2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)5

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

Operaisexpensive:thatmuchisinevitable.Butexpensivethingsarenotinevitablytheprovinceoftherichunlessweabdicatesociety’spowerofchoice.Wecanchoosetomakeopera,andotherexpensiveformsofculture,accessibletothosewhocannotindividuallypayforit.Thequestionis:whyshouldwe?Nobodydeniestheimperativesoffood,shelter,defense,healthandeducation.Buteveninaprehistoriccave,mankindstretchedoutahandnotjusttoeat.drinkorfight,butalsotodraw.Theimpulsetowardsculture,thedesiretoexpressandexploretheworldthroughimaginationandrepresentationisfundamental.InEurope,thisdesirehasfoundfulfillmentinthemasterpiecesofourmusic,art,literatureandtheatre.Thesemasterpiecesarethetouchstonesforallourefforts;theyarethetouchstonesforthepossibilitiestowhichhumanthoughtandimaginationmayaspire;theycarrythemostprofoundmessagesthatcanbesentfromonehumantoanother.

【答案】聽?wèi)騽o疑是昂貴的消費(fèi)。但除非我們放棄社會(huì)賦予的選擇權(quán)，否則昂貴的東西也并非富人專屬。我們可以選擇讓那些無支付能力的人享有戲劇及其他形式的昂貴文化。但問題是，我們?yōu)槭裁匆菢幼?？誰都不會(huì)否認(rèn)，食物、居住、安全、健康和教育是必不可少的。但即使是在史前的洞穴里，人類伸出手來也并不只是為了吃、喝或打斗，也可能是為了涂涂畫畫。文化沖動(dòng)，即通過想象和表征來表達(dá)、探索世界的欲望，是人類的基本特點(diǎn)。在歐洲，這種渴望已經(jīng)在音樂、繪畫、文學(xué)和戲劇的杰作中得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。這些杰作是衡量我們一切努力的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，也是人類思想和想象力可能達(dá)到的高度。它們包含著人與人之間能夠傳遞的最深刻的信息。

2.單選題

Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoice,wewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity.Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren’tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspacesandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecountry.Buthowrealisticisthedream?

Citiescanbefrighteningplaces.Themajorityofthepopulationliveinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup.Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats.Childrenbecomeaggressiveandnervous—coopedupathomeallday,withnowheretoplay;theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld.Strangelyenough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhellotoeachother.

Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthiskindofisolatedexistenceinthatasenseofcommunitygenerallybindstheinhabitantsofsmallvillagestogether.Peoplehavetheadvantageofknowingthatthereisalwayssomeonetoturntowhentheyneedhelp.Butcountrylifehasdisadvantagestoo.Whileitistruethatyoumaybeamongfriendsinavillage,itisalsotruethatyouarecutofffromtheexcitingandimportanteventsthattakeplaceincities.There’slittlepossibilityofgoingtoanewshoworthelatestmovie.Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothe—nearestlargetown.Thecity-dwellerwholeavesforthecountryisoftenoppressedbyasenseofunbearablestillnessandquiet.

What,then,istheanswer?Thecountryhastheadvantageofpeaceandquiet,butsuffersfromthedisadvantageofbeingcutoff;thecitybreedsafeelingofisolation,andconstantnoisebattersthesenses.Butoneofitsmainadvantagesisthatyouareatthecenterofthings,andthatlifedoesn’tcometoanendathalf-pastnineatnight.Somepeoplehavefound(orratherbought)acompromisebetweenthetwo:theyhaveexpressedtheirpreferenceforthe“quietlife”bymovingtovillageswithincommutingdistanceoflargecities.Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind——theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangeandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.

Whatthenofmydreamsofleaningonacottagegateandmurmuring“morning”tothelocalsastheypassby.I’mkeenontheidea,butyouseethere’smycat.Toby.I’mnotatallsurethathewouldtaketoallthatfreshairandexerciseinthelonggrass.Imean,canyouseehimmixingwithall(hoseheartymalesdownthefarm?No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening.

1.Wegettheimpressionfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthor（

）.

2.Intheauthor’sopinion,thefollowingmaycausecitypeopletobeunhappyEXCEPT（

）.

3.ThepassageimpliesthatitiseasytobuythefollowingthingsinthecountryEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribesthosepeoplewhoworkinlargecitiesandliveinvillages?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.usedtoliveinthecountry

B.usedtoworkinthecity

C.worksinthecity

D.livesinthecountry

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.astrongsenseoffear

B.lackofcommunication

C.housingconditions

D.asenseofisolation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.dailynecessities

B.freshfruits

C.designerclothes

D.freshvegetables

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Original

B.Quiet

C.Arrogant

D.Insensitive

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“從第一段中我們可以得知作者……”。文章第一段第二句話提到“我成功說服自己，如果不是因?yàn)槲业墓ぷ?，我?huì)立刻去往空曠的地方，回到某個(gè)靜謐的村莊，回到大自然中”（Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren’tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspacesandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecountry），由此我們可以知道作者的工作是在城市，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為下列哪項(xiàng)不是讓城里人不開始的原因”。文章第二段最后一句話提到“過去住一條街上的人都相互認(rèn)識(shí)，而現(xiàn)在住在高樓大廈同一層樓的人彼此都不打招呼”（Strangelyenough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhellotoeachother），由此可知選項(xiàng)B是其中一個(gè)原因，排除；文章第二段第二句提到“大多數(shù)人住在又吵，又臟，又沒人情味的高樓里”（Themajorityofthepopulationliveinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal），由此可知選項(xiàng)C“居住環(huán)境”也是其中一個(gè)原因，排除；第二段第三句提到“如果你住15樓以上，你會(huì)失去集體感”（Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup），由此可知選項(xiàng)D“孤獨(dú)感”也是其中一個(gè)原因，排除。綜上，選項(xiàng)A不是其中的原因，符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“文章暗示買一些東西很容易，除了……”。文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句提到“去商店買東西成了主要問題，只要稍微特殊點(diǎn)的商品你就得去很遠(yuǎn)的城市去買”（Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothe—nearestlargetown），選項(xiàng)C“定制衣服”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪個(gè)形容詞用來描述那些住在鄉(xiāng)村，在城里工作的人”。文章倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第一句提到“他們通常和他們留下的塑料花一樣敏感——被關(guān)于改變和改進(jìn)的奇怪想法所浸染，并把這些想法強(qiáng)加給村里不情愿的原始居民”（Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind——theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangeandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages），選項(xiàng)C“傲慢的”符合題意。

3.單選題

Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproductionandisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe'SecondIndustrialRevolution'.

Labor'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventuallytheresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflaborliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.

Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.

1.Thoughthelaborworriesabouttheeffectsofautomation,itneverdoubtsthat（

）.

2.Theideaofthe"improvementfactor'(Para.3)impliesroughly

（

）.

3.Inordertogetthefullbenefitsofautomation,laborwilldependmostlyon

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.automationwilleventuallypreventunemployment

B.automationwillhelpworkersacquirenewskills

C.automationwilleventuallybenefittheworkersnolessthantheemployers

D.automationisatrendwhichcannotbestopped

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wagesshouldbepaidonthebasisoflengthofservice

B.thebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsshouldbesharedbyworkers

C.supplementaryunemploymentbenefitplansshouldbepromoted

D.thetransitiontoautomationshouldbebroughtaboutwiththeminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstoworkers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.shorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretime

B.theincreaseofwagesinproportiontotheincreaseinproductivity

C.additionalpaymenttothepermanentlydismissalworkers

D.strongdriveforplanningnewinstallations

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Advantagesanddisadvantagesofautomation

B.Laborandtheeffectsofautomation

C.Unemploymentbenefitsplansandautomation.

D.Socialbenefitsofautomation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘盡管工人們擔(dān)心自動(dòng)化的影響，但他們從不懷疑……？’根據(jù)第二段中“Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.勞工基本上的觀點(diǎn)是抵抗技術(shù)變革是徒然的”確定D選項(xiàng)“自動(dòng)化是一種不能被阻止的趨勢”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題目提問‘“改善因素”的概念(第3段)粗略地表示……？’根據(jù)第三段中“Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.另一種方法是“改善因素”的想法，它要求在提高生產(chǎn)力的基礎(chǔ)上增加工資?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)“工人應(yīng)該共享生產(chǎn)增加和成本降低的福利”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘為了獲得自動(dòng)化的全部好處，勞動(dòng)力將主要依靠……？’根據(jù)最后一段中“Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.然而，勞動(dòng)力有可能主要依靠減少工作時(shí)間來充分分享自動(dòng)化的成果?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“更短的工作時(shí)間和更多的休閑吋間”正確。

