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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Aperson’soptimismlevelchangesovertheyears,dependingonwhat’shappeningintheirlife,thetypeofpeopletheysocializeandhowdeterminedtheyaretomotivatethemselves.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.overtheyears

B.dependingon

C.socialize

D.howdetermined

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。Socialize在句子中是動(dòng)詞原形,表示“交際”;而該句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,所以socialize不能用動(dòng)詞原形的形式,根據(jù)它的邏輯主語(yǔ)they可知,它們之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此這里要把socialize改為socializing做定語(yǔ)修飾thetypeofpeople。句意:一個(gè)人的樂(lè)觀水平會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而改變,這取決于他們生活中發(fā)生的事情、他們所交往的人的類型以及他們激勵(lì)自己的決心。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Theelectronicallydevelopedcountriesare______nothinglessthantheabandonmentofreadingandwritingofwrittenlanguageitself,andinitsplace,therecreationoforalculture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accessing

B.evolving

C.witnessing

D.misleading

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)access“接近,使用,訪問(wèn)”,B項(xiàng)evolve“發(fā)展,進(jìn)化,使逐步形成”,C項(xiàng)witness“目擊,見證,為……作證”,D項(xiàng)mislead“誤導(dǎo),帶錯(cuò)”。根據(jù)空格后的賓語(yǔ)nothinglessthantheabandonmentofreadingandwritingofwrittenlanguageitself“對(duì)書面語(yǔ)言本身的閱讀和書寫的完全拋棄”可知,“目睹、見證”符合語(yǔ)境。句意:在電子發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家,人們目睹了對(duì)書面語(yǔ)言本身的閱讀和書寫的拋棄,取而代之的是口頭文化的再造。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thefamilyisalsotheinstitutionwheremostofus,bothaschildrenandasparents,acquireasenseofcontinuitywiththepastandasenseof______tothefuture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ideology

B.commitment

C.prophecy

D.reverence

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)ideology“意識(shí)形態(tài),思想意識(shí),觀念學(xué)”,B項(xiàng)commitment“承諾,保證,委托”,C項(xiàng)prophecy“預(yù)言,預(yù)言書,預(yù)言能力”,D項(xiàng)reverence“崇敬,尊嚴(yán),敬禮”。根據(jù)continuitywiththepast“對(duì)過(guò)去的延續(xù)”對(duì)應(yīng)可知,______tothefuture應(yīng)該表示“對(duì)未來(lái)的承諾”。句意:家庭也是我們大多數(shù)人,無(wú)論是作為兒童還是作為父母,獲得對(duì)過(guò)去的延續(xù)感和對(duì)未來(lái)的承諾感的機(jī)構(gòu)。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Becauseitwasverycontagious,everyoneinthefamilywasverymuchworried.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.superfluous

B.paternal

C.infectious

D.sanitary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。contagious表示“感染性的,會(huì)蔓延的”;A項(xiàng)superfluous“多余的,不必要的,奢侈的”,B項(xiàng)paternal“父親的,得自父親的”,C項(xiàng)infectious“傳染的,傳染性的”,D項(xiàng)sanitary“衛(wèi)生的,清潔的”。句意:因?yàn)樗膫魅拘院軓?qiáng),家里的每個(gè)人都很擔(dān)心。根據(jù)句意可知,C項(xiàng)的意思符合句子。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Sowideisitssweepthat345millionpeopleuseEnglishastheirfirstlanguageandanadditional400millionastheirsecond.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.range

B.power

C.vigor

D.expansion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)range“范圍;幅度;山脈”;B選項(xiàng)power“力量;電力”;C選項(xiàng)vigor“活力;精力”;D選項(xiàng)expansion“膨脹”。句意:英語(yǔ)的……是如此之廣,以至于3.45億人將英語(yǔ)作為第一語(yǔ)言,另外還有4億人將英語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言。由關(guān)鍵信息sowide“如此廣泛”以及345millionpeopleuseEnglishastheirfirstlanguage“3.45億人將英語(yǔ)當(dāng)成第一語(yǔ)言使用”,可知本句是在講英語(yǔ)的普及范圍廣。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

TheEnglishteacherpausedafewseconds______themosteffectivewordtoexpresshismeaning.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.embarkingon

B.embroilingin

C.branchingout

D.gropingfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A項(xiàng)embarkon“從事,著手,登上船”,B項(xiàng)embroilin“使(自己或某人)卷入,牽連”,C項(xiàng)branchout“長(zhǎng)出枝條,擴(kuò)展范圍,偏離主題”,D項(xiàng)gropefor“探索”。由themosteffectiveword“最有效的詞”可知,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有g(shù)ropefor符合語(yǔ)境。句意:英語(yǔ)老師停頓了幾秒鐘,想找一個(gè)最有效的詞來(lái)表達(dá)他的意思。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Thefilmrecountsthestoryofayoungbeautifulwomanwhoplotsa______revengeonherunfaithfullover.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.miserly

