2022年考研考博-考博英語-西安建筑科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號33

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西安建筑科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseonyourANSWERSHEET.

Oneofthestrangestaspectsofourlifeisthewidespreadlackofconcernaboutthedangeroftotaldestructionbynuclearweapons,apossibilitypeopleareawareof.Theexplanation,Ibelieve,isthattheyaremoreproudofthanfrightenedbythegadgetsofmassdestruction.Also,theyaresofrightenedofthepossibilityoftheirpersonalfailureandhumiliationthattheiranxietyaboutpersonalmatterspreventsthemfromfeelinganxiousaboutthepossibilitythateverybodyandeverythingmaybedestroyed.Perhapstotaldestructionisevenmoreattractivethantotalinsecurityandnever-endingpersonalanxiety.

【答案】我們生活中最奇怪的一個(gè)方面是，人們普遍不關(guān)心核武器可能帶來徹底毀滅的危險(xiǎn)，而人們也知道這種可能性。我認(rèn)為，可以解釋為，他們對大規(guī)模毀滅性武器與其說感到害怕，不如說感到自豪。此外，他們對個(gè)人失敗和被羞辱的可能性是如此恐懼，以至于他們對個(gè)人事務(wù)的焦慮阻礙了他們?nèi)?dān)憂每個(gè)人、每件事都可能被摧毀的可能性。也許徹底的毀滅比完全的不安全感和無休止的個(gè)人焦慮更有吸引力。

2.單選題

One（）neededwhenmakingacakeisflour,anotherissugar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.container

B.ingredient

C.content

D.equivalent

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)container“集裝箱；容器”；B選項(xiàng)ingredient“原料；要素；組成部分”；C選項(xiàng)content“內(nèi)容，目錄；滿足；容量”；D選項(xiàng)equivalent“等價(jià)物，相等物”。句意：制作蛋糕所需的一種原料是面粉，另一種原料是糖。根據(jù)句中“makingacake制作蛋糕”可知“原料”符合語境，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Oneoftheresponsibilitiesofthelocaltroopsistomakesurethatallshipsobedientlyfollowtrafficsrulesinbusyharbors.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.currently

B.intricately

C.dutifully

D.distinctly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。橫線單詞obediently意為“順從地；服從地；忠順地”；A選項(xiàng)“currently”意為“當(dāng)前；一般地”；B選項(xiàng)“intricately”意為“雜亂地；復(fù)雜地”；C選項(xiàng)“dutifully”意為“忠實(shí)地；盡責(zé)地，忠誠地”；D選項(xiàng)“distinctly”意為“明顯地；無疑地，確實(shí)地”。句意：當(dāng)?shù)剀婈?duì)的責(zé)任之一是確保所有船只在繁忙的港口順從地遵守交通規(guī)則。由題干可知，followtrafficsrules（遵守交通規(guī)則），所以軍隊(duì)?wèi)?yīng)該是確保船只忠實(shí)、順從地遵循交通規(guī)則，以免出現(xiàn)混亂。由此可知，obediently在此處最可能是“順從地”的意思，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中dutifully具有“忠實(shí)地”的意思，與此相近。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

A（）ofsoapandtwobrightlycoloredtowelswereleftbesidethebath,andthenthewomensmiledpolitelyatNicoleandwithdrewcarefullyfromtheroom.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.loaf

B.bar

C.stick

D.block

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)loaf“條，一條面包”；B選項(xiàng)bar“塊；條；酒吧”；C選項(xiàng)stick“棍；手杖；呆頭呆腦的人”；D選項(xiàng)block“塊；街區(qū)；大廈；障礙物”。句意：一塊肥皂和兩條顏色鮮艷的毛巾放在浴缸旁邊，當(dāng)時(shí)這個(gè)女人有禮貌地對著尼克爾笑，然后小心翼翼地離開了房間。abarof為固定搭配，abarofsoap意為“一塊肥皂”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Somepeoplesaythatthestudyofliberalartsisauselessluxurywecannotaffordinhardtimes.Students,theyargue,whodonotdevelopsalablekillswillfinditdifficulttolandajobupongraduation.Butthereisaprobleminspeakingof“salableskills”.Whatskillsaresalable?Rightnow,skillsformakingautomobilesarenothighlysalable,buttheyhavebeenfordecadesandmightbeagain.Skillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates.What’smore,ifonewantstobuildacurriculumexclusivelyonwhatissalable,onewillhavetomakethecoursesveryshortandchangethemveryoften,inordertokeepupwiththerapidchangesinthejobmarket.Butwillnottheeffortbeinvain?Inveryfewthingscanwebesureoffuturesalability,andinasocietywherepeoplearefreetostudywhattheywant,andworkwheretheywant,andinvestastheywant,thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord.

Aschoolthatdevotesitselftotallytosalableskills,especiallyinatimeofhighunemployment,sendingyoungmenandwomenintotheworldarmedwithonlyanarrowrangeofskills,isalsosendinglambsintothelion’sden.Ifthosepeoplegainnothingmorefromtheirstudiesthansupposedlysalableskills,andcan’tmakethesalebecauseofchangesinthejobmarket,theyhavebeencheated.Butifthoseskillsweremorethansalable,ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated.Theywillfindsomekindofjobsoonenough.Flexibility,andabilitytochangeandlearnnewthings,isavaluableskill.Peoplewhohavelearnedhowtolearncanlearnoutsideofschool.Thatiswheremostofushavelearnedtodowhatwedo,notinschool.Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills.

