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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-鄭州大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
Painting,theexecutionofformsandshapesonasurfacebymeansofpigment,hasbeencontinuouslypracticedbyhumansforsome20,000years.Togetherwithotheractivities(1)ritualisticinoriginbuthavecometobedesignatedasartistic(suchasmusicordance),paintingwasoneoftheearliestwaysinwhichman(2)toexpresshisownpersonalityandhis(3)understandingofanexistencebeyondthematerialworld.(4)musicanddance,however,examplesofearlyformsofpaintinghavesurvivedtothepresentday.Themoderneyecanderiveaestheticaswellasantiquariansatisfaction(5)the15,000-year-oldcavemuralsofLascaux--someexamples(6)totheconsiderablepowersofdraftsmanshipoftheseearlyartists.Andpainting,likeotherarts,exhibitsuniversalqualitiesthat(7)forviewersofallnationsandcivilizationstounderstandandappreciate.
Themajor(8)examplesofearlypaintinganywhereintheworldarefoundinWesternEuropeandtheSovietUnion.Butsome5,000yearsago,theareasinwhichimportantpaintingswereexecuted(9)totheeasternMediterraneanSeaandneighboringregions.(10),WesternsharedaEuropeanculturaltradition--theMiddleEastandMediterraneanBasinand,later,thecountriesoftheNewWorld.
Westernpaintingisingeneraldistinguishedbyitsconcentration(11)therepresentationofthehuman(12),whetherintheheroiccontextofantiquityorthereligiouscontextoftheearlyChristianandmedievalworld.TheRenaissance(13)thistraditionthrougha(14)examinationofthenaturalworldandaninvestigationofbalance,harmony,andperspectiveinthevisibleworld,linkingpainting(15)thedevelopingsciencesofanatomyandoptics.Thefirstreal(16)fromfigurativepaintingcamewiththegrowthoflandscapepaintinginthe17thand18thcenturies.Thelandscapeandfigurativetraditionsdevelopedtogetherinthe19thcenturyinanatmospherethatwasincreasingly(17)“painterly”qualitiesofthe(18)oflightandcolorandtheexpressivequalitiesofpainthandling.Inthe20thcenturytheseinterests(19)tothedevelopmentofathirdmajortraditioninWesternpainting,abstractpainting,whichsoughtto(20)andexpressthetruenatureofpaintandpaintingthroughactionandform.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.mayhavebeen
B.thatmayhave
C.mayhave
D.thatmayhavebeen
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.seek
B.soughtfor
C.seekfor
D.sought
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.emergency
B.emerging
C.merging
D.merger
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.As
B.Like
C.Unlike
D.Since
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.for
B.to
C.into
D.from
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.ratify
B.certify
C.testify
D.gratify
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.makeiteasy
B.makeeasy
C.makehard
D.makeithard
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.extinct
B.extant
C.extent
D.exterior
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.hadshifted
B.shifted
C.shifting
D.haveshifted
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.Nevertheless
B.Moreover
C.Therefore
D.However
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.to
B.on
C.in
D.for
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.shadow
B.shape
C.figure
D.form
問題13選項(xiàng)
A.extracted
B.extruded
C.extorted
D.extended
問題14選項(xiàng)
A.close
B.closing
C.closed
D.closure
問題15選項(xiàng)
A.on
B.to
C.in
D.for
問題16選項(xiàng)
A.breakdown
B.breakage
C.break
D.breaking
問題17選項(xiàng)
A.concerning
B.concernedwith
C.concerningwith
D.concernedfor
問題18選項(xiàng)
A.reaction
B.action
C.relation
D.interaction
問題19選項(xiàng)
A.distributed
B.contributed
C.attributed
D.construed
問題20選項(xiàng)
A.uncover
B.discover
C.recover
D.cover
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:D
第6題:C
第7題:A
第8題:B
第9題:B
第10題:C
第11題:B
第12題:C
第13題:D
第14題:A
第15題:B
第16題:C
第17題:B
第18題:D
第19題:B
第20題:A
【解析】第1題:考查從句。本句主句paintingwasoneoftheearliestways...(繪畫是最早的方式之一),togetherwith副詞短語,不是從句的引導(dǎo)詞或者是連詞,因此這里不能引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語從句,排除A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng);空格后ritualistic(儀式的;固守儀式的;慣例的)是形容詞,要和be動(dòng)詞搭配;句意:和其他起源可能是儀式的活動(dòng),但后來被指定為藝術(shù)活動(dòng)(如音樂或舞蹈)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
