2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南林業(yè)大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號20

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南林業(yè)大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Butagingdoesnothavetotakeatollonceitdidonherfaceandbody.Therearenowmanysolutionsavailabletoaidwomenintheirquestfortheirlonglastinghealthandbeauty.

問題1選項

A.takeover

B.composeof

C.slowdown

D.haveanegativeeffect

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組。A選項takeover“接管；接收”；B選項composeof“由……組成”；C選項slowdown“減速，放慢速度；使……慢下來”；D選項haveanegativeeffect“產(chǎn)生負面影響”。句意：不過，一旦衰老對她的臉和身體造成了影響，就不必為此付出代價?，F(xiàn)在有很多方法可以幫助女性追求持久的健康和美麗。結合此處關鍵詞takeatoll“產(chǎn)生負面影響；造成損失；產(chǎn)生嚴重的不良影響”，得知D選項正確。

2.單選題

SpecialistMusicSchoolsHowtocopewithachildwhoshowsoutstandingmusicalability?It'snotalwaysclearhowbesttodevelopandencouragetheirgift.Manyparentsmayevenfailtorecognizeandrespondtotheirchild'sneeduntilfrustrationexplodesintodifficultoruncooperativebehavior.Andwhilemostschoolsareequippedtodealwithchildrenwhoareespeciallyableinacademicsubjects,themusicallygiftedrequirespecialunderstandingwhichmaynotalwaysbeavailableinanordinaryschoolespeciallyonewheremusicisregardedasasecondaryactivity.Suchchildren—aswellasthosewhoseabilityisactivelyencouragedbyparentsorteachers—maywellbenefitfromtheeducationofferedbyaspecialistmusicschool.

ThefivemusicschoolsinBritainarearelativelyrecentintroduction.Theyaimtoprovideasympatheticenvironmentinwhichgiftedchildrenagedbetweensevenandeighteencandeveloptheirskillstothefullundertheguidanceofprofessionalmusicians.

Childrenatspecialistmusicschoolsspendbetweenonethirdandonehalfofanaveragedayonmusicalactivities,forexample,individuallessons(uptothreehoursaweekonfirstandsecondinstruments),orchestras,chambergroups,voicetraining,conductingandtheory.Theyalsospendseveralhoursadaypracticinginproperlyequippedprivaterooms,sometimeswithateacher.Therestoftheirtimeistakenupwitharestrictedacademicprogram,whichtendstoconcentrateontheessentialsubjects—English,math,basicsciencesandlanguages—?althoughprovisioncanbemadeforstudentswhowishtostudyawiderrangeofsubjects.AllfiveBritishspecialistschoolsareindependent,classesaresmallbynormalschoolstandards,withahighteacher/pupilratio.Mostchildrenattendingspecialistschoolstendtobeboarders,leavinghometolive,eatandsleepfull-timeatschool.Thismeanstheyspendtheirformativeyearsinthecompanyofotherswithsimilaraimsandinterests.

Whatarethedisadvantages?Anobviousproblemisthecost,thefeesarehigh(￡12,000?￡17,000ayearforboarders).However,eachschoolwillmakeeveryeffortwithscholarshipsandotherformsoffinancialassistance,tohelpparentsofoutstandinglygiftedchildrentofindthenecessaryfees.Secondly,notallparentswanttosendtheirchildrentoboardingschool,speciallyataveryearlyage.Almostallthedirectorsofthespecialistschoolsexpressdoubtsaboutthewisdomofadmittingchildrenasyoungassevenintosuchanintenseanddisciplinedenvironment.Theystress,however,thattheirmainaimistoturnout‘roundedandwell-balancedindividuals’.

1.Ifachild'smusicalabilityisnotrecognized___.

2.Whatproblemmaymusicallygiftedchildrenfaceinordinaryschools?

3.Whatmakesspecialistmusicschoolsdifferentfromotherschools?

4.Whatdomostschooldirectorsseeasapossibledisadvantageforpupils?

5.Theunderlinedword‘sympathetic’inparagraphtwomeans___.