1.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheauthorisfavorof（）.

2.Theword“fluctuate”(Line5,Para.1)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whoofthefollowingismorelikelytogetajobintimesofhighunemployment?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,indevelopingacurriculumschoolshould（）.

5.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.teachingpracticalskillthatcanbesoldinthecurrentjobmarket

B.aflexiblecurriculumthatchangeswiththetimes

C.aliberaleducation

D.keepingabalancebetweenthesupplyanddemandinthelabormarket

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.remainsteady

B.changeinanirregularway

C.followasetpattern

D.becomeworseandworse

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Apersonwiththeabilitytolearnbyhimself.

B.Aconstructionworkers.

C.Acarrepairman.

D.Apersonwithquiteafewsalableskills.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.predictthesalabilityofskillsinthefuturejobmarket

B.takethecurrentjobmarketintoconsideration

C.considerwhatskillsaresalable

D.focusontheabilitytoadapttochanges

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.liberalartseducationisbeingchallengednow

B.schoolsthatteachpracticalskillsfarebetterduringhardtimes

C.extracurricularactivitiesaremoreimportantthanclassroomlearning

D.manystudentsfeelcheatedbytheeducationalsystem

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到文章最后一段第三句“…ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated”，如果學(xué)習(xí)能讓他們更好地了解周圍的世界，更能適應(yīng)不斷變化的世界，那么他們就沒有被欺騙。這說明作者贊同讓學(xué)生能了解周圍世界、適應(yīng)世界變化的通識(shí)教育。A選項(xiàng)“teachingpracticalskillthatcanbesoldinthecurrentjobmarket”意為“教授能在當(dāng)前就業(yè)市場上出售的實(shí)用技能”，由原文可知，作者認(rèn)為就業(yè)市場是不斷變化的，把年輕男女輸送到只有有限技能的世界，是在把羔羊送入虎穴，所以作者是不贊同的；B選項(xiàng)“aflexiblecurriculumthatchangeswiththetimes”意為“隨時(shí)代變化的靈活課程”，作者對于這種課程的態(tài)度是“Butwillnottheeffortbeinvain?”但這種努力不會(huì)是徒勞的嗎？所以作者是不贊同的；C選項(xiàng)“aliberaleducation”意為“通識(shí)教育”，與原文相符；D選項(xiàng)“keepingabalancebetweenthesupplyanddemandinthelabormarket”意為“保持勞動(dòng)力市場供求平衡”，原文“thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord”我們不可能使勞動(dòng)力的供求完全一致，所以作者是不贊同的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:語義推測題。由fluctuate定位到文章第一段第六句“Skillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates”，隨著就業(yè)市場的波動(dòng)，技能是可售性變化的另一個(gè)例子。并且由后文可知，therapidchangesinthejobmarket就業(yè)市場是快速變化的。A選項(xiàng)“remainsteady”，意為“保持穩(wěn)定”，與原文不符；B選項(xiàng)“changeinanirregularway”意為“不規(guī)則的變化”，與原文相符；C選項(xiàng)“followasetpattern”意為“遵循固定模式”，原文并未提及就業(yè)市場的變化有固定的模式；D選項(xiàng)“becomeworseandworse”意為“變得越來越糟”，原文只是指變化但沒有說是往糟糕的方向發(fā)展。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。由highunemployment定位到文章第二段。文章第二段提到現(xiàn)在是個(gè)高失業(yè)率的時(shí)代，首先從反面舉例如果只學(xué)會(huì)少數(shù)技能就進(jìn)入社會(huì)等于羊入虎穴，接著又說到學(xué)習(xí)理解和適應(yīng)這個(gè)改變的世界能更快找到工作，最后總結(jié)道“Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills”學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)是最高的不受限制的技能之一，因此有自學(xué)能力的更容易找到工作。A選項(xiàng)“Apersonwiththeabilitytolearnbyhimself”意為“有自學(xué)能力的人”，符合原文；B選項(xiàng)“Aconstructionworkers”意為“一位建筑工人”，C選項(xiàng)“Acarrepairman”意為“一位汽車修理工”和D選項(xiàng)“Apersonwithquiteafewsalableskills”意為“一個(gè)有相當(dāng)多的銷售技巧的人”，都只是掌握了少數(shù)技能，但不是自學(xué)的能力。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:判斷推理題。由developingacurriculumschool定位到文章第一段第七句“What’smore,ifonewantstobuildacurriculumexclusively…inordertokeepupwiththerapidchangesinthejobmarket”即發(fā)展課程就必須使課程非常短，并經(jīng)常更換它們，以跟上就業(yè)市場的快速變化。由此可推測，現(xiàn)代課程的著重點(diǎn)在于適應(yīng)變化的能力。A選項(xiàng)“predictthesalabilityofskillsinthefuturejobmarket”意為“預(yù)測技能在未來就業(yè)市場的銷路”，原文未提及預(yù)測技能的銷路，是強(qiáng)調(diào)就業(yè)市場是不斷變化的，要去適應(yīng)這種變化；B選項(xiàng)“takethecurrentjobmarketintoconsideration”意為“把當(dāng)前的就業(yè)市場也考慮進(jìn)去”，就業(yè)市場是一直變化的，所以重點(diǎn)是適應(yīng)變化；C選項(xiàng)“considerwhatskillsaresalable”意為“考慮哪些技能是可以銷售的”，可銷售的技能是需要不斷更換的，所以不是課程的重點(diǎn)；D選項(xiàng)“focusontheabilitytoadapttochanges”意為“關(guān)注適應(yīng)變化的能力”，符合原文。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和題干可知，本題需逐個(gè)分析各個(gè)選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“l(fā)iberalartseducationisbeingchallengednow”意為“通識(shí)教育現(xiàn)在正受到挑戰(zhàn)”，與原文相符；B選項(xiàng)“schoolsthatteachpracticalskillsfarebetterduringhardtimes”意為“在不景氣的時(shí)候，教授實(shí)用技能的學(xué)校表現(xiàn)更好”，與原文相反，學(xué)會(huì)有限技能的人進(jìn)入社會(huì)只是羊入虎口，所以最關(guān)鍵的技能是自學(xué)能力；C選項(xiàng)“extracurricularactivitiesaremoreimportantthanclassroomlearning”意為“課外活動(dòng)比課堂學(xué)習(xí)更重要”，原文是指有自學(xué)能力的人在校外也能繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，但并沒有說課外活動(dòng)就比課堂學(xué)習(xí)更重要；D選項(xiàng)“manystudentsfeelcheatedbytheeducationalsystem”意為“許多學(xué)生覺得教育制度欺騙了他們”，原文是如果他們獲得的只是銷售技能，不能隨就業(yè)市場的變化而變化，那么他們就是受騙了，但這不是學(xué)生的想法，是作者的觀點(diǎn)。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Nextsemester,Susanmusttakethreecompulsorycourses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.formal