第2題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。seek(尋求;尋找;探索;搜索)做及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語,用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),其主動(dòng)形式含有被動(dòng)意義,但是本句話表示主動(dòng)尋求,排除B、C選項(xiàng);根據(jù)主干部分時(shí)態(tài)was可排除A選項(xiàng)。句意:繪畫是人們尋求表現(xiàn)自己個(gè)性的最早的方式之一……;因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
第3題:考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)emergency“緊急的;備用的”;B選項(xiàng)emerging“走向成熟的;新興的”;C選項(xiàng)merging“合并;融入,融合(merge的現(xiàn)在分詞)”;D選項(xiàng)merger“合并;并購;吸收”;句意:他對(duì)物質(zhì)世界之外存在的領(lǐng)悟。根據(jù)空格前his(他的)和空格后understanding(諒解,理解;理解力;協(xié)議)可以判斷出空格處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)形容詞,排除C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)。本句表示“對(duì)物質(zhì)世界的領(lǐng)悟,即對(duì)物質(zhì)世界的新興的理解”;因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
第4題:考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)As“作為;以……身份;當(dāng)作;像,如同;當(dāng)……時(shí)”;B選項(xiàng)Like“像,如同;符合……的方式;有……的特點(diǎn);(用于詢問)……怎么樣;例如,好比”;C選項(xiàng)Unlike“不像,和……不同;與……不同,與……相反;非……的特征”;D選項(xiàng)Since“自……以后;(表示氣憤)何曾”;句意:然而,與音樂和舞蹈不同的是,早期的繪畫形式一直延續(xù)到今天。根據(jù)however可以得知此處表示“和……不同”;因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
第5題:考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)for“(表示對(duì)象、用途等)給,對(duì);為了;關(guān)于;代表”;B選項(xiàng)to“朝;位于……;到某處;到某狀態(tài);差;給;對(duì)于;比”;C選項(xiàng)into“到……里面”;D選項(xiàng)from“從……起;從……開始”;句意:從15000年歷史的拉斯科洞穴壁畫中,現(xiàn)代人既能獲得審美上的滿足,也能獲得古董收藏家的滿足。本句表示“從15000年歷史的拉斯科洞穴壁畫中”;因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
第6題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ratify“批準(zhǔn);認(rèn)可”;B選項(xiàng)certify“證明;保證”;C選項(xiàng)testify“證明,證實(shí);作證”;D選項(xiàng)gratify“使?jié)M足;使?jié)M意,使高興”;句意:一些例子證明了這些早期藝術(shù)家具有相當(dāng)強(qiáng)大的繪圖能力。本句表示“例子證明了……”;因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
第7題:考查形式賓語。句意:而繪畫,就像其他藝術(shù)一樣,展示出普遍的品質(zhì),使所有國家和文明的觀眾都容易理解和欣賞。根據(jù)前文exhibitsuniversalqualities(展示出普遍的品質(zhì))可知C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;當(dāng)不定式(短語)、動(dòng)名詞(短語)或從句在某個(gè)句子中作賓語時(shí),為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,避免句式結(jié)構(gòu)的混亂,常用it作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語放在句尾。此時(shí)it仍只起先行引導(dǎo)作用,本身無詞義,本句thatmakeiteasyforviewersofallnationsandcivilizationstounderstandandappreciate中tounderstandandappreciate才是真正的賓語,則要使用形式賓語it,排除B選項(xiàng);因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
第8題:考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)extinct“滅絕的,絕種的;熄滅的”;B選項(xiàng)extant“現(xiàn)存的;顯著的”;C選項(xiàng)extent“程度;范圍;長(zhǎng)度”;D選項(xiàng)exterior“外部的,外面的,外在的”;句意:世界上現(xiàn)存的早期繪畫作品主要集中在西歐和蘇聯(lián)。由早期繪畫作品主要集中在西歐和蘇聯(lián)可以得知B選項(xiàng)最合適;因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
第9題:考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:但大約5000年前,重要繪畫作品的創(chuàng)作地點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到了地中海東部及周邊地區(qū)。根據(jù)句子成分,此處要填入一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞,排除C選項(xiàng);根據(jù)句子時(shí)態(tài)some5,000yearsago(大約5000年前)以及單詞shift是非延續(xù)性單詞,可知時(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí)且不能用完成時(shí)態(tài);因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
第10題:考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)Nevertheless“然而,不過;雖然如此”;B選項(xiàng)Moreover“而且;此外”;C選項(xiàng)Therefore“因此;所以”;D選項(xiàng)However“無論如何;不管怎樣”;上文Butsome5,000yearsago,theareasinwhichimportantpaintingswereexecutedshiftedtotheeasternMediterraneanSeaandneighboringregions的句意:但大約5000年前,重要繪畫作品的創(chuàng)作地點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到了地中海東部及周邊地區(qū)。本句句意為:___,西方分享了歐洲的文化傳統(tǒng)——中東和地中海盆地,以及后來的新世界國家。根據(jù)上下文可知空格處應(yīng)填入表示因果關(guān)系的邏輯詞;因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
第11題:考查固定搭配。concentrationonsth.(專注于……)。句意為:西方繪畫的特點(diǎn)是注重表現(xiàn)……根據(jù)固定搭配可知空格處應(yīng)填入on;因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