問題1選項

A.theabilitymayfadeaway

B.thechildmaymisbehave

C.theparentsmaybecomeanxious

D.thechildmayloseinterest

問題2選項

A.Musicisnotseenasanimportantsubject

B.Theiracademicworkmaysuffer

C.Schoolslackmusicalequipment

D.Parentsandteachersdonotworktogether

問題3選項

A.Thechildrenhavemostlyone-to-onelessons

B.Theirworkingdayislonger

C.Morethanhalfthedayisspentonmusic

D.Arangeofmusicaltrainingisoffered

問題4選項

A.Theymaynotbematureenoughonarrival

B.Poorchildrenmaybeexcluded

C.Theremaybeadisciplineproblem

D.Theymaylosetheirindividuality

問題5選項

A.pity-showing

B.appreciating

C.understandable

D.beneficial

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Manyparentsmayevenfailtorecognizeandrespondtotheirchild'sneeduntilfrustrationexplodesintodifficultoruncooperativebehavior.”中文翻譯為：許多父母甚至沒有意識到并回應孩子的需求，直到挫折感爆發(fā)成困難或不合作的行為。可以得知B選項“孩子可能會行為不端”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關鍵詞“inordinaryschools”可以定位到原文第一段“Andwhilemostschoolsareequippedtodealwithchildrenwhoareespeciallyableinacademicsubjects,themusicallygiftedrequirespecialunderstandingwhichmaynotalwaysbeavailableinanordinaryschoolespeciallyonewheremusicisregardedasasecondaryactivity.”中文翻譯為：雖然大多數(shù)學校都有能力培養(yǎng)在學科方面特別有能力的孩子，但是音樂天才需要特殊的理解力，這在普通學校是不可能做到的，尤其是在音樂被視為次要活動的學校里。因此可知A選項“音樂不被視為一門重要的學科”為正確答案。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段“Childrenatspecialistmusicschoolsspendbetweenonethirdandonehalfofanaveragedayonmusicalactivities,forexample,individuallessons(uptothreehoursaweekonfirstandsecondinstruments),orchestras,chambergroups,voicetraining,conductingandtheory.”中文翻譯為：個人課程（每周最多三個小時學習第一和第二樂器）、管弦樂、室內(nèi)樂團、聲音訓練、指揮和理論?？芍狢選項“半天以上的時間都花在了音樂上?！卞e誤，以及D選項“提供一系列的音樂培訓”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關鍵詞“schooldirectors”可以定位到文章最后一段“Almostallthedirectorsofthespecialistschoolsexpressdoubtsaboutthewisdomofadmittingchildrenasyoungassevenintosuchanintenseanddisciplinedenvironment.”中文翻譯為：幾乎所有專業(yè)學校的負責人都對讓7歲大的孩子進入如此緊張、紀律嚴明的環(huán)境的做法表示懷疑。故選A“他們可能在到達（學校）時還不夠成熟。”

5.詞匯題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“sympathetic”可以定位到根據(jù)文章第二段“Theyaimtoprovideasympatheticenvironmentinwhichgiftedchildrenagedbetweensevenandeighteencandeveloptheirskillstothefullundertheguidanceofprofessionalmusicians.”中文翻譯為：他們的目標是提供一個富有同情心的環(huán)境，讓7-18歲的超常兒童在專業(yè)音樂家的指導下充分發(fā)展他們的技能。sympathetic意為“富有同情心的”，判斷出答案為A項。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

3.寫作題

Inmanycountrieschildrenareengagedinsomekindofpaidwork.Somepeopleregardthisascompletelywrong,whileothersconsideritasvaluableworkexperience,importantforlearningandtakingresponsibility.Whatareyouropinionsonthis?Writeapassageonthetopicinabout200words.YoumustwriteclearlyandlogicallyonyourAnswerSheet.

【答案】略。

4.單選題

Thepost-WorldWarIIbaby___resultedina43%increaseinthenumberofteenagersinthe1960sand1970s.

問題1選項

A.boost

B.boom

C.production

D.prosperity

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項boost“推動；幫助；宣揚”；B選項boom“繁榮；（某種體育運動、音樂等）突然風靡的時期；吊桿；隆隆聲；水柵；帆桁”；C選項production“成果；產(chǎn)品；生產(chǎn)；作品”；D選項prosperity“繁榮，成功”。結合空格前baby，組成固定搭配babyboom“嬰兒潮；生育高峰”。句意：二戰(zhàn)后的嬰兒潮導致60年代和70年代的青少年人數(shù)增加了43%。B選項正確。

5.單選題

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasic______ofmatter,andthemiraclesoflife.