B.voluntary

C.practical

D.required

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。compulsory“義務(wù)的；必修的；被強(qiáng)制的”；A選項(xiàng)formal“正式的；拘謹(jǐn)?shù)?；有條理的”；B選項(xiàng)voluntary“自愿的；故意的”；C選項(xiàng)practical“實(shí)際的；實(shí)用性的”；D選項(xiàng)required“必需的；必修的”。句意：下學(xué)期，蘇珊必須修三門必修課。根據(jù)句中“courses課程”可知compulsory在這里的意思為“必修的”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Heisbelievedtohavebeenshotbyarivalgangin（）fortheshootinglastweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revenge

B.reserve

C.reverse

D.remedial

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞和形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)revenge“報(bào)復(fù)；替……報(bào)仇”；B選項(xiàng)reserve“儲(chǔ)備；自然保護(hù)區(qū)；預(yù)備隊(duì)；儲(chǔ)備金”；C選項(xiàng)reverse“背面；相反；倒退”；D選項(xiàng)remedial“治療的；補(bǔ)救的；矯正的”。句意：據(jù)說他是被敵對幫派射殺，為上周的槍擊案復(fù)仇。由關(guān)鍵詞“shooting槍擊”可推知“報(bào)復(fù)”符合語境，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Tomanypeople,ahusbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily—theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle,to_______familycharacterandtogathertheredemptiveinfluenceofoffspring.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.repress

B.intimidate

C.validate

D.confine

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“repress”意為“抑制；鎮(zhèn)壓（叛亂等）；約束”；B選項(xiàng)“intimidate”意為“恐嚇，威脅；脅迫”；C選項(xiàng)“validate”意為“驗(yàn)證；確認(rèn)；使生效”；D選項(xiàng)“confine”意為“限制；禁閉；（因疾病、殘疾）無法離開（床、家、輪椅）”。句意：對許多人來說，夫妻二人似乎并不構(gòu)成一個(gè)真正的家庭——他們需要孩子來充實(shí)他們的小圈子，使家庭特征生效，并從后代那里獲得某種救贖的影響。由題干可知，ahusbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily（夫妻二人似乎并不構(gòu)成一個(gè)真正的家庭）夫妻需要孩子才能構(gòu)成完整的家庭，所以家庭特征需要有孩子才能生效。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Everymoderngovernment,liberalorotherwise,hasaspecificpositioninthefieldofideas;itsstabilityisvulnerabletocriticsinproportiontotheirabilityandpersuasiveness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.futile

B.susceptible

C.feasible

D.flexible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。橫線單詞vulnerable意為“易受攻擊的，易受……的攻擊；易受傷害的；有弱點(diǎn)的”；A選項(xiàng)“futile”意為“無用的；無效的；沒有出息的”；B選項(xiàng)“susceptible”意為“易受影響的；易感動(dòng)的；容許……的”；C選項(xiàng)“feasible”意為“可行的；可能的；可實(shí)行的”；D選項(xiàng)“flexible”意為“靈活的；柔韌的；易彎曲的”。句意：每一個(gè)現(xiàn)代政府，無論是自由的還是不自由的，在思想領(lǐng)域都有一個(gè)特定的位置；它的穩(wěn)定性易受批評家的影響，與他們的能力和說服力成比例。由題干可知，itsstability（政府的穩(wěn)定性）與critics（批評家）之間應(yīng)該是被影響的關(guān)系，也就是批評家的能力和說服力越強(qiáng)，政府的穩(wěn)定性越容易受影響受傷害。由此可知，vulnerable在此處最可能是“易受傷害的”的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Theongoingnegotiationreliedonunorthodoxchannels,avoidingthedullStateDepartment,whichhedisdained.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.respected