4.主旨大意題。全文主要是講“自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展對(duì)勞工在工作與就業(yè)等方而帶來的影響”，所以B選項(xiàng)“勞工與自動(dòng)化的影響”正確。文章并沒有對(duì)自動(dòng)化的劣勢展開討論，所以A選項(xiàng)“自動(dòng)化的優(yōu)勢與劣勢”錯(cuò)誤，C選項(xiàng)“失業(yè)福利計(jì)劃和自動(dòng)化”和D選項(xiàng)“自動(dòng)化的社會(huì)效益”只是文中提及的一部分內(nèi)容，排除。

4.單選題

Anothertrendofthe1990sinthecomputerindustryistowardmultimediaformats,asthemarketforconventionaltypesofcomputer—thosethathavecomputationanddataprocessingastheirmajorfunctions—hasbeguntobecomesaturated.Multimediacomputersaresystemsthatcanprocessgraphics,sound,video,andanimationinadditiontotraditionaldataprocessing,Videocassetterecorders,televisions,telephones,andaudiocassetteplayershaverecentlyundergoneachangeintechnologyfromanalogtodigitalformats.Televisionimages,forexample,canbeprocessedbycomputerprogramsoncetheyhavebeenconvertedtodigitalsignals,whilethoseinconventionalanalogsignalscannot.Inotherwords,digitalvideoimagescanbezoomedupordown,reshaped,orrearrangedbytheappropriatesoftware.Also,duetoadvancesinvideo-signalcompressiontechnology,thememoryspacerequiredforstoringavideoprogramhasbeengreatlyreduced.

Multimediahasimportantapplicationsforconsumerproductsandforbusinessneeds.Videoscenesthatarecapturedbycamcorderscanbecombinedwithtext,sound,anddataandcanbeviewedontelevisionsetsinhomes,schools,oroffices.Thesemultimediapresentationsarebecomingusefuleducationalandcommercialtools.Forexample,thereareavailableencyclopediasthatcontainvideoprogramsdepictinganimalbehavior,geoinorphicprocessing,andothernaturalphenomena.Automobilemechanicscanwatchvideosthatdemonstratehowtorepairnewmodels.Inbusinessapplications,documentscanbeannotatedwithvoiceorvideo.Newconsumerproductscanbemoreeffectivelymarketedbydemonstratinghowtheycanbeused.CD-ROMsofnumerousothersubjectshavebeenrecentlypublished;allofthemcanbeviewedonTVmonitorsusingmultimediacomputers.Thesemultimediacomputersystemscan,inturn,beincorporatedintocomputernetworks,enhancingtheeffectivenessofcommunication.

Thismultitudeofnewproductsandcapabilitieshasbeenmadepossiblebythetremendousprogressofmicroprocessortechnology.Becauseoftheadvancesinthisarea,personalcomputershavebecomemorepowerful,smaller,andlessexpensive,whichhasenabledcomputernetworkstoproliferate.Manyofthetasksthatweretraditionallyperformedbymainframeshavebeentransferredtopersonalcomputersconnectedtocommunicationsnetworks.Althoughthemainframe,continuestobeproducedandservesausefulpurpose,ithasbeenusedmoreoftenasoneofmanydifferentcomputersandperipheraldevicesconnectedtocomputernetworks.Inthisnewrole,thefunctionofmainframesaspowerfulprocessorsofdatabasesystemsisbecomingimportant,and,asaresult,massivelyparallelcomputerswithhundredsorthousandsofmicroprocessorsarebeingproduced.Inadditiontobeingpowerful,themicroprocessorsusedforthispurposemustbeinexpensivebutlowcostscanbeachievedonlyiftheyaremass-produced.Throughouttheworld,morethan100,000,000personalcomputersand500,000workstationsareinuse,whereasonlyseveralhundredsupercomputersareinoperation;thenumbersofmainframesandminicomputersfallsomewherebetweenthoseofsupercomputersandworkstations.Becauseofsuchhigh-volumeproduction,microprocessorsforpersonalcomputersorworkstationstendtobeinexpensiveandareavailableforuseinmassivelyparallelcomputersaswell.

1.Multimediacomputers（

）.

2.Theunderlinedword“annotated”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans（

）.