問題1選項

A.bacteria

B.constituents

C.erosion

D.contexts

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項bacteria“細菌”；B選項constituents“成分”；C選項erosion“侵蝕，腐蝕”；D選項contexts“環(huán)境，上下文”。句意：科學和技術的進步使我們能夠了解宇宙的邊陲、物質(zhì)最基本的……和生命的奇跡。根據(jù)matter（物質(zhì)）可推測與其搭配的是constituents。結合句意，A選項及C選項都可排除。D選項contexts（環(huán)境）也不能與matter（物質(zhì)）搭配，因此B選項為正確答案。

6.單選題

EuropaisthesmallestofplanetJupiter’sfourlargestmoonsandthesecondmoonoutfromJupiter.Until1979,itwasjustanotherastronomytextbookstatistiC.Thencametheclose-upimagesobtainedbytheexploratoryspacecraftVoyager2,andwithindays,Europawastransformed—inourperception,atleast—intooneofthesolarsystem’smostintriguingworlds.Thebiggestinitialsurprisewasthealmosttotallackofdetail,especiallyfromfaraway.Evenatcloserange,theonlyvisiblefeaturesarethin,kinkedbrownlinesresemblingcracksinaneggshell.Andthisanalogyisnotfaroffthemark.

ThesurfaceofEuropaisalmostpurewaterice,butanearlycompleteabsenceofcratersindicatesthatEuropa’ssurfaceiceresemblesEarth’sAntarcticicecap.Theeggshellanalogymaybequiteaccuratesincetheicecouldbeaslittleasafewkilometersthick—atrueshellaroundwhatislikelyasubsurfaceliquidoceanthat,inturn,encasesarockycore.TheinteriorofEuropahasbeenkeptwarmovertheeonsbytidalforcesgeneratedbythevaryinggravitationaltugsoftheotherbigmoonsastheywheelaroundJupiter.ThetidesonEuropapullandrelaxinanendlesscycle.Theresultinginternalheatkeepswhatwouldotherwisebeicemeltedalmosttothesurface.ThecracklikemarksonEuropa’sicyfaceappearstobefractureswherewaterorslushoozesfrombelow.

SoonafterVoyager2’sencounterwithJupiterin1979,whenthebestimagesofEuropawereobtained,researchersadvancedthestartlingideathatEuropa’ssubsurfaceoceanmightharborlife.LifeprocessescouldhavebegunwhenJupiterwasreleasingavaststoreofinternalheat.Jupiter'searlyheatwasproducedbythecompressionofthematerialformingthegiantplanet.JustastheSunisfarlessradianttodaythantheprimalSun,sotheinternalheatgeneratedbyJupiterisminorcomparedtoitsformerintensity.Duringthiswarmphase,some4.6billionyearsago,Europa’soceanmayhavebeenliquidrighttothesurface,makingitacrucibleforlife.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatastronomytextbookspriorto1979_____.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEuropaandAntarcticahaveincommonwhichofthefollowing?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheeffectofJupiter'sotherlargemoonsonEuropa?

5.Accordingtothepassage,Voyager2’simagesledresearcherstodevelopwhichofthefollowingtheories?