B.neglected

C.denied

D.despised

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。disdain“鄙視，輕視”；A選項(xiàng)respect“尊敬，尊重；遵守”；B選項(xiàng)neglect“疏忽，忽視；忽略”；C選項(xiàng)deny“否定，否認(rèn)；拒絕給予”；D選項(xiàng)despise“輕視，鄙視”。句意：正在進(jìn)行的談判依賴非正統(tǒng)渠道，避開了他鄙視的沉悶的國務(wù)院。題干說到“dullStateDepartment呆滯的國務(wù)院”，可推知disdain在這里有“鄙視”的意思，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

NewmineralresourcesmaybediscoveredduringtheforthcomingAntarctic（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excursion

B.execution

C.extraction

D.expedition

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)excursion“遠(yuǎn)足；短程旅行；游覽”；B選項(xiàng)execution“執(zhí)行；完成；死刑”；C選項(xiàng)extraction“取出；拔出；抽出物”；D選項(xiàng)expedition“探險(xiǎn)；探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)；考察”。句意：新的礦產(chǎn)資源可能在即將來臨的南極探險(xiǎn)期間被發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)句中“Antarctic南極的”可知“探險(xiǎn)”符合語境，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Theageatwhichyoungchildrenbegintomakemoraldiscriminationaboutharmfulactionscommittedagainstthemselvesorothershasbeenthefocusofrecentresearchintothemoraldevelopmentofchildren.Untilrecently,childpsychologistssupportedpioneerdevelopmentalistJeanPiagetinhishypothesisthatbecauseoftheirimmaturity,childrenunderagesevendonottakeintoaccounttheintentionsofapersoncommittingaccidentalordeliberateharm,butrathersimplyassignpunishmentfortransgressionsonthebasisofthemagnitudeofthenegativeconsequencescaused.AccordingtoPiaget,childrenunderagesevenoccupythefirststageofmoraldevelopment,whichischaracterizedbymoralabsolutism(rulesmadebyauthoritiesmustbeobeyed)andimminentjustice(ifrulesarebroken,punishmentwillbemetedout).Untilyoungchildrenmature,theirmoraljudgmentsarebasedentirelyontheeffectratherthanthecauseofatransgression.However,inrecentresearch,Kenseyfoundthatsix-year-oldchildrennotonlydistinguishbetweenaccidentalandintentionalharm,butalsojudgeintentionalharmasnaughtier,regardlessoftheamountofdamageproduced.Bothofthesefindingsseemtoindicatethatchildren,atanearlieragethanPiagetclaimed,advanceintothesecondstageofmoraldevelopment,moralautonomy,inwhichtheyacceptsocialrulesbutviewthemasmorearbitrarythandochildreninthefirststage.

Kensey’sresearchraisestwokeyquestionsfordevelopmentalpsychologistsaboutchildrenunderageseven:dotheyrecognizejustificationsforharmfulactions,anddotheymakedistinctionsbetweenharmfulactsthatarepreventableandthoseactsthathaveunforeseenharmfulconsequences?Studiesindicatethatjustificationsexcusingharmfulactionsmightincludepublicduty,self-defense,andprovocation.Forexample,NesdalcandRuleconcludedthatchildrenwerecapableofconsideringwhetherornotanaggressor’sactionwasjustifiedbypublicduty;fiveyearoldsreactedverydifferentlyto“BonniewrecksAnn’spretendhouse”dependingonwhetherBonniedidit“sosomebodywon’tfalloverit”orbecauseBonniewanted“tomakeAnnfeelbad.”Thus,achildoffivebeginstounderstandthatcertainharmfulactions,thoughintentional,canbejustified:theconstraintsofmoralabsolutismnolongersolelyguidetheirjudgments.

Psychologistshavedeterminedthatduringkindergartenchildrenlearntomakesubtledistinctionsinvolvingharm.Darleyobservedthatamongactsinvolvingunintentionalharm,six-year-oldchildrenjustenteringkindergartencouldnotdifferentiatebetweenforeseeable,andthuspreventable,harmandunforeseeableharmforwhichtheperpetratorcannotbeblamed.Sevenmonthslater,however,Darleyfoundthatthesesamechildrencouldmakebothdistinctions,thusdemonstratingthattheyhadbecomemorallyautonomous.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepassageasawhole?

2.Darleyfoundthataftersevenmonthsofkindergartensixyearoldsacquiredtheabilityof（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,PiagetandKenseywouldnothaveagreedon（）.

4.Theterm“publicduty”（inline5ofparagraph2）inthecontextofthepassagemeans（）.

5.Kensey’sfindingssupportwhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutsix-year-oldchildren?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Anoutlineforfutureresearch.

B.Anexpandeddefinitionofcommonlymisunderstoodterms.

C.Ananalysisofadisputebetweentwotheorists.