3.Accordingtothispassage,

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisapropertitleforthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.canprocessanythingbutdigitaldata

B.canevenprocesstelevisionimages

C.arerarelyusedineducation

D.havefewbusinessapplications

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.explained

B.forwarded

C.prepared

D.presented

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.themarketformultimediacomputershasbecomesaturated

B.mostmainframeshavebeentransformedintopersonalcomputers

C.mostpersonalcomputershavebecomemuchmorepowerfulthanmainframes

D.thelowcostsofmicroprocessorshavebeenachievedthankstothehigh-volumeproduction

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.MultimediaComputers

B.MicroprocessorTechnology

C.ComputerNetworks

D.ChangingRoleofComputers

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“多媒體計(jì)算機(jī)……”。文章第一段提到“例如，電視畫面一旦被轉(zhuǎn)化成數(shù)字信號(hào)，那么它就能被電腦程序處理，但是傳統(tǒng)模擬信號(hào)不可以”（Televisionimages,forexample,canbeprocessedbycomputerprogramsoncetheyhavebeenconvertedtodigitalsignals,whilethoseinconventionalanalogsignalscannot），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.詞義題。題目問的是“第二段劃線詞annotated的意思是……”。文章第二段提到“新的消費(fèi)產(chǎn)品可以通過展示它們?nèi)绾问褂眠@種方法來更有效地營銷”(Newconsumerproductscanbemoreeffectivelymarketedbydemonstratinghowtheycanbeused)，由此可推測annotated有“解釋”的意思，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“通過這篇文章……”。文章最后一段提到“由于這種大批量生產(chǎn)，用于個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)或工作站的微處理器往往比較便宜，也可以用于大規(guī)模并行計(jì)算機(jī)中”（Becauseofsuchhigh-volumeproduction,microprocessorsforpersonalcomputersorworkstationstendtobeinexpensiveandareavailableforuseinmassivelyparallelcomputersaswell），因此選項(xiàng)D“微處理器的低成本得益于大批量生產(chǎn)”符合題意。

4.主旨大意題。題目問的是“最適合本文的題目是……”。文章由第一段提出“多媒體電腦”（multimediacomputers）這個(gè)話題，隨后對(duì)其應(yīng)用和開發(fā)進(jìn)行了敘述，因此選項(xiàng)A“多媒體電腦”符合題意。

5.單選題

Shewondered（

）shecouldhavetheopportunitytospend（

）here（

）shecouldlearnmoreaboutthecity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.if;sometime;sothat

B.how;sometime;sothat

C.when;sometimes;sothat

D.if;sometime;suchthat

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法、詞語辨析與原因狀語從句用法。第一個(gè)空格后接一個(gè)完整句子，不缺少其他成分，因此空格處詞語引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句，加上空格前的wonder可知此處應(yīng)填if，表示“她想知道是否有機(jī)會(huì)……”；第二空前spend“花（時(shí)間、金錢）”，說明空格處需要填入名詞，sometimes“有時(shí)”，為副詞，sometime“一段時(shí)間”符合用法；第三空，suchthat連用時(shí)such是代詞用法，sothat“所以；因此；以便”可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語，本句表示“她想知道是否有機(jī)會(huì)在這兒呆上一段時(shí)間，以便多了解這座城市”。A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Thepatient’sprogresswasencouraging,ashecould（

）getoutofbedwithouthelp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.only

B.nearly

C.hardly

D.badly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析?？崭窈笫莿?dòng)詞，因此空格處填入副詞修飾。A選項(xiàng)only“只，僅僅”；B選項(xiàng)nearly“差不多；密切地”；C選項(xiàng)hardly“幾乎不；剛剛”；D選項(xiàng)badly“非常；嚴(yán)重地”。句意：病人的進(jìn)步是令人鼓舞的，因?yàn)樗恍枰獛椭湍芟麓?。由句中“encouraging”可知，此處表示病人“幾乎不需要幫助就可下床”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Despiterepeated（

）byeducationalauthoritiesforconcretemeasurestoreducestudents’burdens，littlehaschanged.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.directions

B.recommendations

C.advice

D.calls

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管教務(wù)部再三呼吁減輕學(xué)生負(fù)擔(dān)，但是幾乎沒有改變。direction“指示”；recommendation“推薦；建議”；advice“建議”；calls“呼吁”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Withintenyearstheyhavetamedthe（

