2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國藝術(shù)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號99

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國藝術(shù)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

一九七八年，我們黨召開具有重大歷史意義的十一屆三中全會，開啟了改革開放歷史新時期。從那時以來，中國共產(chǎn)黨人和中國人民以一往無前的進(jìn)取精神和波瀾壯闊的創(chuàng)新實踐，譜寫了中華民族自強(qiáng)不息、頑強(qiáng)奮進(jìn)新的壯麗史詩，中國人民的面貌、社會主義中國的面貌、中國共產(chǎn)黨的面貌發(fā)生了歷史性變化。改革開放是黨在新的時代條件下帶領(lǐng)人民進(jìn)行的新的偉大革命，目的就是要解放和發(fā)展社會生產(chǎn)力，實現(xiàn)國家現(xiàn)代化，讓中國人民富裕起來，振興偉大的中華民族。

【答案】In1978,ourPartyconvenedthethirdPlenarySessionofthe11thCentralCommitteeoftheCPCwithgreathistoricalsignificance,openinganewhistoricalperiodofreformandopeningup.Sincethen,theChineseCommunistsandtheChinesepeople,withtheirindomitablespiritofenterpriseandgreatinnovationandpractice,havewrittenanewepicofperseveranceandfortitudefortheChinesenation.HistoricchangeshavetakenplaceinthefaceoftheChinesepeople,socialistChinaandtheCommunistPartyofChina.ReformandopeningupisagreatnewrevolutionthatthePartyisleadingthepeopletocarryoutinthenewera.Itspurposeistoliberateanddeveloptheproductiveforces,modernizethecountry,enrichtheChinesepeopleandrevitalizethegreatChinesenation.

2.單選題

Cultureisthetotalsumofallthetraditions,customs,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,undeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.

Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguistthereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.

Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsassavage,undevelopedformsofspeech,consistinglargelyofgruntsandgroans.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof“backward”languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex,delicate,andingeniouspiecesofmachineryforthetransferofideas.TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyfullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflectstheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisdepartment,however,twothingsaretobenoted:1.Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.2.Theobjectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin“backward”languages,whiledifferentfromours,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.Anaccidentallanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness(“this”and“that”);somelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthefuture.

Thisstudyoflanguage,inturn,castsanewlightupontheclaimoftheanthropologiststhatallculturearetobeviewedindependently,andwithoutideasofrankorhierarchy.

1.ThelanguageofuncivilizedgroupsascomparedtoWesternlanguagesarelimitedin（）.

2.Theauthorsaysthatprofessionallinguistsrecognizethat（）.

3.Thearticlestatesthatgrunt-and-groanformsofspeecharefound（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,languages,whethercivilizedornot,have（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedbutnotarticulatedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.soundpatterns

B.vocabularies

C.grammaticalstructures

D.bothAandB

問題2選項

A.WesternlanguagesaresuperiortoEasternlanguages

B.Alllanguagescamefromgruntsandgroans

C.Thehierarchyoflanguagesisdifficulttounderstand

D.Thereisnohierarchyoflanguages

問題3選項

A.nowheretoday

B.amongtheAustralianaborigines

C.amongEasterncultures

D.amongpeoplespeaking“backward”languages

問題4選項

A.thepotentialforexpandingvocabulary

B.theirownsoundpatterns

C.anabilitytotransferideas

D.grammaticalstructures

問題5選項

A.Thestudyoflanguageshasdiscreditedanthropologicalstudies.

B.Thestudyoflanguagehasreinforcedanthropologistsintheirviewthatthereisnohierarchyamongcultures.

C.Thestudyoflanguageisthesameasthestudyofanthropologists.

D.Thestudyoflanguagescastsanewlightupontheclaimofanthropologists.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段的第四句“TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyfullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflectstheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.它們（不文明群體的語言）落后于我們的西方語言，通常不是在完全滿足所有語言所需要的聲音模式或語法結(jié)構(gòu)上，而只是在反映說話者所知道的對象和活動的詞匯上?！庇纱丝芍?，與西方語言相比，不文明群體的語言在詞匯方面受到限制，所以選項B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第二段的內(nèi)容“對于專業(yè)的人類學(xué)家來說，文化之間沒有本質(zhì)上的優(yōu)越，正如對于專業(yè)的語言學(xué)家來說，語言之間也沒有本質(zhì)上的等級關(guān)系?！庇纱丝芍?，選項D符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段一、二句的內(nèi)容“人們曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為落后群體的語言是野蠻的、不發(fā)達(dá)的語言形式，主要由咕噥和呻吟組成。雖然語言可能是從一系列的咕噥和呻吟開始的，但對‘落后’語言的研究證實，現(xiàn)在的口語語言都不符合這一描述?！币簿褪钦f，咕噥和呻吟的語言形式現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在了，所以選項A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第三段提及“Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.所有的語言似乎都有擴(kuò)充詞匯的機(jī)制，它們可以把已經(jīng)存在的詞匯組合在一起，也可以從其他語言中借用詞匯并使其適應(yīng)自己的系統(tǒng)?！庇纱丝芍髡哒J(rèn)為語言無論文明與否，都有擴(kuò)大詞匯量的潛力，選項A符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一段的內(nèi)容“這種對語言的研究，反過來又為人類學(xué)家的主張?zhí)峁┝诵碌木€索，即所有的文化都應(yīng)該被獨立地看待，沒有等級或?qū)蛹壍挠^念?！边x項A和選項C在文中沒有信息體現(xiàn)；D選項是原文明確提出的觀點，不符合題干的意思。B選項“對語言的研究強(qiáng)化了人類學(xué)家的觀點，即文化之間沒有等級之分”與最后一段表達(dá)的意思一致，所以正確。