D.Adiscussionofresearchfindingsinanongoinginquiry.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.differentiatingbetweenforeseeableandunforeseeableharm

B.identifyingwiththeperpetratorofaharmfulaction

C.justifyingharmfulactionsthatresultfromprovocation

D.evaluatingthemagnitudeofnegativeconsequencesresultingfromthebreakingofrules

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thekindsofexcuseschildrengiveforharmfulactstheycommit

B.theageatwhichchildrenbegintodiscriminatebetweenintentionalandunintentionalharm

C.theintentionschildrenhaveinperpetratingharm

D.thecircumstancesunderwhichchildrenpunishharmfulacts

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thenecessitytoapprehendperpetrators

B.theresponsibilitytopunishtransgressors

C.anobligationtopreventharmtoanother

D.theassignmentofpunishmentforharmfulaction

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavetheabilitytomakeautonomousmoraljudgments.

B.Theyregardmoralabsolutismasathreattotheirmoralautonomy.

C.Theydonotunderstandtheconceptofpublicduty.

D.Theymakearbitrarymoraljudgments.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和題干可知，本題需從全文整體分析。第一段中Kensey和Piaget兩人提出了有關(guān)兒童心理發(fā)展的不同觀點(diǎn)，隨后的二三段都是在對Kensey的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行討論和論證。A選項(xiàng)“Anoutlineforfutureresearch”意為“未來研究的大綱”，原文并未提及未來研究的大綱；B選項(xiàng)“Anexpandeddefinitionofcommonlymisunderstoodterms”意為“對常見誤解術(shù)語的擴(kuò)展定義”，原文不是對誤解術(shù)語的擴(kuò)展定義，是提出了兩個(gè)不同觀點(diǎn)；C選項(xiàng)“Ananalysisofadisputebetweentwotheorists”意為“對兩個(gè)理論家之間爭論的分析”，原文二三段主要論證了Kensey的觀點(diǎn)，并沒有就兩者的爭論進(jìn)行分析；D選項(xiàng)“Adiscussionofresearchfindingsinanongoinginquiry”意為“對正在進(jìn)行的調(diào)查中研究結(jié)果的討論”，符合原文，此處指的就是對Kensey研究結(jié)果的討論。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由sevenmonthsofkindergarten定位到文章最后一段最后一句“Sevenmonthslater,however,Darleyfoundthatthesesamechildrencouldmakebothdistinctions,thusdemonstratingthattheyhadbecomemorallyautonomous”，然而，七個(gè)月后，達(dá)利發(fā)現(xiàn)，同樣是這些孩子已經(jīng)可以做出兩種區(qū)分，從而表明他們在道德上是自發(fā)的。由此可知，進(jìn)入幼兒園七個(gè)月后，孩子們已經(jīng)能區(qū)別可預(yù)見和不可預(yù)見的傷害。A選項(xiàng)“differentiatingbetweenforeseeableandunforeseeableharm”，意為“區(qū)分可預(yù)見和不可預(yù)見的傷害”，與原文相符；B選項(xiàng)“identifyingwiththeperpetratorofaharmfulaction”意為“辨認(rèn)有害行為的作惡者”，原文未提及；C選項(xiàng)“justifyingharmfulactionsthatresultfromprovocation”意為“為因挑釁而導(dǎo)致的有害行為辯護(hù)”，原文是這不是Darley的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，是針對Kensey觀點(diǎn)的研究結(jié)果；D選項(xiàng)“evaluatingthemagnitudeofnegativeconsequencesresultingfromthebreakingofrules”意為“評估因違反規(guī)則而產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面后果的大小”，原文中這是Piaget的觀點(diǎn)，不是Darley的發(fā)現(xiàn)。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和題干可知，本題需逐個(gè)分析各個(gè)選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“thekindsofexcuseschildrengiveforharmfulactstheycommit”意為“孩子們?yōu)樗麄兯龅挠泻π袨檎业姆N種借口”，這只是針對Kensey觀點(diǎn)的研究結(jié)果，但不代表二者就此有分歧；B選項(xiàng)“theageatwhichchildrenbegintodiscriminatebetweenintentionalandunintentionalharm”意為“兒童開始區(qū)分故意傷害和無意傷害的年齡”，與原文相符，原文第一段第四句，然而，Kensey發(fā)現(xiàn)，6歲的兒童能區(qū)分意外傷害和故意傷害。由此可推測這就是兩者觀點(diǎn)的不同之處；C選項(xiàng)“theintentionschildrenhaveinperpetratingharm”意為“孩子們實(shí)施傷害的意圖”，原文兩者爭論的重點(diǎn)不是孩子實(shí)施傷害的意圖，而是孩子究竟何時(shí)開始辨別有意與無意的傷害；D選項(xiàng)“thecircumstancesunderwhichchildrenpunishharmfulacts”意為“兒童懲罰有害行為的情形”，這是Nesdalc和Rule的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，不是Piaget與Kensey之間的分歧。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:判斷推理題。由publicduty定位到文章第二段第三句“Forexample,NesdalcandRuleconcludedthatchildrenwerecapableofconsideringwhetherornotanaggressor’sactionwasjustifiedbypublicduty…”，例如，Nesdalc和Rule的結(jié)論是，兒童有能力考慮侵犯者的行為是否符合公共義務(wù)；五歲的孩子對邦妮破壞了安的假房子的反應(yīng)非常不同，這取決于邦妮這么做是為了防止別人摔倒，還是因?yàn)榘钅菹胱尠搽y過。由此可知，這個(gè)事例是對公共義務(wù)的解釋，所以公共義務(wù)就是防止他人受損害的義務(wù)，如防止他人摔倒。A選項(xiàng)“thenecessitytoapprehendperpetrators”意為“逮捕罪犯的必要性”，與原文不符，原文未提及逮捕罪犯；B選項(xiàng)“theresponsibilitytopunishtransgressors”意為“懲罰犯規(guī)者的責(zé)任”，原文Nesdalc和Rule的結(jié)論中兒童并沒有對犯規(guī)者進(jìn)行懲罰；C選項(xiàng)“anobligationtopreventharmtoanother”意為“防止損害他人的義務(wù)”，與原文相符；D選項(xiàng)“theassignmentofpunishmentforharmfulaction”意為“對有害行為的懲罰分配”，該結(jié)論中并沒有談到懲罰。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:判斷推理題。由Kensey’sfindings定位到文章第一段最后一句“Bothofthesefindingsseemtoindicatethat…inwhichtheyacceptsocialrulesbutviewthemasmorearbitrarythandochildreninthefirststage”，這兩項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)（Kensey的發(fā)現(xiàn)）似乎都表明，兒童比皮亞杰所說的更早進(jìn)入道德發(fā)展的第二階段，即道德自主。由此可知，兒童已經(jīng)能自主做出道德判斷。A選項(xiàng)“Theyhavetheabilitytomakeautonomousmoraljudgments”意為“他們有能力自主做出道德判斷”，符合Kensey的理論；B選項(xiàng)“Theyregardmoralabsolutismasathreattotheirmoralautonomy”意為“他們把道德絕對主義看作是對他們道德自主權(quán)的威脅”，原文未提及道德絕對主義；C選項(xiàng)“Theydonotunderstandtheconceptofpublicduty”意為“他們不理解公共義務(wù)的概念”，與原文不符，就Nesdalc和Rule的結(jié)論而言，孩子已經(jīng)理解公共義務(wù)的概念；D選項(xiàng)“Theymakearbitrarymoraljudgments”意為“他們武斷地做出道德判斷”，與原文不符，原文是進(jìn)入道德自主階段的兒童認(rèn)為規(guī)則武斷，而不是兒童武斷地做出道德判斷。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