B.dastardly

C.impotent

D.dissoluble

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)miserly“吝嗇的,貪婪的”,B項(xiàng)dastardly“卑鄙的,懦弱的”,C項(xiàng)impotent“無(wú)力的,無(wú)效的,虛弱的”,D項(xiàng)dissoluble“可分解的,可溶解的,可解除的”。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子缺少一個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞revenge“復(fù)仇,報(bào)仇”,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有“卑鄙的”符合語(yǔ)境。句意:這部電影講述了一個(gè)年輕美麗的女人計(jì)劃對(duì)她不忠的情人進(jìn)行卑鄙的報(bào)復(fù)的故事。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Computersystemsemploymanytacticstothwartunauthorizedaccess.Manycomputersystemsrequireausertoenterasecretpasswordtogainaccess.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.strengthen

B.prevent

C.supervise

D.restrict

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。thwart表示“挫敗,反對(duì),阻礙”;A項(xiàng)strengthen“加強(qiáng),鞏固”,B項(xiàng)prevent“預(yù)防,防止,阻止”,C項(xiàng)supervise“監(jiān)督,管理,指導(dǎo)”,D項(xiàng)restrict“限制,約束,限定”。句意:計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)采用許多策略來(lái)阻止未經(jīng)授權(quán)的訪問(wèn);許多計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)要求用戶輸入密碼才能進(jìn)入。因此,根據(jù)句意可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Duringthemonthsofmaximumprecipitation,broadareastraversedbytheAmazonaresubjecttoseverefloods.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.drowned

B.assaulted

C.crossed

D.eroded

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。traverse表示“穿過(guò),來(lái)回移動(dòng),反駁”;A項(xiàng)drown“淹沒(méi),把……淹死”,B項(xiàng)assault“攻擊,襲擊”,C項(xiàng)cross項(xiàng)“穿越,越過(guò),橫過(guò)”,D項(xiàng)erode“腐蝕,侵蝕”。句意:在降雨量最大的幾個(gè)月里,亞馬遜河流經(jīng)的廣大地區(qū)會(huì)遭受嚴(yán)重的洪水。根據(jù)句意可知traverse在句中表示“途經(jīng)”,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是C項(xiàng)。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints—periods,countries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocedure:howoneinquiresintoahistoricalproblem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone’sfindings,whatconstitutesadmissibleandadequateproof.

Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalog:childhood,work,leisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrative,itisnowentirelyanalytic.Theoldquestions“Whathappened?”and“Howdidithappen?”havegivewaytothequestion“whydidithappen?”Prominentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestion“Why”ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.

Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.Butthispragmaticuseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintend.Theyarecommitted,notjusttopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.Thiscommitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstoodit.Psychohistoryderivesits“facts”notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessableby,allhistorians.Anditviolatesthebasictenetofhistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirtheses.Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe“deepest”explanationofanyeventandthatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.

Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory(inthesenseofthepropermodeofstudyingandwritingaboutthepast);italsoviolatesthepastitself.Itdeniestothepastanintegrityandwillofitsown,inwhichpeopleactedoutofavarietyofmotivesandinwhicheventshadamultiplicityofcausesandeffects.Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminationthatitimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.

17.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainpointofthepassage?

18.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatonewayinwhichtraditionalhistorycanbedistinguishedfrompsychohistoryisthattraditionalhistoryusually____________.

19.Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

20.Theauthorofthepassageputstheword“deepest”inPara.3inquotationmarksmostprobablyinorderto____________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theapproachofpsychohistorianstohistoricalstudyiscurrentlyinvogueeventhoughitlackstherigorandverifiabilityoftraditionalhistoricalmethod

B.Traditionalhistorianscanbenefitfromstudyingthetechniquesandfindingsofpsychohistorians.

C.Historyiscomposedofuniqueandnon-repeatingeventsthatmustbeindividuallyanalyzedonthebasisofpubliclyverifiableevidence

D.Thepsychologicalassessmentofanindividual’sbehaviorandattitudesismoreinformativethanthedetailsofhisorherdailylife

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.reliesonasingleinterpretationofhumanbehaviortoexplainhistoricalevents

B.interpretshistoricaleventsinsuchawaythattheirspecificnatureistranscended

C.viewspasteventsascomplexandhavingtheirownindividuality

D.turnstopsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontextstoaccountforevents

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Whataresomespecificexamplesoftheuseofpsychohistoryinhistoricalinterpretation?

B.Whendotraditionalhistoriansconsiderpsychologicalexplanationsofhistoricaldevelopmentsappropriate?

C.Whatsortofhistoricalfigureisbestsuitedforpsychologicalanalysis?

D.Whatisthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidencerequiredbytraditionalhistorians?

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.drawattentiontoacontradictioninthepsychohistorians’method

B.signalherreservationsabouttheaccuracyofpsychohistorians’claimfortheirwork

C.emphasizethemajordifferencebetweenthetraditionalhistorians’methodandthatofpsychohistorians

D.questiontheusefulnessofpsychohistorians’insightsintotraditionalhistoricalscholarship

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】17.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。第一段提出“歷史研究在傳統(tǒng)上的特點(diǎn)”;第二段講“現(xiàn)代歷史研究的特點(diǎn)和它與傳統(tǒng)歷史研究的不同點(diǎn)導(dǎo)致了心理歷史學(xué)的出現(xiàn),談及心理歷史學(xué)的流行性”;第三段與第四段講“心理歷史學(xué)研究的特點(diǎn)與相比傳統(tǒng)歷史研究的不足”。因此,總的來(lái)說(shuō),文章談及“心理歷史學(xué)家研究歷史的方式很流行,但是,相比傳統(tǒng)歷史研究,心理歷史研究有些不足”因此A選項(xiàng)“雖然缺乏傳統(tǒng)歷史研究方式的精確性和嚴(yán)密性,但是心理歷史學(xué)家研究歷史的方式很流行”正確,符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家可以從研究心理歷史學(xué)的方法和發(fā)現(xiàn)中獲得幫助”,C選項(xiàng)“歷史是由唯一的且不可重復(fù)性的事件構(gòu)成,并且這些事件須在公開可驗(yàn)證的證據(jù)基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行單獨(dú)分析”,D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)個(gè)人的行為和態(tài)度的心理評(píng)估比其日常生活的細(xì)節(jié)涵蓋的信息量更大”均未在文中提及,可排除。故選A。

18.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到最后一段中談及心理歷史學(xué)的不足。Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminismthatitimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.(它把決定當(dāng)前情況的決定論強(qiáng)加給過(guò)去,這就剝奪了人和事件的獨(dú)特性和復(fù)雜性。)Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.(它不是尊重過(guò)去的特殊性,而是把過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的所有事件都吸收到一個(gè)單一的決定論模式中,假設(shè)這個(gè)模式在任意時(shí)間和任意環(huán)境中都是正確的。)由此可以推論出傳統(tǒng)歷史的特點(diǎn)是認(rèn)為過(guò)去事件復(fù)雜且有各自個(gè)性。因此C選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為過(guò)去的事件是復(fù)雜的,有自己的個(gè)性”正確,符合題意。由第一段Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints—periods,countries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.(按傳統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō),歷史研究的邊界已固定,側(cè)重于時(shí)代,國(guó)家,大事件和重要領(lǐng)袖)可知A選項(xiàng)“依賴對(duì)人行為的單一解釋來(lái)解釋歷史事件”與原文不符,可排除。定位在第三段Psychohistoryderivesits“facts”notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.(心理歷史學(xué)不從歷史中尋找“事實(shí)”,(比如)對(duì)歷史事件及其影響的詳實(shí)完備的記錄,而來(lái)自對(duì)創(chuàng)造歷史的個(gè)體的精神分析,不從他們一生中的具體事件推導(dǎo)觀點(diǎn),而是來(lái)自超越歷史的人性觀。)可知,B選項(xiàng)“以超越歷史事件的特定本質(zhì)的方式來(lái)解釋歷史事件”屬于現(xiàn)代心理歷史學(xué)研究的特點(diǎn),可排除。由第三段第一與第二句Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.(心理史學(xué)不只是在歷史背景下使用心理學(xué)解釋。歷史學(xué)家總是在合適的時(shí)候和有足夠證據(jù)的時(shí)候使用這種解釋。)可知D選項(xiàng)“從心理學(xué)角度來(lái)解釋歷史背景下的事件”屬于傳統(tǒng)歷史研究和現(xiàn)代心理歷史學(xué)研究的共同特點(diǎn),并不是傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)所獨(dú)有的,可排除。故選C。

19.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位在第三段Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.(它(心理歷史學(xué))違背歷史學(xué)證據(jù)的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn):證據(jù)必須對(duì)所有的歷史學(xué)者公開,進(jìn)而被所有學(xué)者檢驗(yàn)。)可以推論出文章回答了傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家需要的歷史證據(jù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么這個(gè)問(wèn)題,因此D選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家所要求的歷史證據(jù)的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么?”正確,符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“從心理歷史學(xué)的角度對(duì)歷史進(jìn)行解釋的一些典型例子是什么?”B選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家什么時(shí)候認(rèn)為對(duì)歷史發(fā)展的心理學(xué)的解釋是合理的?”,C選項(xiàng)“什么類型的歷史人物最適合進(jìn)行心理學(xué)分析?”均未在文中有提及,可排除。故選D。