）hillintogreenwoods.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vacant

B.barren

C.weird

D.wasteful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vacant“空虛的；空的；空閑的”；B選項(xiàng)barren“貧瘠的，荒蕪的；不生育的；無益的”；C選項(xiàng)weird“怪異的；超自然的”；D選項(xiàng)wasteful“浪費(fèi)的；不經(jīng)濟(jì)的；奢侈的”。句意：十年之內(nèi)，他們將那座……山開墾成了綠林。由句意可知此處表示“荒山”，能表示此義的只有B選項(xiàng)barrenhill“荒山”。

9.翻譯題

Familyis,ifanything,thelinkbetweengenerations,thefocalpointofsocialreproduction,andculturaltransmission.Thewholepointofmarriageisthatitimposesclearobligations,notjusttherighttopursueyourownhappiness.Andthemainobligationistoprovidebothemotionalandpracticalnurtureforchildren.Theglowofburningpassionmaywellhavefaded,yourloveforyourspousemaynotbeasexcitingorsatisfyingasitoncewas,butgoingoffinsearchofanotherlovewillnothelpyourchildren.TheLoveFamilyiseithertooamorphousforchildren,orit’stoounstable,with,adultsmovingoniftherelationshipnolongeranswerstheirsearch,forperfecthappiness.Iwouldventuretosuggestthatloveisnotenoughtosustainanongoingmaritalrelationship.TheLoveFamily,intheend,doesn'thavetocare.Andunfetteredfreedomwillbecomeourchain,leavinguswithnorecoursebutlonelyisolation.

【答案】如果硬要說什么的話，家庭是世代之間的紐帶，是社會(huì)再生產(chǎn)和文化傳播的焦點(diǎn)。婚姻的全部意義在于它強(qiáng)加了它的明確的義務(wù)，而不僅僅是追求自己幸福的權(quán)利。它主要的職責(zé)是為孩子們提供情感和實(shí)際的培養(yǎng)。激情燃燒的光芒可能已經(jīng)消退，你對(duì)配偶的愛可能不像過去那么令人興奮或滿足，但去尋找另一種愛對(duì)你的孩子沒有幫助。對(duì)于孩子來說，愛的家庭要么太不定形，要么太不穩(wěn)定。如果這種關(guān)系不再滿足他們對(duì)完美幸福的追求，成年人就會(huì)繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。我敢說，愛不足以維持一段持續(xù)的婚姻關(guān)系。愛的家庭，最終，不必在意。不受約束的自由將成為我們的枷鎖，使我們沒有任何依靠，只有孤獨(dú)和孤立。

10.單選題

The（

）theyfeltforeachotherwasobvioustoeveryonewhosawthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.affection

B.adherence

C.sensibility

D.sensitivity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)affection“喜愛；感情；感染；影響”；B選項(xiàng)adherence“堅(jiān)持；依附；忠誠”；C選項(xiàng)sensibility“敏感性；識(shí)別力；感覺”；D選項(xiàng)sensitivity“敏感；敏感性；過敏”。句意：每一個(gè)看到他們的人都知道他們對(duì)彼此的……。綜合句意和選項(xiàng)可知，此處能讓人看出來的是對(duì)彼此的“感情”，A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Yourblunttreatmentofdisputeswouldputotherpeopleinanegativeframeof（

）,withtheresultthattheywouldnotbeabletoacceptyourproposal.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mind

B.idea

C.intention

D.wish

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你對(duì)爭論的處理方式會(huì)讓其他人心情糟糕，結(jié)果就是他們不會(huì)接受你的提議。mind“理智；精神”；idea“想法”；intention“意圖，目的”；wish“希望，愿望”。

12.單選題

Hisillnessfirst（

）itselfasseverestomachpainsandheadaches.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expressed

B.manifested

C.reflected

D.displayed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)express“表達(dá)；快遞”；B選項(xiàng)manifest“表明；（病癥）顯現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)reflect“反映；反射”；D選項(xiàng)display“顯示；表現(xiàn)”。句意：他的病最初……為嚴(yán)重的胃痛和頭痛。與“病癥”相關(guān)的“表現(xiàn)癥狀”只有B選項(xiàng)符合。

13.單選題

Everyday,manypeoplecometovisitthe（

）oftheoldcastle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.location

B.highland

C.site

D.desert

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每天都有人來參觀城堡的遺址。location“場所”；highland“高低”；site“遺址”；desert“沙漠”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

14.單選題

Kneadthedoughuntilitissmoothand（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flexible