第12題:考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)shadow“陰影;影子;幽靈;庇護(hù);隱蔽處”;B選項(xiàng)shape“形狀;模型;身材;具體化”;C選項(xiàng)figure“數(shù)字;人物;圖形;價(jià)格;(人的)體形;畫像”;D選項(xiàng)form“形式,形狀;形態(tài),外形;方式;表格”;固定搭配humanfigure(人像)。句意為:總的來說,西方繪畫的特點(diǎn)是集中表現(xiàn)人物形象,無論是在古代的英雄背景中,還是在早期基督教和中世紀(jì)世界的宗教背景中。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
第13題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)extracted“提取”;B選項(xiàng)extruded“使……噴出;使伸出;驅(qū)逐”;C選項(xiàng)extorted“敲詐;侵占;強(qiáng)求;牽強(qiáng)地引出”;D選項(xiàng)extended“延長(zhǎng);擴(kuò)充”;句意為:文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期延續(xù)了這一傳統(tǒng)……本句表示“延續(xù)傳統(tǒng)”,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
第14題:考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)close“接近的;在即的;親密的;緊密的;全面細(xì)致的;幾近的;勢(shì)均力敵的;險(xiǎn)些的;剪得很短的;嚴(yán)加防備的;悶熱的;吝嗇的;閉塞音的”;B選項(xiàng)closing“(非正式)收盤的;(講話、時(shí)段或活動(dòng))結(jié)束的;結(jié)尾的”;C選項(xiàng)closed“關(guān)著的;不公開的”;D選項(xiàng)closure“關(guān)閉;終止,結(jié)束”。句意為:文藝復(fù)興通過對(duì)自然世界的仔細(xì)考察,延續(xù)了這一傳統(tǒng)……本句表示“仔細(xì)的觀察,即全面細(xì)致的觀察”,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
第15題:考查固定搭配。linkto(鏈接到;把……和……連接;把……和……聯(lián)系起來)。句意為:文藝復(fù)興通過對(duì)自然世界的仔細(xì)考察,對(duì)平衡、和諧和可視世界的透視進(jìn)行研究,將繪畫與發(fā)展中的解剖學(xué)和光學(xué)聯(lián)系起來,延續(xù)了這一傳統(tǒng)。根據(jù)固定搭配可知空格處應(yīng)填入to;因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
第16題:考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)breakdown“故障;崩潰;分解;分類;衰弱;跺腳曳步舞”;B選項(xiàng)breakage“裂口;破損量”;C選項(xiàng)break“間斷;休息;短假;缺口;破裂;進(jìn)攻;骨折;結(jié)束;機(jī)會(huì)”;D選項(xiàng)breaking“破壞;阻斷”。句意為:在17、18世紀(jì),隨著山水畫的發(fā)展,具象繪畫的第一次真正突破出現(xiàn)了。本句表示“第一次突破口”,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
第17題:考查固定搭配。beconcernedwith(參與,干預(yù);關(guān)心;相干;涉及)。句意為:在風(fēng)景和具象傳統(tǒng)在19世紀(jì)共同發(fā)展,當(dāng)時(shí)的氣氛越來越關(guān)注……根據(jù)固定搭配可知空格處應(yīng)填入concernedwith;因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
第18題:考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reaction“反應(yīng),感應(yīng);反動(dòng),復(fù)古;反作用”;B選項(xiàng)action“行動(dòng);活動(dòng);功能;戰(zhàn)斗;情節(jié)”;C選項(xiàng)relation“關(guān)系;敘述;故事;親屬關(guān)系”;D選項(xiàng)interaction“相互作用,相互影響;交流;交互作用;互動(dòng)”。句意為:在風(fēng)景和具象傳統(tǒng)在19世紀(jì)共同發(fā)展,當(dāng)時(shí)的氣氛越來越關(guān)注光和色的相互作用的“畫家”品質(zhì)和繪畫處理的表現(xiàn)力。本句表示“光和色的相互作用”,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
第19題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)distributed“分配;散布;分開;把……分類”;B選項(xiàng)contributed“有助于,貢獻(xiàn)”;C選項(xiàng)attributed“歸屬;把……歸于”;D選項(xiàng)construed“分析;解釋;翻譯”。句意為:在20世紀(jì),這些興趣促成了西方繪畫的第三個(gè)主要傳統(tǒng)——抽象畫的發(fā)展。本句表示“有助于第三個(gè)主要傳統(tǒng)的發(fā)展”,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
第20題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)uncover“發(fā)現(xiàn);揭開;揭露”;B選項(xiàng)discover“發(fā)現(xiàn);發(fā)覺(發(fā)現(xiàn)自然界中已經(jīng)存在的而別人沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)的東西,核心層意思是使……顯現(xiàn))”;C選項(xiàng)recover“恢復(fù);彌補(bǔ);重新獲得”;D選項(xiàng)cover“包括;采訪,報(bào)導(dǎo);涉及;行走(一段路程);掩護(hù);翻唱;給……投?!?。句意為:在20世紀(jì),這些興趣促成了西方繪畫的第三大傳統(tǒng)——抽象畫的發(fā)展,抽象畫試圖通過行動(dòng)和形式來揭示和表達(dá)繪畫的真實(shí)本質(zhì)。本句表示“揭示繪畫的真實(shí)本質(zhì)”,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
2.單選題
Theeditorspenthours()everysinglepageofthatthicknovel,lookingfortheslightesterror.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.decorating
B.remedying
C.scrutinizing
D.shattering
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。decorate“裝飾;布置”;remedy“補(bǔ)救;糾正”;scrutinize“詳細(xì)檢查”;shatter“粉碎”。根據(jù)everysinglepage(每一頁),以及l(fā)ookingfortheslightesterror(尋找最細(xì)微的錯(cuò)誤),可知是對(duì)整部小說進(jìn)行仔細(xì)檢查,因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
3.單選題
Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowhehasto()theconsequences.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.runinto
B.answerfor
C.complywith
D.abideby
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。runinto“遭遇,陷入”;answerfor“因……而受罰”;complywith“遵守,照做”;abideby“遵守,信守”。根據(jù)前面的“他沒有履行合同中的一些條款”可知,他應(yīng)該為此負(fù)責(zé),選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
4.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.