20.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由第三段中心理歷史學(xué)相比傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)的不足如Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.(它(心理歷史學(xué))違背歷史學(xué)證據(jù)的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn):證據(jù)必須對(duì)所有的歷史學(xué)者公開,進(jìn)而被所有學(xué)者檢驗(yàn)。)以及第三段中Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe“deepest”explanationofanyeventthatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.(心理歷史學(xué)家們都相信自己觀點(diǎn)的絕對(duì)正確,相信他們的觀點(diǎn)是對(duì)任何事件的“最深刻”的解釋而其他人的解釋都不是真相。)可知,作者在這里為deepest加引號(hào)的目的是對(duì)心理歷史學(xué)家對(duì)他們自己工作準(zhǔn)確性的宣稱不贊成,但是沒(méi)有直接提出反對(duì),只是持有保留態(tài)度。因此B選項(xiàng)“表明她對(duì)心理歷史學(xué)家對(duì)他們工作的準(zhǔn)確性持保留意見”,正確,符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)心理歷史學(xué)家方法中的一個(gè)矛盾引起注意”,C選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家的方法與心理歷史學(xué)家的方法的主要區(qū)別”,D選項(xiàng)“質(zhì)疑心理歷史學(xué)家對(duì)傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)術(shù)的見解的有效性”均不符合題意,可排除。故選B。

11.單選題

Peoplewhohavesuchanaddictionare______;i.e.,theyhaveaverypowerfulpsychologicalneedthattheyfeeltheymustsatisfy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compulsory

B.compulsive

C.comprehensive

D.consistent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)compulsory“(因法律或規(guī)則而)被強(qiáng)制的,義務(wù)的,必修的”,B項(xiàng)compulsive“強(qiáng)制的,強(qiáng)迫的,禁不住的”,指行為很難控制,C項(xiàng)comprehensive“綜合的,廣泛的,有理解力的”,D項(xiàng)consistent“始終如一的,一致的,堅(jiān)持的”。由addiction“癮,嗜好”可知,compulsive符合語(yǔ)境。句意:有這種癖好的人是強(qiáng)迫性的;也就是說(shuō),他們有一種非常強(qiáng)烈的心理需求,他們覺(jué)得必須要滿足這種需求。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

TheEuropeanUnionrevealedonJanuary23thhowitplanstosavetheworld.Amammothclimate-changeplanspellsoutindetailhowmuchpaineachofits27memberswillhavetobeariftheEUistomeetambitioustargetssetbynationalleaderslastMatch.

Theaimistocutgreenhouse-gasemissionsby2020byatleastafifth,andmorethandoubleto20%theamountofenergyproducedfromrenewablesourcessuchaswindorwavepower.Iffuelfromplantsprovesgreenenough,10%ofthefuelusedintransportmustcomefrombiofuelsbythesamedate.Thenewplanturnsthesegoalsintonationaltargets.Thiswillsurelystartmuchgrumblingandmonthsofhorse-trading,astheEuropeanCommission’srecommendationsareturnedintobindinglawbynationalgovernmentsandtheEuropeanParliament.

Countrieswithgreeneryintheirveinsarebeingaskedtotakemoreoftheburdenthannewermembers.Sweden,forexample,isbeinginvitedtomeet49%ofitsenergyfromrenewables.Attheotherend,Maltagetsarenewablestargetofjust10%.Itisasimilarstorywhenitcomestocuttinggreenhousegases:by2020,Denmarkmustcutemissionsby20%from2005levels;BulgariaandRomania,thenewestmembers,maylettheiremissionsriseby20%.

EUleadershiponclimatechangewillnotcomecheap.Thedirectcostsalonemaybee60billion($87billion),orabout0.5%oftotalEUGDP,by2020,saidthecommission’spresident,JoseManuelBarroso.Butthisisstillpresentedasabargaincomparedwiththecostofinaction,whichMrBarrosoputattentimesashigh.“Oh,leadingtheworldinthefightagainstclimatechangeneednotcostjobs,eveninthemostheavilypollutingbranchesofheavyindustry.WewanttokeepourindustryinEurope”,insistedMr.Barroso.

ThetricktoachievetheseeminglyimpossibletargetsistheEU’semissions-tradingscheme(ETS).ThisobligesbigpolluterssuchaspowercompaniesormanufacturinggiantstotradepermitsthatallowthemtoemitCO2andotherclimate-changenasties,withinasteadilytighteningoverallcap.IfcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesdonotsignbindinginternationalagreementsby2011,thentheheaviestgreenhouse-gasemittersinsidetheEUmaybegiventheseallowancesfree,thecommissionsuggests.Or,itthreatens,firmsoutsidetheEUcouldbeforcedtobuyETSpermits.

1.Toitsmembernations,theEU’splanmeans______.

2.Byusingsomedatainparagraph3,theauthor______.

3.AccordingtoMr.Barroso,heavyindustryintheEUcountrieswill______.

