5.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：sothat---,so/such---that---

6.條件狀語(yǔ)從句：if,unless,as/solongas----,onconditionthat---,providing(provided)that,assumingthat,

supposethat,supposingthat,giventhat,when7.方式狀語(yǔ)從句：justas---,asif,theway---

8.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：(al)though,everif,whether,nomatterwho/what/where---,as(雖然）,while9.比較狀語(yǔ)從句：as---as,notas/so---as,more---than,themore----themore,less---than

例如：1.Shetreatedthechildthewayhismotherdid.

2.Childasheis,heknowsalot.

3.MuchasIlikeit,Iwillnotbuyit.4.Tryasyouwill,youwon'tmanageit.5.LosemoneyasIdid,Igotalotofexperience.

4.Youmayborrowthisbook,onconditionthatyoudon'tlendittoanyoneelse.

5.I'llcomeonconditionthatJohnisinvited,too.6.NosoonerhadIreachedthebusstopthanthebusstarted.

7.Hardlyhadheclosedthedoorwhentherecameaknockonit.

8.Takeyourumbrella,incaseitrains.

9.Wehadn'tmetfor20yearsbutIrecognizedhimthemomentIsawhim.

10.Nowthatyouarewellagain,youcanworkwiththem.

11.Whenyoureadthebook,you'dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.

12.Howeverlateheis,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.

13.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.

14.JackandTomhadtowait2moreweeksbeforethemanagercameback.15.Forall(that)hehaslotsofmoney,he'sfarfrombeinghappy.(雖然、盡管)16.Withallhisroughness,hehasaheartofgold.(雖然他粗俗，但他有一顆金子般的心）17.Airistouswhatwateristofish.18.Readingistomindwhatfoodistothebody.19.Ithoughtconditionswouldgetbetter,butasitistheyaregettingworse.(事實(shí)上，實(shí)際情況是）20.Leaveitasitis.別動(dòng)它（讓它保持原來(lái)的樣子）21.Statethefactsastheyare.按照實(shí)際情況把事實(shí)擺出來(lái)。22.Heis,asitwere,awalkingdictionary.(仿佛、好像可以說(shuō)是)(=/=asitis/was)23.Theskyiscovered,asitwere,withablackcurtain.(仿佛）

二、注意：特殊的引導(dǎo)詞（連詞）：

themoment----=assoonas---=immediately----=directly---=hardly---when=nosooner---than

as/solongas---,onconditionthat---,incase---,nowthat---,providedthat---=supposingthat---,everytime---,thefirsttime---,thelasttime---,nexttime---例如：(1).Onarrivingatthestation,thethiefwasarrested.比較：Onhisarrivalatclassroom,thecameandthebellrang.

(2).ThefirsttimeIclimbedontothewall,Ifeltnervous.

(3).ThelasttimeshesawJames,hewaslyinginbed.三、并列連詞when=andjustthen（就在這時(shí)，突然---）的三種句型：

1.Iwasdoingsth.whensth.happened.2.Iwas(just)abouttodosth.whensth.happened.

3.Ihad(just)donesth.whensth.happened.

例如：1.Iwasjustabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.

2.Ihadjustfallenasleepwhenthebabystartedtocry.

3.IwasthinkingofthiswhenIheardmynamecalled.

四、狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略：

有些時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)一致或主語(yǔ)為it時(shí)，且從句謂語(yǔ)又包含Be動(dòng)詞，就可以省略從句中的“主語(yǔ)+Be”部分。

1.Ifasked,,youmaycomein.

2.Whenwalkinginthestreet,Imetanoldfriendofmine.3.Ifpossible,sendmewordtomorrow.

4.Hewon'tattendthemeetingunlessinvited.

5.Hegotmuchtallerthanexpected.

7.Helookedthroughthenewspaperwhilehavinghissupper.

8.Oncerecovered,shethrewherselfintoherstudy.

9.Whenstillaboyof10,hehadtoworkdayandnight.he

10.Shetriedherbestthoughratherpoolinhealth.

11.Hewasfondofswimmingwhenyetachild.

12.Theboylookedasifafraidofnothing.

五、如何區(qū)別不同的從句：（1）據(jù)連詞。（2）據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意：

1.Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.2.Tellmetheaddresswherehelives.

3.Idon'tknowwherehecamefrom.

4.Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.

5.Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.

6.Makeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestionwhenreading.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)一、八大時(shí)態(tài)和兩大語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本公式是什么？不同的時(shí)態(tài)分別與什么時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用？有關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)之間的區(qū)別是什么？1.時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本公式（要牢記）：時(shí)態(tài)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（Be

Donebysb.)（1）-----do/doessth.