B.loose

C.elastic

D.resourceful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)flexible“靈活的；柔韌的；易彎曲的”；B選項(xiàng)loose“寬松的；散漫的；不牢固的”；C選項(xiàng)elastic“（物理上的）有彈性的；靈活的；易伸縮的”；D選項(xiàng)resourceful“資源豐富的；足智多謀的；機(jī)智的”。句意：把面團(tuán)揉得光滑又……。面要筋道就得有彈性，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.翻譯題

金銀玉器是一個(gè)總稱，通指對(duì)金、銀等金屬材質(zhì)及玉石進(jìn)行鍛煉、雕琢加工而成的佩戴裝飾品或觀賞工藝品。

我國金銀器的制造和使用已有三千多年的歷史。在商代青銅文化聞名于世的同時(shí)，就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了金器。從傳世文物上來看，金銀器品種繁多，應(yīng)用廣泛。小到金銀首飾，大到佛塔供器，無不可以發(fā)現(xiàn)金銀器的蹤影。普通人家只是將金銀器用作佩飾可收藏，官宦人家則更用作飲食、生活用具，而宮廷中金銀器的使用則遍及佛事、飲食起居、冠服車馬、陳設(shè)裝飾等各個(gè)方面。從中可以想見金銀器對(duì)我們傳統(tǒng)文化及日常生活的深刻影響。

玉器是指用玉石手工雕刻琢磨而成，用于佩戴裝飾或陳設(shè)觀賞的藝術(shù)品。早期的玉器多用作禮器，少數(shù)用作佩飾。從良渚、紅山文化遺址中出土的古玉來看，新石器時(shí)期的玉器用作祭祀、陪葬的禮器外，還有辟邪的神秘意味，同時(shí)還是權(quán)力、財(cái)富和尊貴的象征，用玉的階層也只限于王公貴族。宋代以后，玉器的使用逐漸普及，大量的玉器皿、玉佩飾也進(jìn)入了尋常百姓之家。玉在中國傳統(tǒng)文化中具有特殊的意義，中國也贏得了“玉器之國”的美譽(yù)。

【答案】Gold,silverandjadewaresarethegenericterm,whichusuallyreferstobaldricorornamentalartsandcraftspolishedandcarvedoutofmetalmaterialslikegoldandsilverandjade.

Themanufactureanduseofgoldandsilverwarehasalreadyhadahistoryofmorethan3000yearsinourcountry.Goldwarehasappearedwhilebronzeculturewaswell-knownintheworldintheShangdynasty.Accordingtoculturalrelicshandeddownfromancienttimes,therearemanycategoriesinthegoldandsilverwarethathasbeenappliedinmanyfields.Goldandsilverwarescanbeseenanywhere,rangingfromgoldandsilverjewellerytoBuddhisttowerandworshippingutensils.Goldandsilverwaresaremerelyusedasbaldricthatcanbecollectedinaveragefamily,andtheyarefurtherusedasdietandlifeappliancesinanofficialfamily.Buttheuseofgoldandsilverwaresinthepalaceinvolvesallrespects,suchasBuddhistceremony,dietanddailylife,crownclothingandcoach,furnishingsanddecoration,etc.,fromwhichwecanimaginethattheinfluenceofgoldandsilverwareshasbeenreflectedprofoundlyinourtraditionalcultureanddailylife.

Jadewarereferstotheworkofartmanuallycarvedandpolishedoutofjadeandusedforwearingandornamentationorfurnishingsandappreciation.Mostoftheearlyjadeswereusedasritualvessel,andthenumberofbaldricisverysmall.IntermsofancientjadesunearthedintheLiangzhuandHongshanculturalrelics,apartfrombeingusedasritualvesselsinsacrificialandfuneraryactivities,jadewareintheNeolithicperiodalsohadthemysteriousmeaningofprotectingagainstevilspirits,aswellasasymbolofpower,wealth,anddignity.Furthermore,theuseofjadewaslimitedtoroyaltyandnobility.AftertheSongDynasty,theuseofjadearticlewasmoreandmorepopular,mostofjadewaresorjadeornamentscouldbeseenincommonfamily.JadeisendowedwithaspecialmeaninginthetraditionalChineseculture,andChinahasalsowonagoodreputationof“countryofjade”.