4.AccordingtotheEU’sETS,bigpolluters______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.afiercecompetition

B.anidealgoal

C.agoodopportunity

D.adifficulttask

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.givesanobjectivedescriptionofthetaskassignmentamongEUcountries

B.showsdisapprovalofallowingsomenationstoraisetheirCO2emissions

C.revealshispuzzlementaboutwhysomenationsaretodolessthanothers

D.presentshisadmirationforthosewhotakegreaterpainstosavetheworld

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.stopbeingthebiggestpolluter

B.beshortofskilledworkforce

C.continueoperating

D.reactwithinaction

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.shallbegivennopermitsuntil2011

B.havetopayfortheirexistence

C.willbeallowedafixedamountofemissions

D.canbenefitiftheychoosetobeinsidetheEU

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“對(duì)其成員國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō),歐盟的計(jì)劃意味著……”。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Amammothclimate-changeplanspellsoutindetailhowmuchpaineachofits27memberswillhavetobeariftheEUistomeetambitioustargetssetbynationalleaderslastMatch.(一項(xiàng)龐大的氣候變化計(jì)劃詳細(xì)說(shuō)明了如果歐盟想要實(shí)現(xiàn)各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在上一場(chǎng)比賽中設(shè)定的雄心勃勃的目標(biāo),其27個(gè)成員國(guó)將會(huì)承受多大的痛苦)和最后一段第一句ThetricktoachievetheseeminglyimpossibletargetsistheEU’semissions-tradingscheme(ETS).(達(dá)到這些似乎不可能的任務(wù)的竅門是歐盟的排放交易計(jì)劃)可推知,對(duì)歐盟的成員國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō),這一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃是很艱巨的任務(wù),D項(xiàng)“一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)”符合題意;A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”、B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)理想的目標(biāo)”和C項(xiàng)“一個(gè)很好的機(jī)會(huì)”都與文章不符,文章主要講述的是歐盟制定的拯救世界的計(jì)劃會(huì)需要其成員國(guó)更多的責(zé)任和代價(jià),是一個(gè)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的計(jì)劃。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“通過(guò)使用第三段中的一些數(shù)據(jù),作者……”。第三段主要圍繞綠色能源比重大的國(guó)家比其他國(guó)家被要求承擔(dān)更多的責(zé)任而進(jìn)行分析和具體說(shuō)明,作者在這里只是一個(gè)客觀的陳述,并未透露自己的情緒觀點(diǎn),A項(xiàng)“客觀描述了歐盟國(guó)家之間的任務(wù)分配”符合題意;B項(xiàng)“表示不贊成一些國(guó)家提高二氧化碳排放量”、C項(xiàng)“揭示了他對(duì)為什么有些國(guó)家比其他國(guó)家做得少的困惑”和D項(xiàng)“對(duì)那些為拯救世界付出更大努力的人表示欽佩”概括不正確。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“據(jù)巴羅佐先生說(shuō),歐盟國(guó)家的重工業(yè)將會(huì)……”。根據(jù)第四段巴羅佐先生說(shuō)的話Oh,leadingtheworldinthefightagainstclimatechangeneednotcostjobs,eveninthemostheavilypollutingbranchesofheavyindustry.WewanttokeepourindustryinEurope.(領(lǐng)導(dǎo)世界對(duì)抗氣候變化不需要以就業(yè)為代價(jià),即使是在污染最嚴(yán)重的重工業(yè),我們想留住歐洲的工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè))可知,歐盟國(guó)家的重工業(yè)將會(huì)繼續(xù),C項(xiàng)“繼續(xù)運(yùn)營(yíng)”正確;由此也可知A項(xiàng)“停止做最大的污染者”錯(cuò)誤;B項(xiàng)“缺少熟練勞動(dòng)力”沒(méi)有提到;由Butthisisstillpresentedasabargaincomparedwiththecostofinaction,whichMrBarrosoputattentimesashigh.(但與不作為的代價(jià)相比,這仍然是一筆便宜的交易,巴羅佐認(rèn)為不作為的代價(jià)是它的十倍)可知,不作為的代價(jià)很高,所以歐盟國(guó)家的重工業(yè)不會(huì)不作為,D項(xiàng)“不作為”錯(cuò)誤。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)歐盟排放交易體系,大污染企業(yè)……”。根據(jù)最后一段對(duì)歐盟排放交易體系的描述:ThisobligesbigpolluterssuchaspowercompaniesormanufacturinggiantstotradepermitsthatallowthemtoemitCO2andotherclimate-changenasties,withinasteadilytighteningoverallcap.IfcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesdonotsignbindinginternationalagreementsby2011,thentheheaviestgreenhouse-gasemittersinsidetheEUmaybegiventheseallowancesfree,thecommissionsuggests.Or,itthreatens,firmsoutsidetheEUcouldbeforcedtobuyETSpermits.(這就迫使電力公司等大型污染者或者制造巨頭交易許可證,以允許他們?cè)诜€(wěn)步收緊總體限制范圍內(nèi)排放二氧化碳和其他造成氣候變化的排放物。委員會(huì)暗示,如果像美國(guó)這樣的國(guó)家到2011年不簽署約束性國(guó)際協(xié)議,那么最大的溫室氣體排放國(guó)在歐盟可能會(huì)免費(fèi)得到準(zhǔn)許?;蛘?,委員會(huì)威脅到,歐盟以外的公司可能會(huì)被迫購(gòu)買ETS許可。),由此可以推理,大型污染企業(yè)如果選擇加入歐盟就能夠獲益,而不至于被迫購(gòu)買ETS許可,故D項(xiàng)“如果他們選擇留在歐盟,他們可以從中受益”正確;A項(xiàng)“在2011年之前都不會(huì)得到許可”表述不完全;B項(xiàng)“必須為他們的生存付出代價(jià)”概括不準(zhǔn)確;C項(xiàng)“將被允許一個(gè)固定的排放量”這是在加入歐盟的前提下才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Everyprofession,everyart,andeverysciencehasitstechnicalvocabulary,thefunctionofwhichispartlytodesignatethingsorprocesseswhichhavenonamesinordinaryEnglish,andpartlytosecuregreaterexactnessinnomenclature.Suchspecialdialects,orjargons,arenecessaryintechnicaldiscussionofanykind.Beinguniversallyunderstoodbythedevoteesoftheparticularscienceorart,theyhavetheprecisionofamathematicalformula.Besides,theysavetime,foritismuchmoreeconomicaltonameaprocessthantodescribeit.Thousandsofthesetechnicaltermsareveryproperlyincludedineverylargedictionary,yet,asawhole,theyareratherontheoutskirtsoftheEnglishlanguagethanactuallywithinitsborders.