需要強(qiáng)調(diào)指出的是,國際金融危機(jī)沒有改變中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的基本面和長(zhǎng)期向好的趨勢(shì)?;仡櫲ツ辏覀儓?jiān)定信心、迎難而上,保持了中國經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展?;I劃今年,我們有能力處理復(fù)雜局面,繼續(xù)保持中國經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。展望未來,我們有條件實(shí)現(xiàn)中國經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。
【答案】Itshouldbestressedthat,despitetheinternationalfinancialcrisis,thefundamentalsandlong-termpositivetrendofChina’seconomicdevelopmentremainsunchanged.Lastyear,weactedwithresolveandconfrontedchallengeshead-on,andsucceededinensuringsteadyandfasteconomicgrowth.Aswedrawplansforthisyear,weareconfidentthatwecanstayontopofthecomplicatedsituationandmaintainthesteadyandfastgrowthoftheChineseeconomy.Lookingahead,wearewellpositionedtoachievelongterm,fastandsteadyeconomicgrowth.
5.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
Mobilityofindividualmembersandfamilygroupstendstosplitupfamilyrelationships.
Occasionallythemovementofafamilyawayfromasituationwhichhasbeenthesourceoffrictionresultsingreaterfamilyorganization,butonthewholemobilityisdisorganizing.
Individualsandfamiliesareinvolvedinthreetypesofmobility:movementinspace,movementupordowninsocialstatus,andthemovementofideas.Thesearetermedrespectivelyspatial,vertical,andideationalmobility.
Agreatincreaseinspatialmobilityhasgonealongwithimprovementsinrailandwatertransportation,theinventionanduseoftheautomobile,andtheavailabilityofairplanepassengerservice.Spatialmobilityresultsinadeclineintheimportanceofthetraditionalhomewithitsemphasisonfamilycontinuityandstability.Italsomeansthatwhenindividualfamilymembersorthefamilyasawholemoveawayfromacommunity,thepersonorthefamilyisremovedfromthepressuresofrelatives,friends,andcommunityinstitutionsandstability.Evenmoreimportantisthefactthatspatialmobilitypermitssomemembersofafamilytocomeincontactwithandpossiblyadoptattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingdifferentfromthoseheldbyotherfamilymembers.Thepresenceofdifferentattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingwithinafamilymay,andoftendoes,resultinconflictandfamilydisorganization.Potentialdisorganizationispresentinthosefamiliesinwhichthehusband,wife,andchildrenarespatiallyseparatedoveralongperiod,orarelivingtogetherbutseeeachotheronlybrieflybecauseofdifferentworkschedules.
Oneindexoftheincreaseinverticalmobilityisthegreatincreaseintheproportionofsons,andtosomeextentdaughters,whoengageinoccupationsotherthanthoseoftheparents.
Anotherindexofverticalmobilityisthedegreeofintermarriagebetweenracialclasses.Thisoccursalmostexclusivelybetweenclasseswhichareadjacenttoeachother.Engaginginadifferentoccupation,orintermarriage,likespatialmobility,allowsonetocomeincontactwithwaysofbehaviordifferentfromthoseoftheparentalhome,andtendstoseparateparentsandtheirchildren.
Theincreaseinideationalmobilityismeasuredbytheincreaseinpublications,suchasnewspapers,periodicals,andbooks,theincreaseinthepercentageofthepopulationowningradios,andtheincreaseintelevisionsets.Allthesetendtointroducenewideasintothehome.