16.單選題

TheAleuts,residingonseveralislandsoftheAleutianChain,thePribilofIslands,andtheAlaskanPeninsula,havepossessedawrittenlanguagesince1825,whentheRussianmissionaryIvanVeniaminovselectedappropriateoftheCyrillicalphabettorepresentAleutspeechsounds,recordedthemainbodyofAleutvocabulary,andformulatedgrammaticalrules.TheCzaristRussianconquestoftheproud,independentseahunterswassodevastatinglythoroughthattribaltraditions,eventribalmemories,werealmostdestroyed.Thebrutalkillingofthemajorityofanadultgenerationwassufficienttodestroythecontinuityoftribalknowledge,whichwasdependentuponoraltransmission.Asaconsequence,theAleutsdevelopedapassionatedevotiontotheirlanguageastheironlyculturalheritage.

TheRussianoccupationplacedaheavylinguisticburdenontheAleuts.NotonlyweretheycompelledtolearnRussiantoconversewiththeiroverseersandgovernors,buttheyhadtolearnOldSlavonictotakeanactivepartinchurchservicesaswellastomastertheskillofreadingandwritingtheirowntongue.In1867,whentheUnitedStatespurchasedAlaska,theAleutswereunabletobreaksharplywiththeirimmediatepastandsubstituteEnglishforanyoneoftheirthreelanguages.

TocommunicantsoftheRussianOrthodoxChurchknowledgeofSlavonicremainedvital,asdidRussian,thelanguageinwhichoneconversedwiththeclergy.TheAleutscametoregardEnglisheducationasadevicetowithdrawthemfromtheirreligiousfaith.TheintroductionofcompulsoryEnglishschoolingcausedaminorrebirthofRussiancultureastheAleutparentssoughttocounteracttheinfluenceoftheschoolroom.TheharshlifeoftheRussiancolonialrulebegantoappearmorehappyandbeautifulinretrospect.

RegulationsforbiddinginstructioninanylanguageotherthanEnglishincreaseditsunpopularity.ThesuperficialalphabeticalresemblanceofRussianandAleutlinkedthetwotonguessocloselythateveryrestrictionagainstteachingRussianwasinterpretedasanattempttoeradicatetheAleuttongue.Fromthewordingofmanyregulations,itappearsthatAmericanadministratorsoftenhadnottheslightestideathattheAleutsweresecretlyreadingandwritingtheirowntongueorevenhadwrittenlanguageoftheirown.Totoomanyofficials,anythinginCyrillicletterswasRussianandsomethingtobestampedout.BitternessbredbyabusesandtheexploitationstheAleutssufferedfrompredatoryAmericantradersandadventurerskeptalivetheAleutresentmentagainstthelanguagespokenbyAmericans.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithdescribing（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasthemostimportantreasonfortheAleuts’devotiontotheirlanguage?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthe“threelanguages”mentionedattheendofParagraphTwo?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthereligiousbeliefsoftheAleutscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.WhichlanguagewasneededwiththeRussianOrthodoxChurch?

6.Thepassageshowsthatitissometimesdifficulttoidentifythedifferencesbetween

（

）.

7.Thepassageisdevelopedprimarilyby（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americangovernment’sattemptstopersuadetheAleutstouseEnglishasasecondlanguage.

B.theAleut’sloyaltytotheirlanguageandtheAmericans’failuretounderstandit.

C.howtheRussianoccupationofAlaskacreatedawrittenlanguagefortheAleuts.

D.thetreatmentofAlaskaninhabitantsbyRussianandtheU.S.beforeandafter1867.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theinventionofawrittenversionoftheirlanguage.

B.Thedestructionoftheiroraltransmissionoftribalknowledge.

C.TheintroductionofOldSlavonicorworship.

D.TheirdevotiontotheRussianOrthodoxChurch.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Russian

B.OldSlavonic

C.TheAleuttongue

D.Thelanguagetaughtatschoolsince1867.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.PriortotheRussianoccupationtheyhadnoreligiousbeliefs.

B.Americantradersandadventuresforcedthemtoabandonallreligiousbeliefs.

C.AtnotimeintheirhistoryhavetheAleutshadanorganizedreligion.

D.TheRussiansforcedAleutstobecomemembersoftheRussianOrthodoxChurch

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.English

B.Cyrillic

C.Aleut

D.Slavonic

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.RussianandAleut.

B.BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.

C.RussiancolonialrulesandtheAmericanregulations.

D.theAmericansandAleutsintermsofreligiousbeliefs.

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.testingtheevidencesupportingatheory

B.weighingtheprosandconsofaplan

C.de