WhenthePacificWarbrokeout,Edwardwasdraftedbynavyandservedfourfullyearsonabigaircraftcarrier.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enlisted

B.mobilized

C.approved

D.attracted

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。draft“起草；制定；征募”；A選項(xiàng)enlist“征募；贊助”；B選項(xiàng)mobilize“動(dòng)員；調(diào)動(dòng)；使……流通”；C選項(xiàng)approve“批準(zhǔn)；贊成”；D選項(xiàng)attract“吸引；引起”。句意：太平洋戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)時(shí)，愛德華應(yīng)征入伍，在一艘大型航空母艦上服役了整整四年。由題干中的“servedfourfullyearsonabigaircraftcarrier在一艘大的航空母艦上服役了整整四年”可知wasdrafted在這里是“被征募”的意思，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetII.

Wewilleffectivelyconserveresourcesandprotecttheenvironment.Wewillactivelyrespondtoclimatechange.Wewillstrengthenresourceconservationandmanagement,becomebetterabletoensureadequatesuppliesofresources,intensifytheprotectionoffarmlandandtheenvironment,strengthenecologicaldevelopmentandsystemstopreventandmitigatenaturaldisasters,andcomprehensivelybuildourcapacityforsustainabledevelopment.Theproportionofnon-fossilfuelsinprimaryenergyconsumptionshouldreach11.4percent;energyconsumptionandcarbondioxideemissionsperuntilofGDPshouldbereducedby16percentand17percentrespectively;thereleaseofmajorpollutantshouldbereducedby8percentto10percent;foreststockshouldbeincreasedby600millioncubicmeters;andforestcovershouldbeincreasedto21.66percent.Wewillsubstantiallyimprovewaterconservancyfacilities;makeprogressinbettercontrollingimportanttributariesoflargeriversaswellaslakesandsmallandmedium-sizedrivers;andsignificantlyimproveagriculturalirrigation,theefficiencyofwaterresourcesuseandresistancetoflooding.