3.單選題

He（）incourtthathehadseentheprisonerrunoutofthebankafterithadbeenrobbed.

問題1選項

A.justified

B.witnessed

C.testified

D.identified

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項justify“證明合法，證明……是正當(dāng)?shù)摹保籅選項witness“目擊，證明，為……作證”；C選項testify“作證，證明”；D選項identify“確定，鑒定，識別”。四個選項都可以表示“作證，證明”，但testifyincourt是固定用法，表示“出庭作證”，所以選項C正確。

4.單選題

Theformandphysiologyofleavesvaryaccordingtothe（）inwhichtheydevelop:forexample,leavesdisplayawiderangeofadaptationstodifferentdegreesoflightandmoisture.

問題1選項

A.relationship

B.environment

C.sequence

D.arrangement

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項relationship“關(guān)系，關(guān)聯(lián)”；B選項environment“環(huán)境，外界”；C選項sequence“序列，順序，續(xù)發(fā)事件”；D選項arrangement“布置，安排”。句意：葉片的形態(tài)和生理機(jī)能因其生長環(huán)境的不同而不同：例如，葉片對不同程度的光照和濕度表現(xiàn)出廣泛的適應(yīng)性。選項B符合語境。

5.單選題

Inthefilmwesawlastnight,thehero（）hiswifetodeathwithhissword.

問題1選項

A.throat

B.thrust

C.trust

D.thread

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近異義動詞辨析。A選項throat“用嗓音說”；B選項thrust“插入，猛刺”；C選項trust“信任”；D選項thread“通過，穿線于”。句意：在我們昨晚看的電影中，英雄用劍刺死了他的妻子。選項B符合語境。

6.單選題

Leo.Tolstoywas（）asthegreatestwriterofthe20thcentury.

問題1選項

A.saluted

B.estimated

C.scaled

D.measured

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項salute“敬禮，致敬”；B選項estimate“估計，判斷”；C選項scale“測量，攀登”；D選項measure“測量，估量”。句意“列夫?托爾斯泰被譽為20世紀(jì)最偉大的作家。”選項A符合語境。

7.單選題

Heisanactorof（）whohasneverabandonedhisprinciplesforthesakeofhisownbenefits.

問題1選項

A.integrity

B.stability

C.scarcity

D.dignity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項integrity“完整，正直，誠實”；B選項stability“穩(wěn)定性，堅定”；C選項scarcity“不足，缺乏”；D選項dignity“尊嚴(yán)，高貴”。句意“他是一個正直的演員，從不為了自己的利益而放棄自己的原則。”選項A符合語境。

8.單選題

Acomputerprogramcanprovideinformationinwaysthatforcestudentsto（）learninginsteadofbeingmerelyrecipientsofknowledge.

問題1選項

A.shoreup

B.accedeto

C.participatein

D.compensatefor

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項shoreup“支持，加固”；B選項accedeto“加入，同意”；C選項participatein“參加，參與，分享”；D選項compensatefor“賠償，補償”。句意：計算機(jī)程序可以提供信息，迫使學(xué)生參與學(xué)習(xí)，而不僅僅是知識的接受者。選項C符合語境。

9.單選題

Thedramaawardsprovidea(n)（）foryoungpeopletoimprovetheirperformingskills.

問題1選項

A.captive

B.fugitive

C.initiative

D.incentive

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項captive“俘虜，迷戀者”；B選項fugitive“逃亡者，難捕捉之物”；C選項initiative“主動權(quán)，首創(chuàng)精神”；D選項incentive“動機(jī)，刺激”。句意“戲劇獎能夠激勵年輕人提高他們的表演技巧。”選項D符合語境。

10.單選題

TheInternet,E-commerceandglobalizationaremakinganeweconomicerapossible.Inthefuture,capitalistmarketswilllargelybereplacedbyanewkindofeconomicsystembasedonnetworkedrelationships,contractualarrangementsandaccessrights.

Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?IhaveaskedthisquestionofhundredsofCEOSandcorporateexecutivesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,“No,quitecontrary.”Theverypeopleresponsibleforusheringinwhatsomehavecalleda“technologicalrenaissance”saytheyareworkinglongerhours,feelmorestressed,aremoreimpatient,andareevenlesscivilintheirdealingswithcolleaguesandfriends—nottomentionstrangers.Andwhat'smorerevealing,theyplacemuchoftheblameontheverysametechnologiestheyaresoaggressivelychampioning.

Thetechnoguruspromisedusthataccesswouldmakelifemoreconvenientandgiveusmoretime.Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.

Ifanearliergenerationwaspreoccupiedwiththequesttoencloseavastgeographicfrontier,generation,itseems,ismorecaughtupinthecolonizationoftime.Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.Oure-mail,voicemailandcellphones,our24-hourInteractnewsandentertainmentallseizeforourattention.

Andwhilewehavecreatedeverykindoflabor-andtime-savingdevicetoserviceourneeds,wearebeginningtofeellikewehavelesstimeavailabletousthananyotherhumansinhistory.Thatisbecausethegreatproliferationoflabor-and-time-savingservicesonlyincreasesthediversity,paceandflowofcommodifiedactivityaroundus.Forexample,e-mailisagreatconvenience.However,wenowfindourselvesspendingmuchofourdayfranticallyrespondingtoeachother’selectronicmessages.Thecellphoneisagreattime-saver.Exceptnowwearealwayspotentiallyinreachofsomeoneelsewhowantsourattention.

Socialconservativestalkaboutthedeclineincivilityandblameitonthelossofamoralcompassandreligiousvalues.Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?

Maybeweneedtoaskwhatkindsofconnectionsreallycountandwhattypesofaccessreallymatterinthee-economyera.Ifthisnewtechnologyrevolutionisonlyabouthyperefficiency,thenwerisklosingsomethingevenpreciousthantime—oursenseofwhatitmeanstobeacaringhumanbeing.

1.Accordingtothepassage,corporateexecutivesthinkthat（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Wgeneration?

4.Inthesixthparagraph,theauthorimpliedthat（）.

5.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe（）.

問題1選項

A.technologyrenaissanceshouldbepushedforward.

B.technologyhasaprofoundimpactontheirlives.

C.technologyactuallyresultsinadeclineintheirlifequality.

D.technologyshouldbeaggressivelychampioned.

問題2選項

A.Technologywassupposedtofreepeople.

B.Tgenerationbecameslavesoftechnology.

C.Newtechnologiesoccupymuchofourtime.

D.Itisdifficulttoavoidtheinfluenceoftechnologywonders.

問題3選項

A.Technologicalwonders.

B.Accesstoinformation.

C.Time.

D.Timesavingdevices.

問題4選項

A.socialconservativesblamedthelossofmoralityontechnology.

B.generationwaslesscivilthantheearliergenerations.

C.thehyperspeedcultureledtothedeclineincivility.

D.technologymightmakepeoplelessimpatient.

問題5選項

A.TheNewInternetLife.

B.TheDrawbacksoftooMuchAccess.

C.TheFailureofTechnologicalRenaissance.

D.TheDecliningQualityofLife.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?...“No,quitecontrary.”（我們在工作、家庭和社區(qū)的生活質(zhì)量是否與我們生活中引入的所有新互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和企業(yè)對企業(yè)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)成正比？……“不，完全相反?！保┛芍狢選項“技術(shù)實際上導(dǎo)致了他們生活質(zhì)量的下降”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.（相反，本應(yīng)解放我們的科技奇跡，卻開始把我們束縛在一個似乎無法輕易擺脫的聯(lián)系網(wǎng)中）但并不是說網(wǎng)絡(luò)一代變成了技術(shù)的奴隸，因此選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.（我們的每一個空閑時間都充滿了某種形式的商業(yè)聯(lián)系，使時間本身成為所有資源中最稀缺的）可知選C。

4.推理判斷題。文章第六段中的Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?（有沒有人問過，高速發(fā)展的文化是否讓我們所有人都變得不那么有耐心，不太愿意傾聽、推遲、考慮和反思？）可知D選項“科技可能會使人失去耐心”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了科技給人們生活帶來的負(fù)面影響，因此B選項“使用過多的缺點”符合題意。

11.單選題

Ifyouneverreviewyourstagelines,youwillonlyhaveyourselfto（）ifyoufailinyourperformance.

問題1選項

A.complain

B.mistake

C.blame

D.fault

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。toblame意為“該受責(zé)備；怪罪；應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)”。句意“如果你從不復(fù)習(xí)你的臺詞，假如在表演時失敗了，你只能怪你自己?！边x項C符合語境。

12.單選題

GreatBritainandFrancewillholda（）regardingsomeEuropeaneconomicproblems.