問題1選項

A.TheeffectofthetidesonEuropa’sinterior

B.TemperaturevariationsonJupiter’smoons

C.DiscoveriesleadingtoatheoryaboutoneofJupiter’smoons

D.TechniquesusedbyVoyager2toobtainclose-upimages

問題2選項

A.providedmanycontradictorystatisticsaboutEuropa

B.consideredEuropathemostimportantofJupiter'smoons

C.didnotemphasizeEuropabecauselittleinformationofinterestwasavailable

D.didnotmentionEuropabecauseithadnotyetbeendiscovered

問題3選項

A.Bothmayhavewaterbeneathathin,hardsurface

B.Bothappeartohaveasurfacewithmanycraters

C.Bothhaveanicecapthatismeltingrapidly

D.Bothhaveareasencasedbyarockyexterior

問題4選項

A.TheypreventtidesthatcoulddamageEuropa’ssurface

B.TheypreventEuropa’ssubsurfacewatersfromfreezing

C.TheyproducetheveryhardlayeroficethatcharacterizesEuropa

D.TheyassurethatthegravitationalpullonEuropaismaintainedatasteadylevel

問題5選項

A.Jupitermaybehottertodaythanitoncewas

B.Europaisfarolderthanscientistsoriginallythought

C.Europa’stemperatureismaintainedbyJupiter’svaststoreofinternalheat

D.TheoceanwatersofEuropacouldcontainsomeformsoflife

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文主要說明了一些關于木衛(wèi)二的理論，因此C選項“這些發(fā)現(xiàn)導致了關于木星一顆衛(wèi)星的理論”正確。A選項“潮汐對木衛(wèi)二內(nèi)部的影響”，B選項“木星衛(wèi)星上的溫度變化”，D選項“旅行者2號用來獲得特寫圖像的技術”對應的都是文章中的一段，不全面。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“EuropaisthesmallestofplanetJupiter’sfourlargestmoonsandthesecondmoonoutfromJupiter.Until1979,itwasjustanotherastronomytextbookstatistic.”，中文翻譯為：木衛(wèi)二是木星四個最大的衛(wèi)星中最小的，也是木星的第二個衛(wèi)星。直到1979年，這只是天文學教科書上的數(shù)據(jù)。知C選項“沒有強調(diào)木衛(wèi)二是因為沒有什么有趣的信息”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段“ThesurfaceofEuropaisalmostpurewaterice,butanearlycompleteabsenceofcratersindicatesthatEuropa’ssurfaceiceresemblesEarth’sAntarcticicecap.Theeggshellanalogymaybequiteaccuratesincetheicecouldbeaslittleasafewkilometersthick—atrueshellaroundwhatislikelyasubsurfaceliquidoceanthat,inturn,encasesarockycore.”，中文翻譯為：木衛(wèi)二的表面幾乎是純凈的水冰，但幾乎完全沒有隕石坑，這表明木衛(wèi)二的表面冰類似于地球的南極冰蓋。蛋殼的類比可能相當準確，因為冰層可能只有幾公里厚——一個真正的外殼，圍繞著一個可能是地下液態(tài)海洋的地方，而這個海洋反過來又包裹著一個巖石核心。因此，A選項“兩者在薄而堅硬的表面下都可能有水”正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段“Theresultinginternalheatkeepswhatwouldotherwisebeicemeltedalmosttothesurface.ThecracklikemarksonEuropa’sicyfaceappearstobefractureswherewaterorslushoozesfrombelow.”，中文翻譯為：由此產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)部熱量使原本可能是冰的東西幾乎融化到表面。在木衛(wèi)二冰冷的表面上有類似裂縫的痕跡，似乎是水或泥漿從下面滲出的裂縫。故B選項“它們可以防止木衛(wèi)二的地下水結冰?！弊罘项}意。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位尾段“SoonafterVoyager2’sencounterwithJupiterin1979,whenthebestimagesofEuropawereobtained,researchersadvancedthestartlingideathatEuropa’ssubsurfaceoceanmightharborlife.”，中文翻譯為：1979年，“旅行者2號”與木星相遇，獲得了木衛(wèi)二的最佳圖像，之后不久，研究人員提出了一個令人吃驚的想法，即木衛(wèi)二的地下海洋可能孕育著生命?？梢缘弥狣選項“木衛(wèi)二的海水可能含有某種生命形式?！闭_。

7.單選題

ItisMr.YorkwhobangsthedruminJohnKirkpatrick'sapparentlyauthentic,andcertainlysuitablebandmusic.

問題1選項

A.genuine

B.reliable

C.honest

D.automatic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項genuine“真實的，真正的；誠懇的”；B選項reliable“可靠的；可信賴的”；C選項honest“誠實的，實在的；可靠的；坦率的”；D選項automatic“自動的；無意識的；必然的”。句意：約克先生在約翰?柯克帕特里克(JohnKirkpatrick)的音樂中敲起了鼓，這顯然是真實的，當然也是合適的樂隊音樂。結合此處關鍵詞authentic“真正的，真實的；可信的”，得知A為正確答案。

8.單選題

TruthabouttheEnvironmentFormanyenvironmentalists,theworldseemstobegettingworse.Theyhavedevelopedahit-listofourmainfears:thatnaturalresourcesarerunningout,thatthepopulationisevergrowing,leavinglessandlesstoeat;thatspeciesarebecomingextinctinvastnumbers,andthattheplanet'sairandwaterarebecomingevermorepolluted.

Butaquicklookatthefactsshowsadifferentpicture.First,energyandothernaturalresourceshavebecomemoreabundant,notlessso,sincethebookTheLimitstoGrowthwaspublishedin1972byagroupofscientists.Second,morefoodisnowproducedperheadoftheworld'spopulationthanatanytimeinhistory.Fewerpeoplearestarving.Third,althoughspeciesareindeedbecomingextinct,onlyabout0.7%ofthemareexpectedtodisappearinthenext50years,not25%-50%,ashassooftenbeenpredicteD.Andfinally,mostformsofenvironmentalpollutioneitherappeartohavebeenexaggerated,oraretransient—associatedwiththeearlyphasesofindustrializationandthereforebestcurednotbyrestrictingeconomicgrowth,butbyacceleratingit.Oneformofpollution—thereleaseofgreenhousegasesthatcausesglobalwarming—doesappeartobeaphenomenonthatisgoingtoextendwellintoourfuture,butitstotalimpactisunlikelytoposeadevastatingproblem.Abiggerproblemmaywellturnouttobeaninappropriateresponsetoit.