Whenindividualfamilymembersareexposedtoandadoptthenewideas,thetendencyisforconflicttoariseandforthoseinconflicttobecomepsychologicallyseparatedfromeachother.
1.Intermarriageanddifferentoccupationsplayanimportantroleinfamilydisorganizationbecause().
2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutpeoplelivinginatraditionalfamilyaccordingtothepassage?
3.Whichofthefollowingstatementscansummarizethepassage?
4.Potentialdisorganizationexistsinthosefamiliesinwhich().
5.Thispassagesuggeststhatawell-organizedfamilyisafamilywhosemembers().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.theypermitonetocomeintocontactwithdifferentwaysofbehaviorandthinking
B.theyenablethechildrentotravelaroundwithouttheirparents’permission
C.theyallowonetofindagoodjobandimproveone’ssocialstatus
D.theyenablethechildrentobetterunderstandthewaysofbehavioroftheirparents
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Theyarelesslikelytoquarrelwithothersbecauseofconventionalityandstability.
B.Theyhavetodependontheirrelativesandfriendsiftheydonotmoveawayfromit.
C.Theywillhavemorefreedomofactionandthoughtiftheymoveawayfromit.
D.Theycangetmorehelpfromtheirfamilymembersiftheyareintrouble.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Socialdevelopmentresultsinadeclineintheimportanceoftraditionalfamilies.
B.Themovementofafamilyisoneofthefactorsinraisingitssocialstatus.
C.PotentialdisorganizationispresentintheAmericanfamily.
D.Familydisorganizationismoreorlesstheresultofmobility.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.bothparentshavetoworkfulltime
B.thehusband,wife,andchildrenworktoohard
C.thehusband,wife,andchildrenseldomgettogether
D.thefamilymembersaresubjecttosocialpressures
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.neverquarrelwitheachotherevenwhentheydisagree
B.arenotpsychologicallywithdrawnfromoneanother
C.oftenhelpeachotherwithtrueloveandaffection
D.areexposedtothesamenewideasintroducedbybooks,radios,andTVsets
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】第1題:客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Intermarriageanddifferentoccupations”可以定位到文章第六段最后一句Engaginginadifferentoccupation,orintermarriage,likespatialmobility,allowsonetocomeincontactwithwaysofbehaviordifferentfromthoseoftheparentalhome,andtendstoseparateparentsandtheirchildren.(從事不同的職業(yè)或通婚,就像空間流動(dòng)一樣,會(huì)讓人接觸到不同于父母家的行為方式,并有可能讓父母和孩子分開。),說明從事不同的職業(yè)或通婚會(huì)讓人接觸到不同的行為方式。因此A選項(xiàng)“它們使人能夠接觸到不同的行為方式和思維方式”正確。B選項(xiàng)“使孩子們能夠在未經(jīng)父母允許的情況下四處旅行”,C選項(xiàng)“能讓人找到一份好工作,提高自己的社會(huì)地位”,D選項(xiàng)“能讓孩子更好地理解父母的行為方式”在文中均沒有提及,所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。
第2題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“traditionalfamily”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Spatialmobilityresultsinadeclineintheimportanceofthetraditionalhomewithitsemphasisonfamilycontinuityandstability.(空間的流動(dòng)性導(dǎo)致了傳統(tǒng)家庭的重要性下降,傳統(tǒng)家庭強(qiáng)調(diào)家庭的連續(xù)性和穩(wěn)定性。),說明傳統(tǒng)家庭十分注重家庭連續(xù)性和穩(wěn)定性,接著第四、五句說到Evenmoreimportantisthefactthatspatialmobilitypermitssomemembersofafamilytocomeincontactwithandpossiblyadoptattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingdifferentfromthoseheldbyotherfamilymembers.Thepresenceofdifferentattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingwithinafamilymay,andoftendoes,resultinconflictandfamilydisorganization.(更重要的是,空間的流動(dòng)性使一些家庭成員能夠接觸到并可能采取不同于其他家庭成員的態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀和思維方式。在一個(gè)家庭中存在不同的態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀和思維方式可能,而且經(jīng)常會(huì)導(dǎo)致沖突和家庭混亂。),說明空間的流動(dòng)性讓部分家庭成員接觸并采納了其他家庭不同的態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀和思考方式,這會(huì)導(dǎo)致家庭的沖突和混亂,而傳統(tǒng)家庭是反對(duì)空間流動(dòng)性的,那么也就不容易出現(xiàn)沖突、爭(zhēng)吵的現(xiàn)象。因此A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)和穩(wěn)定性,他們不太可能與他人爭(zhēng)吵”正確。C選項(xiàng)“如果他們離開傳統(tǒng)家庭,會(huì)有更多的行動(dòng)和思想自由”,文中提到的態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀和思維方式只涉及了思想方面可能產(chǎn)生的變化,而沒有提到行動(dòng)上的,所以C錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“他們?nèi)绻话犭x傳統(tǒng)家庭,就必須依靠親戚朋友”,D選項(xiàng)“如果他們遇到困難,可以從家人那里得到更多的幫助”在文中均沒有提及,所以B,D錯(cuò)誤。