Differentoccupations,however,differwidelyinthecharacteroftheirspecialvocabularies.Intradesandhandicraftsandothervocations,suchasfarmingandfishing,thathaveoccupiedgreatnumbersofmenfromremotetimes,thetechnicalvocabularyisveryold.Itconsistslargelyofnativewords,orofborrowedwordsthathaveworkedthemselvesintotheveryfiberofourlanguage.Hence,thoughhighlytechnicalinmanyparticulars,thesevocabulariesaremorefamiliarinsound,andmoregenerallyunderstoodthanmostothertechnicalities.Thespecialdialectsoflaw,medicine,divinity,andphilosophyhavealso,intheiroldstrata,becomeprettyfamiliartocultivatedpersons,andhavecontributedmuchtothepopularvocabulary.Yet,everyvocationstillpossessesalargebodyoftechnicaltermsthatremainessentiallyforeign,eventoeducatedspeech.Andtheproportionhasbeenmuchincreasedinthelastfiftyyears,particularlyinthevariousdepartmentsofnaturalandpoliticalscienceandinthemechanicarts.Herenewtermsarecoinedwiththegreatestfreedomandabandonedwithindifferencewhentheyhaveservedtheirturn.Mostofthenewcoinagesareconfinedtospecialdiscussionsandseldomgetintogeneralliteratureorconversation.Yet,noprofessionisnowadays,asallprofessionsoncewere,aclosedguild.Thelawyer,thephysician,thescientist,andtheclericassociatesfreelywithhisfellowcreatures,anddoesnotmeettheminamerelyprofessionalway.Furthermore,whatiscalledpopularsciencemakeseverybodyacquaintedwithmodernviewsandrecentdiscoveries.Anyimportantexperiment,thoughmadeinaremoteorprovinciallaboratory,isatoncereportedinthenewspapers,andeverybodyissoontalkingaboutit—asinthecaseoftheRoentgenraysandwirelesstelegraphy.Thus,ourcommonspeechisalwaystakingupnewtechnicaltermsandmakingthemcommonplace.

13.Theauthor’smainpurposeinthepassageisto__________.

14.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingspecialvocabulariesisunderstoodbymorepeople?

15.Whentheauthorreferstoprofessionsasnolongerbeing“closedguilds”hemeansthat_______.

16.Itseemsthatthepassageimplies__________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.proposeasolution

B.argueagainstabelief

C.describeaphenomenon

D.provideentertainment

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Medicalvocabulary.

B.Legalvocabulary.

C.Politicalvocabulary.

D.Agriculturalvocabulary.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itismucheasiertobecomeaprofessionaltodaythanitwasinthepast

B.thereismoresocialinteractionbetweenprofessionalsandothers

C.popularsciencehastoldtheirsecretstotheworld

D.anyonecannowunderstandanythinginaprofession

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thewordsoftheEnglishlanguagearealwayschanging

B.onecanneverbesureofwhatawordmeanswithoutconsultinganexpert

C.likeEnglish,alllanguagesarebecomingmoreandmoretechnical

D.technicaltermsinmostnon-scientificfieldshavelittlechanceofbecomingpartofthemainbodyofthelanguage

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】13.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。段首句Everyprofession,everyart,andeverysciencehasitstechnicalvocabulary,thefunctionofwhichispartlytodesignatethingsorprocesseswhichhavenonamesinordinaryEnglish,andpartlytosecuregreaterexactnessinnomenclature.(每一種職業(yè)、每一種藝術(shù)、每一門科學(xué)都有它的專業(yè)詞匯,其作用部分是用來(lái)指定在普通英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有名稱的事物或過(guò)程,部分是為了確保命名的更精確。)與結(jié)尾句Thus,ourcommonspeechisalwaystakingupnewtechnicaltermsandmakingthemcommonplace.(因此,我們的日常用語(yǔ)總是會(huì)接受新的技術(shù)術(shù)語(yǔ),并使它們變得司空見慣。)掃描全文可知,文中主要對(duì)技術(shù)術(shù)語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了介紹和描述。因此C選項(xiàng)“描述一種現(xiàn)象”正確,符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“提出一種解決方案”,B選項(xiàng)“辯論一種看法”,D選項(xiàng)“提供娛樂(lè)”均不符合題意,可排除。故選C。