Yetopinionpollssuggestthatmanypeoplenurturethebeliefthatenvironmentalstandardsaredecliningandthreefactorsseemtocausethisdisjunctionbetweenperceptionandreality.

Oneisthelopsidednessbuiltintoscientificresearch.Scientificfundinggoesmainlytoareaswithmanyproblems.Thatmaybeawisepolicy,butitwillalsocreateanimpressionthatmanymorepotentialproblemsexistthanisthecase.

Secondly,environmentalgroupsneedtobenoticedbythemassmediA.Theyalsoneedtokeepthemoneyrollingin.Understandably,perhaps,theysometimesoverstatetheirarguments.In1997,forexample,theWorldWideFundforNatureissuedapressreleaseentitled:"Twothirdsoftheworld'sforestslostforever".Thetruthturnsouttobenearer20%.

Thethirdfactorispoorindividualperception.Peopleworrythattheendlessriseintheamountofstuffeveryonethrowsawaywillcausetheworldtorunoutofplacestodisposeofwaste.Yet,evenifAmerica'strashoutputcontinuestoriseasithasdoneinthepast,andeveniftheAmericanpopulationdoublesby2100,alltherubbishAmericaproducesthroughtheentire21stcenturywillstilltakeuponlyone-12,000thoftheareaoftheentireUnitedStates.

1.Thefirstparagraphintendstoshowthat___.

2.Thefactsandfiguresprovidedinparagraphtwosuggestthat___.

3.Inparagraphfour,thewriterexpresseshisconcernsabout___.

4.ThewriterquotesfromtheWorldWideFundforNaturetoillustratehow___.

5.Whatisthewriter'sviewofAmerica'swasteproblem?

問題1選項

A.theenvironmentisgettingworseandworse

B.theenvironmentproblemsinvolvemanyaspects

C.thewriterdoesnotagreewiththestatements

D.thewriterdrawsapictureofenvironmentproblems

問題2選項

A.thereisamismatchbetweenourunderstandingandreality

B.thebookTheLimitstoGrowthisvaluable

C.thereisaneedtoconductasurveyandcorrectthefigures

D.economicgrowthcanhelpalleviateenvironmentproblems

問題3選項

A.theneedtoproduceresults

B.thelackoffinancialsupport

C.theproblemofscientificresearch

D.thedesiretosolveallproblems

問題4選項

A.influentialthemassmediacanbe

B.effectiveenvironmentalmovementscanbe

C.themassmediacanhelpenvironmentalgroupsraisefunds

D.environmentalactivistscanexaggeratetheirclaims

問題5選項

A.ItwillgetworseasAmerica'spopulationincreases

B.Itisnotasseriousashasbeenassumedtobe

C.Itiscausedbypoorpeople'sconception

D.ItisignoredbecauseUSAislargeinsize

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Theyhavedevelopedahit-listofourmainfears:thatnaturalresourcesarerunningout,thatthepopulationisevergrowing,leavinglessandlesstoeat;thatspeciesarebecomingextinctinvastnumbers,andthattheplanet'sairandwaterarebecomingevermorepolluted.”中文翻譯為：他們列出了我們主要擔心的一系列問題：自然資源正在枯竭，人口不斷增長，留下越來越少的食物；物種正在大量地滅絕，地球的空氣和水正變得越來越污染。因此答案為B選項：環(huán)境問題涉及很多方面。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中“Andfinally,mostformsofenvironmentalpollutioneitherappeartohavebeenexaggerated,oraretransient—associatedwiththeearlyphasesofindustrializationandthereforebestcurednotbyrestrictingeconomicgrowth,butbyacceleratingit.”中文翻譯為：最后，大多數(shù)形式的環(huán)境污染要么是被夸大了，要么是暫時的——與工業(yè)化的早期階段有關，因此最好的解決辦法不是限制經(jīng)濟增長，而是加速經(jīng)濟增長?？芍狣項“經(jīng)濟增長有助于緩解環(huán)境問題”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段“Oneisthelopsidednessbuiltintoscientificresearch.Scientificfundinggoesmainlytoareaswithmanyproblems.Thatmaybeawisepolicy,butitwillalsocreateanimpressionthatmanymorepotentialproblemsexistthanisthecase.”中文翻譯為：一是科學研究固有的不平衡?？茖W基金主要用于有很多問題的領域。這或許是一項明智的政策，但它也會給人留下這樣一種印象，即存在的潛在問題要比實際情況多得多。因此，C選項“科學研究問題”最符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第五段“Secondly,environmentalgroupsneedtobenoticedbythemassmedia.Theyalsoneedtokeepthemoneyrollingin.Understandably,perhaps,theysometimesoverstatetheirarguments.In1997,forexample,theWorldWideFundforNatureissuedapressreleaseentitled:"Twothirdsoftheworld'sforestslostforever".Thetruthturnsouttobenearer20%.”，中文翻譯為：其次，環(huán)保組織需要被大眾媒體關注。他們還需要讓資金源源不斷地流入?；蛟S可以理解，他們有時會夸大自己的論點。例如，1997年，世界自然基金會發(fā)表了一份題為“世界森林的三分之二永遠消失”的新聞稿。事實是接近20%。