第3題:主旨大意題。文章首句說到Mobilityofindividualmembersandfamilygroupstendstosplitupfamilyrelationships.(個(gè)體成員和家庭群體的流動(dòng)性往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致家庭關(guān)系的破裂。)這是文章的主旨句,句中的splitupfamilyrelationships(家庭關(guān)系破裂)是mobility(流動(dòng)性)導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果,且與后文的disorganizing(無組織化)相對(duì)應(yīng),接下來全文都圍繞著這一句展開論述,闡述流動(dòng)性是如何導(dǎo)致家庭關(guān)系破裂的。因此D選項(xiàng)“家庭的無組織化或多或少是流動(dòng)性的結(jié)果”最能概括文章主旨。A選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)發(fā)展導(dǎo)致傳統(tǒng)家庭的重要性下降”在文中沒有提及,所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“家庭的流動(dòng)性是提高其社會(huì)地位的因素之一”顛倒了因果關(guān)系,應(yīng)該是社會(huì)地位的變化導(dǎo)致了家庭的流動(dòng)性,所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“美國家庭中存在潛在的混亂現(xiàn)象”只是文中提及的一個(gè)現(xiàn)象,不能全面概括文章主旨,所以C錯(cuò)誤。
第4題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Potentialdisorganization”可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Potentialdisorganizationispresentinthosefamiliesinwhichthehusband,wife,andchildrenarespatiallyseparatedoveralongperiod,orarelivingtogetherbutseeeachotheronlybrieflybecauseofdifferentworkschedules.(在一些家庭中,丈夫、妻子和孩子長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在空間上分開,或者雖然住在一起但因?yàn)楣ぷ靼才挪煌荒芏虝旱匾娒?,這些家庭就存在潛在的混亂。),說明潛在的混亂存在于那些丈夫、妻子和孩子很少見面的家庭中。因此C選項(xiàng)“丈夫、妻子、孩子很少在一起”正確。A選項(xiàng)“父母都要全職工作”,D選項(xiàng)“家庭成員要承受社會(huì)壓力”在文中均沒有提及,所以A,D錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“丈夫、妻子、孩子工作太辛苦了”,原文只提到了不同的工作安排,并未提到工作太辛苦,所以B錯(cuò)誤。
第5題:推理判斷題。文章中提到了三種流動(dòng)性使家庭變得無組織化,第四段提到spatialmobility(空間的流動(dòng)性)導(dǎo)致了conflictandfamilydisorganization(沖突與家庭混亂),第六段提到verticalmobility…tendstoseparateparentsandtheirchildren(垂直的流動(dòng)性可能會(huì)讓父母和孩子分開),第八段提到Whenindividualfamilymembersareexposedtoandadoptthenewideas,thetendencyisforconflicttoariseandforthoseinconflicttobecomepsychologicallyseparatedfromeachother.(當(dāng)個(gè)別家庭成員接觸和采用新觀念時(shí),沖突傾向就會(huì)產(chǎn)生,沖突中的人在心理上就會(huì)彼此分離。),說明空間的流動(dòng)性、垂直的流動(dòng)性和思想的流動(dòng)性會(huì)使家庭變得無組織化,由此可以逆向推斷出有組織性的家庭不會(huì)出現(xiàn)以上問題,即家庭成員之間不會(huì)有隔閡。因此B選項(xiàng)“彼此之間沒有心理上的隔閡”正確。C選項(xiàng)“常以真情相助,感情深厚”沒有涉及問題的實(shí)質(zhì),所以C錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“即使意見不一致,也不會(huì)相互爭(zhēng)吵”,D選項(xiàng)“接觸到的都是書本、收音機(jī)、電視機(jī)所介紹的新思想”表述都過于絕對(duì),所以A,D錯(cuò)誤。
6.單選題
Theleadersofthetwocountriesfeelitdesirableto()fundsfromarmamentstohealthandeducation.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.divert
B.change
C.convert
D.derive
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。divert“轉(zhuǎn)移”;change“改變”;convert“使轉(zhuǎn)變”;derive“源于”。根據(jù)空格處后面的“from…to…”可知是將資金從一個(gè)地方轉(zhuǎn)到另一個(gè)地方,因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
7.單選題
Iwasverypleased()theroomyouprovided()me.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A./,to
B./,for
C.with,to
D.with,for
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配。bepleasedwith“對(duì)……感到滿意”;providesth.forsb.“向某人提供某物”。句意:我對(duì)你為我提供的房間非常滿意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
8.單選題
Thegapbetweenthoseatthelowestlevelandthoseatthehighestlevelofincomehadincreased(),andiscontinuingtoincrease.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.sufficiently
B.substantially
C.succinctly
D.successfully
【答案】B
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。sufficiently“充分地”;substantially“實(shí)質(zhì)上;大體上”;succinctly“簡(jiǎn)潔地”;successfully“成功地”。該句主要是講貧富差距,不能用褒義的副詞,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
9.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.