【答案】我們將抓好節(jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境。我們將積極應(yīng)對氣候變化。我們將加強(qiáng)資源節(jié)約和管理，提高資源保障能力，加強(qiáng)對耕地和環(huán)境的保護(hù)力度，加強(qiáng)生態(tài)建設(shè)以及防災(zāi)減災(zāi)體系建設(shè)，全面增強(qiáng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力。非化石燃料在一次能源消費(fèi)中的比例應(yīng)達(dá)到11.4%；單位GDP的能源消耗和二氧化碳排放量應(yīng)分別減少16%和17%，主要污染物排放量應(yīng)減少8%至10%，森林蓄積量應(yīng)增加6億立方米，森林覆蓋率應(yīng)增加到21.66%。我們將大幅改善水利設(shè)施；更好地推進(jìn)大江大河重要支流以及中小型河流的治理，并顯著提高農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉、水資源利用效率和抵抗洪水能力。

15.單選題

Thesetwofirmsaresobigandpowerfulthattheymonopolizebetweenthemtheproductionandsaleofcigarettesinthiscountry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.govern

B.influence

C.supervise

D.dominate

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。橫線單詞monopolize意為“壟斷；獨(dú)占；擁有……的專賣權(quán)”；A選項(xiàng)“govern”意為“管理；支配；統(tǒng)治；控制”；B選項(xiàng)“influence”意為“影響；改變；支配”；C選項(xiàng)“supervise”意為“監(jiān)督；管理；指導(dǎo)；主管”；D選項(xiàng)“dominate”意為“控制；支配；占優(yōu)勢；在……中占主要地位”。句意：這兩家公司勢力巨大，壟斷了這個(gè)國家香煙的生產(chǎn)和銷售。由題干可知，Thesetwofirmsaresobigandpowerful（兩家公司勢力巨大）所以可推測出這兩家公司在這個(gè)國家的香煙生產(chǎn)和銷售中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。由此可知，monopolize在此處最可能是“壟斷”的意思，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中dominate具有“在……中占主要地位”的意思，與此相近。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation,（）trafficdelays.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acknowledging

B.affording

C.allowingfor

D.accountingfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞和詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)acknowledging“承認(rèn)”；B選項(xiàng)affording“買得起；給予，提供”；C選項(xiàng)allowingfor“考慮到，顧及”；D選項(xiàng)accountingfor“對……負(fù)有責(zé)任；對……做出解釋”。由前半句“Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation”（我們要花20分鐘才能到火車站）可知，是一個(gè)結(jié)果，所以該空處語義應(yīng)該為考慮到交通耽擱的話，則會(huì)導(dǎo)致晚到火車站。句意：考慮到交通上的耽擱，我們到火車站要花20分鐘。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

BadluckhasplaguedMr.Averythroughouthisentirelife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hunted

B.followed

C.haunted

D.clungto

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。plague“困擾；使苦惱；使得災(zāi)禍”；A選項(xiàng)hunt“打獵；搜索”；B選項(xiàng)follow“跟隨；遵循；追求”；C選項(xiàng)haunt“困擾，使苦惱”；D選項(xiàng)clingto“堅(jiān)持；依靠；依附”。句意：艾弗里先生一生都為壞運(yùn)氣所困擾。題干說到“throughouthisentirelife他的整個(gè)一生”，可推測出plague在這里有“困擾”的意思，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.marineproducts

B.dairyproducts

C.industrialproducts

D.avianproducts

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。橫線單詞poultry意為“家禽；家禽肉”；A選項(xiàng)“marineproducts”意為“海產(chǎn)品；水產(chǎn)及制品”；B選項(xiàng)“dairyproducts”意為“乳制品，奶制品；乳酪產(chǎn)品”；C選項(xiàng)“industrialproducts”意為“工業(yè)產(chǎn)品”；D選項(xiàng)“avianproducts”意為“禽類產(chǎn)品”。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，美國賓夕法尼亞州最近爆發(fā)的禽流感促使中國禁止從該州進(jìn)口家禽。由題干可知，thelatestoutbreakofthebirdflu（最近爆發(fā)的禽流感）肯定和家禽相關(guān)。所以中國禁止進(jìn)口的應(yīng)該是家禽。由此可知，poultry在此處最可能是“家禽”的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.單選題

Johnsaysthathispresentjobdoesnotprovidehimwithenough（）forhisorganizingability.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scope

B.space

C.capacity

D.range

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)scope“范圍；余地；視野”；B選項(xiàng)space“空間；太空”；C選項(xiàng)capacity“能力；容量；資格”；D選項(xiàng)range“范圍；幅度；山脈”。句意：約翰稱他現(xiàn)在的工作沒有為自己的組織能力提供足夠的發(fā)展空間。根據(jù)句中“organizingability組織能力”可知“空間”符合語境，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

20.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

FewpeoplewoulddefendtheVictorianattitudetochildren,butifyouwereaparentinthosedays,atleastyouknewwhereyoustood:childrenweretobeseenandnotheard.Freudandcompanydidawaywithallthatandparentshavebeen（71）eversince.Thechild’shappinessisall-important,thepsychologistssay,（72）whatabouttheparents’happiness?Parentssufferconstantlyfromfearandguiltwhiletheirchildren（73）rompaboutpullingtheplaceapart.Agoodold-fashionedspankingisoutofthe（74）;nomodernchild-rearing（75）wouldpermitsuchbarbarity.Thetroubleisyouarenotallowed（76）toshout.Whoknowswhatdeep（77）woundsyoumightinflict?Thepoorchildmayneverrecoverfromthedreadfultraumatic（78）.Soitisthatparent’s（79）toavoidgivingtheirchildrencomplexes（80）ahundredyearsagowasn’tevenheardof.Certainlyachildneedslove,andalotofit.Buttheexcessive（81）ofmodernparentsissurelydoingmoreharmthangood.