故D選項“環(huán)保人士可能會夸大他們的說法”最符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到尾段“Thethirdfactorispoorindividualperception.Peopleworrythattheendlessriseintheamountofstuffeveryonethrowsawaywillcausetheworldtorunoutofplacestodisposeofwaste.Yet,evenifAmerica'strashoutputcontinuestoriseasithasdoneinthepast,andeveniftheAmericanpopulationdoublesby2100,alltherubbishAmericaproducesthroughtheentire21stcenturywillstilltakeuponlyone-12,000thoftheareaoftheentireUnitedStates.”中文翻譯為：第三個因素是個體知覺差。人們擔心，每個人都扔掉的東西的數(shù)量無止境的增加，將導致世界耗盡處理垃圾的地方。然而，即使美國的垃圾產(chǎn)量像過去一樣繼續(xù)增長，即使美國人口到2100年翻一番，美國在整個21世紀所產(chǎn)生的垃圾仍只占美國國土面積的1/12000?？梢缘弥狟項“它不像人們認為的那樣嚴重”最符合。

9.單選題

Weknowthatchronicpaincandisruptaperson’slife,causingproblemsthatrangefrommissedworktodepression.

問題1選項

A.short-term

B.acute

C.bitter

D.long-lasting?

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項short-term“短期的”；B選項acute“嚴重的，[醫(yī)]急性的；敏銳的；激烈的；尖聲的”；C選項bitter“苦的；痛苦的；尖刻的；充滿仇恨的”；D選項long-lasting“持久的；長期的，持續(xù)時間長的”。句意：我們知道，慢性疼痛會擾亂一個人的生活，導致從曠工到抑郁等一系列問題。結合此處關鍵詞chronic“慢性的；長期的；習慣性的”，得知D選項正確。

10.單選題

In___timeshumanbeingsdidnottravelforpleasurebuttofindamorefavorableclimate.

問題1選項

A.prime

B.primitive

C.primary

D.preliminary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項prime“主要的；最好的；基本的”；B選項primitive“原始的，遠古的；簡單的，粗糙的”；C選項primary“主要的；初級的；基本的”；D選項preliminary“初步的；開始的；預備的”。句意：在原始時代，人類旅行不是為了娛樂，而是為了尋找更適宜的氣候。因此B選項正確。

11.單選題

Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.

問題1選項

A.operate

B.contribute

C.monitor

D.send

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項operate“操作；經(jīng)營；引起；行動”；B選項contribute“貢獻，出力；投稿；捐獻”；C選項monitor“監(jiān)控”；D選項send“發(fā)送，寄；派遣；使進入；發(fā)射”。句意：然后，她可以在電腦屏幕上操縱3d圖像，繪制出最短、侵襲性最小的腫瘤手術路徑。結合此處關鍵短語maptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpath“繪制出最短、侵襲性最小的腫瘤手術路徑”，得知A選項最符合句意。

12.單選題

Mybosshasalwaysattendedtothe___ofimportantbusinesshimself.

問題1選項

A.transaction

B.stimulation

C.transition

D.solution

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項transaction“交易；事務；辦理；會報，學報”；B選項stimulation“刺激；激勵，鼓舞”；C選項transition“過渡；轉(zhuǎn)變；[分子生物]轉(zhuǎn)換；變調(diào)”；D選項solution“解決方案；溶液；溶解；解答”。句意：我的老板總是親自處理重要事務。A選項正確。

13.單選題

Bybeingover-zealouswithfoodrestriction,thedieterinadvertentlymakesabingeonforbiddenfoodsfarmorelikelyandyoumayaswellforgettheideaofbanningthings.