Insociallife,timeplaysaveryimportantpart.IntheU.S.A.Gueststendtofeeltheyarenothighlyregardediftheinvitationtoadinnerpartyisextendedonlythreeorfourdaysbeforethepartydate.Butitisnottrueinallcountries.Inotherareasoftheworlditmaybeconsideredfoolishtomakeanappointmenttoofarinadvancebecauseplanswhicharemadeforadatemorethanaweekawaytendtobeforgotten.Themeaningoftimediffersindifferentpartsoftheworld.Thus,misunderstandingsarisebetweenpeoplefromculturesthattreattimedifferently.
【答案】在社交生活中,時(shí)間扮演著重要的角色。在美國,如果客人在一個(gè)聚會(huì)的前3天或4天才收到邀請(qǐng),他們就會(huì)覺得自己沒有受到高度重視。但并不是所有國家都這樣。在世界的其他地方,太早和別人約好時(shí)間被認(rèn)為是愚蠢的,因?yàn)槌^一個(gè)星期的提前預(yù)約很容易被人忘掉。時(shí)間在不同國家有不同的意義。因此,來自看待時(shí)間不同的文化的人之間會(huì)產(chǎn)生誤會(huì)。
10.單選題
Thelawyerthoughtthatpieceofevidencewas()earlyintheinvestigationbutitturnedouttobevitalinconvictingthemanoftheft.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.unchangeable
B.insignificant
C.inevitable
D.unsuitable
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。unchangeable“無法改變的”;insignificant“無關(guān)緊要的”;inevitable“必然的,不可避免的”;unsuitable“不適合的”。根據(jù)表轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but可知前后有一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,后面提到“它(證據(jù))成為指控那個(gè)男人盜竊的關(guān)鍵證據(jù)”,可知前面的內(nèi)容是認(rèn)為這個(gè)證據(jù)“無關(guān)緊要”,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
11.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.
MyfellowAmerican,asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou——askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.MyfellowcitizensoftheworldasknotwhatAmericanwilldoforyou.butwhattogetherwecandoforthefreedomofman.Finally,whetheryouarecitizensAmericanorcitizensoftheworldaskofusherethesamehighstandardsofstrengthandsacrificewhichweaskofyou.Withagoodconscienceouronlysurereward,withhistorythefinaljudgeofourdeeds,letusgoforthtoleadthelandwelove.
【答案】美國同胞們,不要問國家能為你們做些什么、而要問你們能為國家做些什么。全世界的公民們,不要問美國將為你們做些什么,而要問我們共同能為人類的自由做些什么。最后,不論你們是美國公民還是其他國家公民,你們應(yīng)要求我們獻(xiàn)出我們同樣要求于你們的高度力量和犧牲。問心無愧是我們唯一可靠的獎(jiǎng)賞,歷史是我們行動(dòng)的最終裁判,讓我們走向前去,引導(dǎo)我們所熱愛的國家。
12.單選題
Every()ofamotionpictureistheresponsibilityofthedirector.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.section
B.facet
C.character
D.footage
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)section“截面;部分;部門;地區(qū);章節(jié)”;B選項(xiàng)facet“面;方面;小平面用”;C選項(xiàng)character“性格,品質(zhì);特性;角色;[計(jì)]字符”;D選項(xiàng)footage“英尺長(zhǎng)度;連續(xù)鏡頭;以尺計(jì)算長(zhǎng)度”。句意:電影的每一段鏡頭都是導(dǎo)演的責(zé)任。由電影導(dǎo)演的責(zé)任可知此處鏡頭的含義最合適,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
13.單選題
Couldyoupossibly()meatthenextcommitteemeeting?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.comeupwith
B.makeupfor
C.doawaywith
D.standinfor
【答案】D
【解析】考查短語。comeupwith“提出,想出”;makeupfor“補(bǔ)償,彌補(bǔ)”;doawaywith“廢除,去掉”;standinfor“代替”。將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)代入空格處只有選項(xiàng)D符合。
14.單選題
Fundamentally,incomedisparitydescribestwodisparategroups:richandpoor.Itishardlynewsthatthericharegettingricher.Theunderlyingstoryisafamiliarone:thewealthiesthouseholdsownthemostassets,namelystocks,andassetpriceshaverisenataferociouspaceinrecentyears.Beyondthestandardexplanation,itisalsothecasethattheemergenceoftechnology,risingproductivity,andanexpandingglobalmarkethavebroughtforthanewupperclassamongcorporations.Thesenewlywealthyfirmspayskilledemployeeswellandinanever-tighterlabormarket,theyareforcedtoconstantlysweetentheiremployees'compensation.