14.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段中談及Intradesandhandicraftsandothervocations,suchasfarmingandfishing,thathaveoccupiedgreatnumbersofmenfromremotetimes,thetechnicalvocabularyisveryold.(在貿(mào)易、手工業(yè)和其他職業(yè)中,例如農(nóng)業(yè)和漁業(yè),這些從遙遠(yuǎn)的時(shí)代就占據(jù)了大量的人口,技術(shù)詞匯非常古老。)以及后文Hence,thoughhighlytechnicalinmanyparticulars,thesevocabulariesaremorefamiliarinsound,andmoregenerallyunderstoodthanmostothertechnicalities.(因此,盡管這些詞匯(農(nóng)業(yè)和漁業(yè))的詞匯在許多細(xì)節(jié)上具有很高的技術(shù)性,但它們?cè)谧x音上更為人所熟知,也比大多數(shù)其他技術(shù)性詞匯更為通俗易懂。)由此可知,讓更多人知道的特殊表達(dá)應(yīng)該是與農(nóng)業(yè)和漁業(yè)有關(guān)的詞匯。因此D選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)業(yè)詞匯”正確,符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯”,B選項(xiàng)“法律詞匯”,C選項(xiàng)“政治詞匯”均不符合題意,可排除。故選D。

15.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由關(guān)鍵詞定位在最后一段Yet,noprofessionisnowadays,asallprofessionsoncewere,aclosedguild.(然而,如今沒(méi)有一種職業(yè)像所有職業(yè)曾經(jīng)那樣,是一個(gè)封閉的公會(huì)。)Thelawyer,thephysician,thescientist,andtheclericassociatesfreelywithhisfellowcreatures,anddoesnotmeettheminamerelyprofessionalway.(律師和物理學(xué)家,以及科學(xué)家和牧師能自由地與同伴結(jié)交,并且在專業(yè)區(qū)域之外也能會(huì)面。)Furthermore,whatiscalledpopularsciencemakeseverybodyacquaintedwithmodernviewsandrecentdiscoveries.(此外,被稱為通俗科學(xué)的東西使得每個(gè)人都熟悉時(shí)髦的觀點(diǎn)和最近的發(fā)現(xiàn)。)因此,不再是closedguilds“封閉的公會(huì)”是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在不同專業(yè)的人之間也可以互相交流了。因此B選項(xiàng)“專業(yè)人員和其它人之間有更多的社交互動(dòng)”正確,符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“如今相比過(guò)去更容易變成一位專業(yè)人員”,C選項(xiàng)“大眾科學(xué)已經(jīng)將他們的秘密告知了世界”,D選項(xiàng)“任何人如今都能理解一個(gè)專業(yè)方面的任何事情”,均不符合題意,可排除。故選B。

16.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位在最后一段Thus,ourcommonspeechisalwaystakingupnewtechnicaltermsandmakingthemcommonplace.(因此,我們的通用語(yǔ)一直在吸收新的技術(shù)術(shù)語(yǔ),并讓它們變成通用語(yǔ))。可以知道我們所說(shuō)的通用語(yǔ)都是將新的詞匯融入后而形成的。因此A選項(xiàng)“英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言詞匯一直都在變化”正確,符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“在不咨詢專家的情況下,一個(gè)人從不能確定一個(gè)單詞的意思”,C選項(xiàng)“如英語(yǔ)一樣,所有的語(yǔ)言正變得越來(lái)越專業(yè)”,D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)非科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)術(shù)語(yǔ)很少有機(jī)會(huì)變成語(yǔ)言主體的一部分”。B,C,D選項(xiàng)均未在文中提及,可排除。故選A。

14.單選題

Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.retarding

B.perusing

C.detaining

D.attaining

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)retard“延遲,阻止,妨礙”,B項(xiàng)peruse“詳細(xì)考察,精讀”,C項(xiàng)detain“拘留,留住,耽擱”,D項(xiàng)attain“達(dá)到,實(shí)現(xiàn),獲得”。由afun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappiness“充滿樂(lè)趣、沒(méi)有痛苦的生活等于幸福”,結(jié)合actually“實(shí)際上”可知,reducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness表示“減少獲得真正幸福的機(jī)會(huì)”符合語(yǔ)境。句意:人們相信充滿樂(lè)趣、沒(méi)有痛苦的生活就等于幸福,這實(shí)際上減少了他們獲得真正幸福的機(jī)會(huì)。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Menoccasionallystumbleoverthetruth,butmostofthempickthemselvesupandhurryoffasifnothingeverhappened.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stopover