問題1選項

A.mayproperly

B.hadbetter

C.shouldsurely

D.mayprobably

【答案】B

【解析】A選項mayproperly“適當?shù)亍保籅選項hadbetter“最好”；C選項shouldsurely“應該”；D選項mayprobably“也許可能”。句意：過度熱衷于限制食物，節(jié)食者很可能會無意中暴飲暴食，你最好還是忘記禁食的想法。結合此處關鍵詞mayaswell“最好”，得知B為正確答案。

14.單選題

Threelaboureconomistssuggestthateffortatworkiscorrelatedwithrace.Afterrejectinganumberof1explanationsforwhythismightbe,theyfinally2thediscrepancytounexplained“culturaldifferences”.Acutely3ofthesensitivityofthesefindings,theydelayedpublicationuntilafterthe4election.Thepapermayyetbe5onbythosewhoarekeentorootout“politicalcorrectness”andareunhappywithcurrentanti-discriminationlaws.Thestudy’smethodisstraightforwarD.Thedatacomefromnearly36,000“dailydiaries”,self-reportingonhowAmericansspenttheirworkinghours,6from2003to2012.Relyingonthe7thatworkersareequallyhonestinadmittingsloth,theauthorscalculatethefractionoftimespentnotworkingwhileonthejob-spent-relaxingoreating,say-andfindthatitvariesbyracetoasmallbut8significantdegree.Thegapremains,albeitinweakerform,evenwiththeadditionofextensivecontrolsforgeography,9andunionstatus,amongothers.Non-whitemaleworkersspendan101.1%ofthedaynotworkingwhileonthejob,oranextrafiveminutesperday.

問題1選項

A.excusable

B.plausible

C.rational

D.accountable

問題2選項

A.subscribe

B.confer

C.due

D.attribute

問題3選項

A.aware

B.conscious

C.knowing

D.ignorant

問題4選項

A.president

B.presidency

C.presidential

D.presiding

問題5選項

A.attacked

B.seized

C.criticized

D.pin-downed

問題6選項

A.responded

B.documented

C.gathered

D.collected

問題7選項

A.assumption

B.resumption

C.thesis

D.hypothesis

問題8選項

A.datum

B.statistic

C.presumably

D.statistically

問題9選項

A.industry

B.province

C.faculty

D.discrepancy

問題10選項

A.adding

B.additional

C.deduction

D.induction

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:B

【解析】1.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項excusable“可原諒的；可辯解的；可免除的”；B選項plausible“看似可信的；花言巧語的，巧言令色的”；C選項rational“合理的；理性的”；D選項accountable“有責任的；有解釋義務的”。根據(jù)上下文，以及關鍵字explanations（解釋），可推測經(jīng)濟學家拒絕了許多合理的解釋，由此可推測C選項正確。

2.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項subscribe“簽署；贊成；捐助”；B選項confer“授予；給予”；C選項dueto“由于；應歸于”；D選項attribute“歸屬；把……歸于”。根據(jù)上下文，以及關鍵字discrepancy“矛盾”，可排除A、B選項，C選項due不能作為動詞使用，也可排除。由此D選項正確。

3.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項aware“意識到的；知道的”；B選項conscious“意識到的；故意的；神志清醒的”；C選項knowing“明知的，故意的；認知的”；D選項ignorant“無知的；愚昧的”。根據(jù)關鍵字sensitivity（敏感性）判斷出這幾位科學家意識到這類發(fā)現(xiàn)有“敏感性”，以及后文theydelayedpublication（他們推遲出版）可排除C、D選項，B選項conscious（指內(nèi)心的感覺，強調(diào)深刻的心理活動）因此也可排除，A選項aware（側重感知，多與of連用），因此A選項正確。

4.考查近義詞詞義辨析。A選項president“總統(tǒng)；董事長；校長”；B選項presidency“總統(tǒng)（或董事長、會長、大學校長等）的職位（任期）”；C選項presidential“總統(tǒng)的；首長的；統(tǒng)轄”；D選項presiding“主持；擔任（會議）主席”。根據(jù)關鍵詞the…election（選舉）可排除D選項，B選項presidency（總統(tǒng)的職位）強調(diào)職位，也可排除，A選項president（總統(tǒng)）為名詞，也可排除，中文翻譯為：直到總統(tǒng)選舉結束。判斷出此處C選項正確。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項attacked“攻擊；侵害”；B選項seized“逮??；咬住”；C選項criticized“批評”；D選項pin-downed“發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明；確定；使受約束”。句意：這份報告可能會被那些熱衷于根除“政治正確性”并對現(xiàn)行反歧視法不滿的人所利用。判斷出B選項正確。