Psychologistshavesucceededin（82）parents’confidenceintheirownauthority.Andithasn’ttakenchildrenlongtogetwindofthefact.（83）thegreatmodernclassicsonchildcare,therearecountlessarticlesinmagazinesandnewspapers.Withsomuchunsolicited（84）flyingabout,mumanddadjustdon’tknowwhattodoanymore.Intheend,theydonothingatall.So,fromearlychildhood,thekidsareinchargeandparents’livesare（85）accordingtotheneedsoftheiroffspring.Whenthelittledearsdevelopinto（86）,theytakecompletecontrol.Laxauthorityovertheyearsmakesadolescent（87）againstparentsallthemoreviolent.Iftheyoungpeoplearegoingtohaveaparty,（88）,parentsareaskedtoleavethehouse.Theirpresencemerely（89）thefun.Whatelsecanthepoorparentsdobut（90）?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.relaxed

B.thrilled

C.bewildered

D.inspired

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.so

B.but

C.and

D.or

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.pleasantly

B.enthusiastically

C.cautiously

D.gaily

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.problem

B.question

C.issue

D.argument

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.brochure

B.pamphlet

C.manual

D.publication

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.even

B.also

C.just

D.as

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.physical

B.emotional

C.psychological

D.sensational

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.experience

B.hazard

C.adventure

D.impact

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.strive

B.hesitate

C.anticipate

D.oblige

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.it

C.which

D.this

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.penalty

B.barbarity

C.scold

D.permissiveness

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.establishing

B.enhancing

C.detaining

D.undermining

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.Withrelationto

B.Withregardto

C.Inadditionto

D.Intermsof

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.demonstration

B.advice

C.criticism

D.interpretation

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.operated

B.intensified

C.regulated

D.compensated

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.adults

B.teenagers

C.parents

D.veterans

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.resistance

B.objection

C.hostility

D.rebellion

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.atfirst

B.inparticular

C.afterall

D.forinstance

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.devastates

B.spoils

C.manipulates

D.converts

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.refute

B.violate

C.abide

D.obey

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:D

第13題:C

第14題:B

第15題:C

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】第1題:考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)relaxed“松懈的；悠閑的，自在的”；B選項(xiàng)thrilled“非常興奮的；極為激動(dòng)的”；C選項(xiàng)bewildered“困惑的”；D選項(xiàng)inspired“有靈感的；受……鼓舞的”。前文提到“butifyouwereaparentinthosedays,atleastyouknewwhereyoustood但如果你是那個(gè)年代的父母，至少你知道自己的立場?！焙汀癋reudandcompanydidawaywithallthat弗洛伊德和他的同伴們廢除了這一切”，可知這里要表達(dá)的意思是“困惑的”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)so“所以；因此”；B選項(xiàng)but“但是”；C選項(xiàng)and“和；就；而且”；D選項(xiàng)or“或者；還是”。前文提到“Thechild’shappinessisall-important,thepsychologistssay心理學(xué)家說，孩子的快樂是最重要的”與空格后提到“whatabouttheparents’happiness?父母的幸福呢？”，可看出空格前后明顯存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)pleasantly“愉快地；和藹地，親切地”；B選項(xiàng)enthusiastically“熱心地；滿腔熱情地”；C選項(xiàng)cautiously“慎重地，謹(jǐn)慎地”；D選項(xiàng)gaily“華麗地；歡樂地”。下文提到“rompabout嬉戲玩?！?，所以這里“歡樂地”符合語境。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)outoftheproblem“絕不可能的”；B選項(xiàng)outofthequestion“不予考慮的”；沒有outoftheargument與outoftheissue的搭配。下文的nomodernchild-rearing…wouldpermitsuchbarbarity意思是“沒有現(xiàn)代的育兒……會(huì)允許如此的粗野”，可知這里要表達(dá)的意思是“不予考慮的”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)brochure“手冊；說明書”；B選項(xiàng)pamphlet“小冊子”；C選項(xiàng)manual“手冊，指南”；D選項(xiàng)publication“出版；出版物；發(fā)表”。空格前說到child-rearing“撫養(yǎng)子女”，所以在這里“指南”更符合句意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第6題:考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)even“甚至；即使”；B選項(xiàng)also“也；而且”；C選項(xiàng)just“僅僅；正好”；D選項(xiàng)as“同樣地；和……一樣的”。這里要表達(dá)的意思是“甚至不允許你去大喊”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第7題:考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)physical“物理的；身體的；物質(zhì)的”；B選項(xiàng)emotional“情緒的；易激動(dòng)的；感動(dòng)人的”；C選項(xiàng)psychological“心理的；心理學(xué)的；精神上的”；D選項(xiàng)sensational“轟動(dòng)的；聳人聽聞的；使人感動(dòng)的”。這里要表達(dá)的意思是“心理的創(chuàng)傷”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第8題:考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)experience“經(jīng)驗(yàn)；經(jīng)歷；體驗(yàn)”；B選項(xiàng)hazard“危險(xiǎn)，冒險(xiǎn)；冒險(xiǎn)的事”；C選項(xiàng)adventure“冒險(xiǎn)；冒險(xiǎn)精神；投機(jī)活動(dòng)”；D選項(xiàng)impact“影響；效果；碰撞；沖擊力”。由前文提及的“to