(1)-----is/aredone(bysb.)(2)-----didsth.

(2)----------was/weredone(bysb.)(3)-----is/aredoingsth.

(3)---is/arebeingdone(bysb.)(4)--was/weredoingsth.

(4)---was/werebeingdone(bysb.)(5)--has/havedonesth.

(5)---has/havebeendone(bysb.)(6)--haddonesth.

(6)--hadbeendone(bysb.)(7)---willdosth.

(7)--willbedone(bysb.)(8)--woulddosth.(8)---wouldbedone(bysb.)

(9)---willbedoingsth.(atthistimetomorrow)(表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻或時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）(10)---willhavedonesth.(bythistimenextyear)（表示在將來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作）注意：vi.和linkv.均無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：(1).happen.takeplace.

breakout.belongto.

last.runout.

cost.

spread,own,contain,occur,spread,rise,comeabout,cometrue,comeintobeing(2).look.smell.taste.sound.feel(感官系動(dòng)詞),appear,become,get,grow,remain,keep,prove,seem,stay,turn例如：(1).Inthepast5years,greatchangeshavetakeninmyhometown.

(2).Cottonfeelssoft.

(3)Afterthefire,verylittleremained

ofmyhouse.

(4)Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.（實(shí)用的）2.時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配：(1).一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：often,always,now,everymorning/day/week,seldom,usually,never,sometimes,nowandthen,fromtimetotime,occassionally,onceaweek/year.(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：now,atpresent,atthistime.(3)一般過(guò)去時(shí)：yesterday,yesterdaymorning,lastweek,atthattime,thedaybeforeyesterday,thenightbeforelast,theotherday,justnow.(4)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：atthattime,then,atthistimeyesterday,atfouryesterday.(5)一般將來(lái)時(shí)：tomorrow,

tomorrowafternoon,inanhour,

nextweek/year,aweeklater,howsoon,

beforelong,in(the)future.(6)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：thenextday/week/month.(7)完成時(shí)：just,already,yet,ever,never,bynow,bytheendofthis/lastyear,thesedays/years,inthelast/past10years,manytimes,sofar,recently,lately,allthetime.注意：區(qū)別語(yǔ)境，靈活處理時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)與語(yǔ)態(tài)的關(guān)系。(1).HehadbeeninB.J.for10yearsbeforeheleftforWuhan.(2).Heoftengoeshungry.(3).Heoftenwenthungryinthepast.(4).Hewrotealetteryesterdayevening.(5).Hewaswritingaletteryesterdayeveningwhenhisfriendcamein請(qǐng)記住下面這些經(jīng)典的例句吧：(1).Whatwillyoubedoingatthistimetomorrow?(2).Youwillhavegraduatedbythistimenextyear.(3).Hepromisedtocome,buthehasn'tturnedupyet.(4).Thepartyistobeheldat6:00onSaturdaymorning.(5).Thisisaterriblyheavybox.I'llhelpyoucarryit.(will表示臨時(shí)性的決定，而begoingto表示事先經(jīng)過(guò)考慮或做好安排的將來(lái)).再如:-----You'veleftthelighton.

-----Oh,soIhave.I'llgoandturnitoff.(6).Thefilmhadbeenonfor20minuteswhenwegottothecinema.(7).Hewasjustabouttodivewhenhesawashark.(8)Hewillbe30yearsoldnextyear./Tomorrowwillbethe20thofAugust.(will表示按自然規(guī)律將必然會(huì)）(9)Fishwilldiewithoutwater./Oilandwaterwillnotmix./We'lldiewithoutairorwater.(will表示事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢(shì)、傾向）(10)比較：*It'sweekssinceIfellill.(fallill“患病",終止性動(dòng)詞，表示這一行為的開(kāi)始)---我病了幾周了。*It'sweekssinceIwasill.(beill"病了",表示狀態(tài)，是持續(xù)性的，表示這一行為的終止)----我病好了好幾周了。Bealwaysdoingsth------------表示說(shuō)話者的感情色彩.例如：(8).Heisalwayshelpingothers.(9).Sheisalwayscominghomelate.下列這些特定的時(shí)態(tài)是表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的：(1).Ihadhopedtocatchthe7:30train,butfoundit(was)gone.(2).Ihadintendedtomakeacake,butIranoutoftime.(3).I'dliketohavegonetothepartylastnight,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.(4).Iwasgoingtofinishmyarticlebutmyfriendarrived,soIdidn'thavetime.(5).was/weretohavedonesth.（原本打算做某事，但未做成.)試著做一做吧：(1).Whenwereachedtheairpport,it_____.