6.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項responded“回答，回報；反應”；B選項documented“記錄”；C選項gathered“聚集”；D選項collected“收藏；聚集；聚積”。句意：他的數(shù)據(jù)來自于2003年至2012年收集的近36000份“每日日記”，這些日記是關于美國人如何度過工作時間的。根據(jù)關鍵詞data（數(shù)據(jù)），A選項可排除。B選項，文中不是他本人所記錄的，也可排除。C選項“gathered”，表示由少到多的收集，不符合題意，可排除。D選項“collect”表示有目的或有挑選的收集，可知D選項正確。

7.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項assumption“假定；設想；擔任”；B選項resumption“恢復；重新開始；取回；重獲”；C選項thesis“論文；論點”；D選項hypothesis“（憑空的）猜想”。根據(jù)下文workersareequallyhonestinadmittingsloth（工人們同樣坦誠地承認自己懶惰）可排除B、C選項。D選項hypothesis（憑空的）猜想也可排除，可知A選項正確。

8.考查詞義辨析。A選項datum“數(shù)據(jù)，資料；基準點”；B選項statistic“統(tǒng)計資料；統(tǒng)計學”；C選項presumably“大概；推測起來；可假定”；D選項statistically“統(tǒng)計地；統(tǒng)計學上”。根據(jù)關鍵詞significant（有意義的）可知前面應填副詞，可排除A、B選項，C選項與文中significant不匹配，因此D選項正確。

9.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項industry“產(chǎn)業(yè)；工業(yè)；勤勉”；B選項province“??；領域；職權”；C選項faculty“科，系；能力”；D選項discrepancy“不符；矛盾；相差”。根據(jù)關鍵詞geography（地理）以及unionstatus（工會地位）可推測，中間應填一個與其意思相近的名詞，根據(jù)上下文，可知A選項正確。

10.考查詞義辨析。A選項adding“增加”；B選項additional“附加的，額外的”；C選項deduction“扣除，減除；推論”；D選項induction“感應；歸納法；感應現(xiàn)象”。根據(jù)關鍵詞“an”可排除C選項，根據(jù)1.1%可知應填形容詞進行修飾，因此可排除A、D選項?？芍狟選項正確。

15.單選題

Weoften______ourenergiesintrivialoccupations.

問題1選項

A.dissipated

B.indulged

C.unscrambled

D.took

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項dissipated“消散；浪費”；B選項indulged“沉溺；滿足；放任”；C選項unscrambled“使……還原；譯出；理順，理清”；D選項took“拿；??；接受”。句意：我們經(jīng)常……我們的精力在瑣碎的工作上。根據(jù)單詞trivialoccupations（瑣碎的工作），可推測我們經(jīng)常會浪費我們的精力在一些瑣碎的工作上，結合此處語境，選項A為正確答案。

16.單選題

Inasense,thenewprotectionismisnotprotectionismatall,atleastnotinthetraditionalsenseoftheterm.Theoldprotectionismreferredonlytotraderestrictingandtradeexpandingdevices,suchasthetarifforexportsubsidy.Thenewprotectionismismuchbroaderthanthis:itincludesinterventionsintoforeigntradebutisnotlimitedtothem.Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionintotheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade.Theemphasisontradeisstillthere,thuscametheterm“protection.”Butwhatisnewistherealizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.

TheemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworldreflectsthevictoryoftheinterventionist,orwelfareeconomyoverthemarketeconomy.JabTumilerwrites,“Theoldprotectionism...coexisted,withoutanyapparentintellectualdifficultywiththeacceptanceofthemarketasanationalaswellasaninternationaleconomicdistributionmechanism-indeed,protectionistsaswellas(ifnotmorethan)freetradersstoodforlaissezfaire.Now,asinthe1930s,protectionismisanexpressionofaprofoundskepticismastotheabilityofthemarkettodistributeresourcesandincomestosocieties’satisfaction.”Itispreciselythisprofoundskepticismofthemarketeconomythatisresponsiblefortheprotectionism.Inamarketeconomy,economicchangeofvariouscolorsimpliesredistributionofresourcesandincomes.Thesameopinioninmanycommunitiesapparentlyisthatsuchredistributionsoftenarenotproper.Therefore,thegovernmentinterv