Thentherearethepoor,whereconditionsarealittlemurky.Fallingunemployment,anecdotalevidenceofrisingstarlingwagesforlowlevelservicejobs,andtherelativenon-eventofwelfarereformsofarsuggestthatconditionsatthelowendareimproving.Yetatthesametime,wholecommunitiesundersiegebycrimeandhopelessnesscannotbeignored.
Thatsaid,incomeinequalityasablanketindictmentoffoureconomicsystemdoesnotfly.Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine.Theabilitytosomedayearnmore,toliveatahigherstandard,iswhatgetspeopleoutofbedinthemorning,particularlyinourconsumer-orientedeconomy.Incomedisparityonlybecomesaproblemifitwidenstotheextentthatthelaborforcebelievesthatgreaterwealthcanonlybeachievedbythealreadywealthy.
Indeed,itisunreasonabletostatethatincomedisparityiserodingthelaborforce'swilltoimproveproductivityandmoveahead.Increasinglaborforceparticipation,recordhomeownership,surgingconsumerconfidenceandspending,nearrecordlevelsofimmigration,andurbanrenewalareallanecdotalevidencethathopesarehigh.AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring.
Sowhyaretherestillverypoorhouseholdsinthiscountry?Therearemanyreasons.Oureconomyisshiftingtowardstheproductionofhighervaluegoodsandservices.Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly.TherehasalsobeenarecentsurgeofimmigrationintotheU.S.Manymigrantstothiscountry,particularlythosewhoareunskilledorlanguagechallenged,requiretimetobeabsorbedintooureconomy.Ifskillsarelacking,itmaytakeagenerationortwotomoveahead.
Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich.Oneofthefundamentalsofeconomicsisthatonedecideshowhardtowork,wheretowork,andwhatriskstotake.Monetarywealthisnotthesolemeansofmaximizingutility.Eachpersonhasafinitelifespanandfiniteabilities;itisuptotheindividualtoapplythoseastheyseefit.Thewealthygettingwealthierisnotalwaysevidencetoothersthattheythemselvesarefallingbehind.
1.Intheauthor’scountry,()maybenefitfromthedevelopmentofitseconomy.
2.Itisimpliedinthispassagethatincomeinequalityis().
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
4.Theauthorbelievesthatincomedisparitywill().
5.Themainideapresentedinthelastparagraphisthat().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.thewealthyratherthanthepoor
B.alltheimmigrants
C.onlyskilledemployees
D.allthepeople
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.notnecessarilyharmfultothepoor
B.harmfultothedevelopmentofeconomy
C.destructiveratherthanconstructive
D.beneficialonlytotherich
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Everypersonwantstobecomerich
B.Unskilledpeopletendtobepoor
C.Mostimmigrantsareverypoor
D.Thewealthyisgettingwealthier
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.disappearsoonerorlater
B.begraduallynarrowed
C.persistaseverbefore
D.bemoreandmorewidened
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.noteverypersoniswillingtobecomeaswealthyaspossible
B.itisunderstandableforthewealthytogetwealthier
C.eachindividualknowsexactlywhathisultimategoalis
D.whatapersonpursuedintheworldisnotmonetarywealth
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在作者的國家,哪類人受益于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展?”文章第四段最后一句話提到“所有人都在新經(jīng)濟(jì)中發(fā)展”(AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomy),因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“這篇文章暗示收入差距……”。文章第四段提到“各種各樣的人都在新經(jīng)濟(jì)中蓬勃發(fā)展,有足夠的證據(jù)表明大多數(shù)人仍然想要獲得發(fā)財(cái)機(jī)會(huì)”(AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring),由此可知“不一定對(duì)窮人有害”符合題意。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“下列哪個(gè)表述是正確的?”文章第五段提到“非技術(shù)勞動(dòng)力的償付水平與以前不同了……”(Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly),選項(xiàng)B“非技術(shù)人員傾向貧窮”符合題意。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為收入差距將……”。文章第三段第一句話提到“收入差距是驅(qū)動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)引擎的汽油”(Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine),因此它不可能消失,所以選項(xiàng)C“一直存在”符合題意。
5.主旨大意題。題目問的是“最后一段的主要思想是什么?”文章最后一段第一句提到變得富有并不是每個(gè)人的最終目標(biāo)(Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich),因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
15.單選題
Everypresidentmust()thepresidentialoathbeforehedeliverstheinauguraladdress.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.recite
B.swear
C.declare
D.claim
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配。swearanoath“宣誓”是固定搭配,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
16.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowanunwillinggeneralagreementthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheemploymentmorewidely.
Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomequestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtomakethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,centresofproductionandwork?
Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople'sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought,but,infact,itcouldofferabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.
Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosureofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peopletravelledlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,intheend,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived.
Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Itbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.
Allthis
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