A.isprobablyraining

B.probablyrains

C.willprobablyberaining

D.hasprobablyrained(2).Alicehasjustarrived,butI______until4.

A.haven'tknownshiwillcome

B.hadn'tknownshewascoming

C.don'tknowshewillcome

D.didn'tknowshewascoming(3).UnluckilywhenIarrive,she______,soweonlyhadtimeforafewwords.A.justleft

B.wasleaving

C.hadjustleft

D.hasjustleft(4).----Who

_______thatviolin?

---Mysister,whenshe_______time.A.plays,has

B.isplaying,willhave

C.plays,ishaving

D.isplaying,hashad(5).-----I'vebeentoldthatJohn_______fromhisjourneytoAmerica.Whataboutvisitinghimtonight?

-----Allright.I'llpickyouupat6:00pm.

A.hadcomeback

B.isback

C.cameback

D.comingback(6).Shirley_______abookaboutChinalastyear,butIdon'tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.

A.haswritten

B.wrote

C.hadwritten

D.waswriting(7).Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.I_______forsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.

A.hadknown

B.knew

C.haveknown

D.know(8)----Don'tyoufeelsurprisedtoseeBruceatthemeeting?

----Yes.Ireallydidn'tthinkshe_____here.

A.hasbeen

B.hadbeen

C.wouldbe

D.wouldhavebeen(9)----Willyourepeatyouridea?-----Certainly.ButIthinkitcertainyou______yourattention.

A.don'tpay

B.didn'tpay

C.weren'tpaying

D.aren'tpaying(10)----Howcanyouborrowmycomputerwithoutmypermission?

----Oh,I______totellyou.Ihopeyoudon'tmind.

A.forget

B.forgot

C.hadforgotten

D.amforgetting(11)______Mr.Smith______thisweek?

------No.Heisonholiday.

A.Has,

worked

B.Does,

work

C.Did,

work

D.Is,

working

二、不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞有：(1)表示感官的動(dòng)詞：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等(2)表示存在狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：be,appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belongto,dependon,stay,continue等(3)表示一時(shí)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞：allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete等(4)表示感情和思維的動(dòng)詞：fear,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive,like,love,hate,care,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need等(5)表示思考、理解的動(dòng)詞：understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember----(6)表示占有與從屬的動(dòng)詞：own，have,possess,belong,consist,但如果詞義轉(zhuǎn)變，能表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，就能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。比較：*Doyouseeanyonehere?

與

Areyouseeingsomeoneoff?*Helooksveryyoung.

與

Heislookingforhispen.三、主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意思：1.某些動(dòng)詞（如：wash,sell,write,read,wear,lock等),它們的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?？杀硎颈粍?dòng)的意思，這種動(dòng)詞一般只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（說(shuō)明事物所具備的某種性質(zhì)或特征），且常與否定詞not或副詞well,easily,smoothly連用，主語(yǔ)通常是五.(1).Thedoorwon'tshut.(2).Thewindowshutseasily.(3).Thisboxdoesn'tlock.(4).Livingfishsellwell.(5).Theclothwasheswell.(6).Thispenwritessmoothly.(7).Thispoemreadswell.2.Mywatchneeds/wants/requiresrepairing或toberepaired.3.(1).Thisvillageishardtofindinthemap.

(2).Thiswaterisfittodrink.

(3).Thissentenceisnoteasytounderstand.4.Thisfilmis(well)worthseeing.5.Betoblame(應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備），Betolet(出租）,Betorent(出租)如;Thiscaristolet.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞什么叫非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞？非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中的作用是什么？什么叫動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)？什么叫獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)？非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式是如何構(gòu)成的？一、什么叫非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞？（不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞形式）(1).Todosth.（表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作）：在句中充當(dāng)主、賓、表、定、狀、補(bǔ)）(2).Doingsth.（表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行、主動(dòng)）：在句中充當(dāng)主、賓、表、定、狀、補(bǔ)）(3).Donebysb.（表示被動(dòng)、已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作---vi.的過(guò)去分詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)的意義，只表示動(dòng)作的完成）：在句中充當(dāng)表、定、狀、補(bǔ)）二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中的作用1.作主語(yǔ)：(1).Todosth.------往往表示某一次具體的動(dòng)作，特別是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。(2).Doingsth.------往往表示抽象的一般性的行為。注意：Itisnouse/goodDoingsth.

e.g.It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(1).Itisnotgoodforyoutosmoke.

(2).Smokingdoesharmtopeople'shealth.(3).It'skindofyoutosayso.

(4).ItisdifficultforaforeignertolearnChinese.(5).StudyingEnglishrequiresa