B.takeover

C.tripover

D.slideover

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)stopover“中途停留;暫留”;B選項(xiàng)takeover“接管;接收”;C選項(xiàng)tripover“被……絆倒”;D選項(xiàng)slideover“略過(guò);回避”。句意:人們偶爾會(huì)在真理面前……,但大多數(shù)人會(huì)爬起來(lái)就匆匆離去,好像什么事也沒(méi)有發(fā)生過(guò)。根據(jù)后面的關(guān)鍵信息pickthemselvesup“自己爬起來(lái)”,一般人們會(huì)在摔倒后自己爬起來(lái)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Inherlong,butultimatelytriumphantcareer,shehasbeenforcedtosmugglebirthcontrolsuppliesunderherclothing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forceful

B.insightful

C.successful

D.influential

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)forceful“強(qiáng)有力的;有說(shuō)服力的”;B選項(xiàng)insightful“有深刻見解的,富有洞察力的”;C選項(xiàng)successful“成功的;一帆風(fēng)順的”;D選項(xiàng)influential“有影響的;有勢(shì)力的”。句意:在她漫長(zhǎng)但最終……職業(yè)生涯中,她被迫在衣服下走私節(jié)育用品。前面一部分都是用來(lái)形容career“職業(yè)生涯”long“漫長(zhǎng)的”,在一個(gè)人的職業(yè)生涯中不可能永遠(yuǎn)是一帆風(fēng)順的,中途也會(huì)遇到挫折。butultimately“但是最終”有轉(zhuǎn)折可以知道最后的結(jié)果是美好的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Actorsonstagebringcharacterstofulllife,whowould______havelaininert/powerlessontheprintedpage.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thereof

B.nevertheless

C.furthermore

D.otherwise

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)thereof“它的,由此,在其中”,B項(xiàng)nevertheless“然而,不過(guò),雖然如此”,C項(xiàng)furthermore“此外,而且”,D項(xiàng)otherwise“否則,另外,在其他方面”。由bringcharacterstofulllife“把角色賦予生命”和havelaininert/powerlessontheprintedpage“靜靜地呆在書面上”可知,前后意義相對(duì),故otherwise符合語(yǔ)境。句意:舞臺(tái)上的演員使人物栩栩如生,否則這些人物就會(huì)毫無(wú)生氣地躺在紙上。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

18.翻譯題

Someparentsbelievethatsecuringadmissiontoatop-flightuniversityprovidesachildwithanirrevocablepassporttosuccess,guaranteeingalifeofuninterruptedeconomicmirth.ParentssuchastheseupwardlymobilechuckleheadsexudeanalmostPrussianbelligerencewhenannouncingtheirchildren’sdestinations,congratulatingthemselvesonajobwelldone,whileissuingasottovocetaunttoparentsofthelessgifted.Forthem,thehardpartofchildrearingisnowover.Juniorwenttotherightprepschool,madetherightfriends,signedupfortherightactivitiesandisnowheadedfortherightschool.NowwecangettheheckoutofhereandmovetoTuscany(anItalianregionknownforgorgeouslandscapes).

Butinreality,lifedoesn’tendatage17or21.Inreallife,somechildrengetthefinesteducationsbutstillbecomefist-classscrew-ups.Someofthoseboysandgirlsmostlikelytosucceedaregoingtoenduponwelfareorskidrow.Atwhichpointthey’llneedparentalinputorcash.Aparent’sresponsibilitydoesn’tendoncethekidsleave.Aparent’sresponsibilityneverends.That’swhyNaturegivesyouthejob.

【答案】一些家長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為,獲得一流大學(xué)的錄取為孩子提供了一張通往成功的無(wú)法改變的通行證,能保證一輩子財(cái)運(yùn)亨通,不會(huì)中斷。像這些社會(huì)地位向上流動(dòng)的傻瓜家長(zhǎng)們?cè)谛孀约汉⒆拥哪繕?biāo)、慶賀自己干了件好事的同時(shí),也在不知不覺(jué)地流露出一副普魯士似的好戰(zhàn),無(wú)聲地奚落了那些不是很有天賦的孩子們的家長(zhǎng)。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō),撫養(yǎng)孩子最艱難的階段已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。孩子中學(xué)上完后,上了合適的預(yù)備學(xué)校,交上正當(dāng)?shù)呐笥?,簽名參加合適的活動(dòng),現(xiàn)在又上了合適的學(xué)?!,F(xiàn)在我們可以離開這兒了,搬到托斯卡納區(qū)享受去。(意大利的一個(gè)地方,以美麗風(fēng)景而聞名)。

但事實(shí)上,現(xiàn)實(shí)生活并不是停止在17歲或21歲。在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,有些孩子得到了最好的教育,但仍然成為一流的失敗者。那些最有可能成功的男孩和女孩中,有一些最終將靠政府福利生活,或者淪落在貧民窟。這時(shí)他們就需要父母的投入或金錢。父母的責(zé)

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