兒科泌尿系統(tǒng)-Renal英文課件

Pediatric

RenalDiseasesDevelopmentaland

PhysiologicalAspects

1.Urinevolume:

Newborns1~3ml/kg/h

3~10d100~300ml/d

~2m250~400ml/d

~1y400~500ml/d~3y500~600ml/d

~5y600~800ml/d

~8y600~1000ml/d

~14y800~1400ml/d

>14y1000~1600ml/d

2.

Routineurinetest

2.1.Urinecolor--normallyyellow,

colorchangesmaybenormal

orabnormal

2.2.PH:normalrange5~7

2.3.Specificgravity

newborns–1.006~1.008,

>1yearold–1.011~1.025

2.4.Urineanalysis–freshlycollected

andcentrifugalurine

●RBC<3/hpf

●WBC<5/hpf

●Casts–cellular(RBC,WBC)and

granularcastsareabnormal,

hyalinecastscanbenormal

●

Crystals–phosphateanduratecrystalsmaybenormal

●Protein(Pro)–negative

●Sugar(Glu)

●

Ketones(Ket)

●Urobilinogen(Uro)

●Bilirubin(Bil)

3.Addiscount

RBC<50,0000,

WBC<1,000,000,Casts<5000

4.24htotalurinaryprotein

lessthan100mg/m2/d,

or<4mg/m2/h,

or<100mg/L,

or<150mg/d

Glomerular

Diseases

﹉Rapidlyprogressiveglomerulo-

nephritis(RPGN)

﹉Persistentglomerulonephritis

﹉Chronicglomerulonephritis

1.2.

Nephroticsyndrome(NS)

﹉SimpletapeNS

﹉NephritictapeNS

1.3.Asymptomatic(isolated)

hematuriaorproteinuria

1.4.Familialnephritis

2.Secondaryglomerular

diseases–itispartofmul-

tisystemdisorder,e.g.–2.1.HepatitisBvirusrelated

glomerulonephritis(HBV-GN)

2.2.

Purpuricnephritis

2.3.

Lupusnephritis(LN)

▲

Pathologicclassify

▲Immunopathologyclassify

AcuteGlomerulonephritis

(AGN)

Definition

Glomerulonephritisisa

variousgroupofdiseases–acute

nephriticsyndrome.

★Acutepoststreptococcal

glomerulonephritis,APSGN

(acutenephritis)

Etiology&Pathogenesis

●

Bacterial:▲groupAβ-

hemolyticstreptococci,

Staphylococci,

Pneumococci,

Gˉbacilli

●Viral:influenzavirus,

mumpsvirus,Coxsackie

virus,ECHOvirusand

EBV

●Otherpathogens

fungietc.

Circulatingimmunecomplexes

(CIC)

Antigens+antibodies

In