問題1選項

A.conference

B.reference

C.conversion

D.cooperation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項conference“會議，討論，協(xié)商”；B選項reference“參考，涉及”；C選項conversion“轉(zhuǎn)換”；D選項cooperation“合作”。句意：英國和法國將就一些歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)問題舉行會議。選項A符合語境。

13.單選題

Theauthorofthebookhasshownhisremarkablykeen（）intohumannature.

問題1選項

A.intellect

B.insight

C.perception

D.understanding

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項intellect“智力，理解力”；B選項insight“洞察力，洞悉”；C選項perception“知覺，感覺”；D選項understanding“理解”。句意：這本書的作者對人性有非常敏銳的洞察力。選項B符合語境。

14.單選題

WhenPH.D.candidates（）theirimpendingprofessorships,theyconsiderhousingbenefitsofferedbytheprospectiveuniversity.

問題1選項

A.anticipate

B.assume

C.apply

D.demand

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項anticipate“預(yù)期，預(yù)計（并做準(zhǔn)備）”；B選項assume“設(shè)想，假定”；C選項apply“申請，應(yīng)用”；D選項demand“強(qiáng)烈要求”。句意：當(dāng)博士申請者在為即將到來的教授職位做準(zhǔn)備時，他們會考慮未來大學(xué)提供的住房福利。選項A符合語境。

15.單選題

Aftera37-yearadvertisingcareeratYoung&Rubicam,PeterA.Georgescuisfindingtimetopromoteafewcausesthatareasdeartohim.

Mr.Georgescu,66,whooncemanagedwell-knowncampaignslikethe“SofterSideofSears,”retiredaschairmanandchiefexecutiveofYoung&Rubicamin2000,buthesaysheisnowin“themostwonderfulchapterofmylife.”

Itisanaptmetaphorbecausehisbook,TheSourceofSuccess(Jossey-Bass,$27.95)isbeingpublishedthismonth.ThebookaimstoexplainwhatMr.GeorgescuviewsasthetwomajorchallengesfacingAmerica:economiccompetitionfromtheemergingeconomiesofChinaandIndiaandaneedtofostermorecreativitywithinAmericancompanies.

“Theonlywaythisnationcancompetewiththosethatproducehigh-qualityproductsatalowerpriceisbygeneratingideasthatbuildaspecialrelationshipwithconsumers,”hesaid.“Everyonehasbuildingsandtechnology;thosearecommodities.Theonlyleverageableassetinthefuturewillbecreativity.”

AnyprofitfromhisbookwillgotoacharitycalledBetterChance,whichfindsbrightchildreninsomeofthenation'spoorestneighborhoodsandhelpsthemtoattendoutstandinghighschools,includingprivateprepschoolslikethePhillipsExeterAcademyinNewHampshire.

Mr.Georgescu,anExeteralumnus,receivedabachelor'sdegreeinpoliticalsciencefromPrincetonandanM.B.A.fromStanfordbeforestartingatYoung&Rubicamin1963.

HesaidhecountedhimselfluckytohavegainedadmissiontoExeterin1954,whenhearrivedintheUnitedStatesattheageof15fromhisnativeRomaniaafterspendingsevenyearsinaCommunistlaborcamp.

“Ihadbeencleaningsewers,andIspokelittleEnglish,butsomeonegavemeachance,”hesaid.“Iwanttodothatforotheryoungpeoplewhoaredisadvantaged.”

HealsovolunteersasaboardmemberoftheNewYorkPhilharmonic.Inthebusinessworld,heholdsthetitleofchairmanemeritusofYoung&Rubicamandservesasadirectorforseveralcompanies.

Heandhiswife,Barbara,liveinManhattanandhaveasonandthreegranddaughters.Herisesat6a.m.mostdaystorunfivemiles,partlyalongtheEastRiver.

“That'showItorturemyself,”hesaid.

1.Fromthefirst3paragraphsweknowthatMr.Georgescuis（）.

2.WhatareMr.GeorgescuviewsaboutthemajorchallengesfacingAmerica?

3.AccordingtoMr.Georgescu,thefutureofeconomiccompetitionliesin（）.

4.Wemayinferfromthecontextthat“Exeter”(Line1,Para.6)isthenameof（）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（）.

問題1選項

A.anauthor

B.anadvertiser

C.theauthorofthe“SofterSideofSears”

D.chairmanandchiefexecutiveofYoung&Rubicam

問題2選項

A.ChinaandIndia.

B.Competitionandcreativity.

C.Competitionfromtheemergingeconomies.

D.AneedtofostermorecreativitywithinAmericancompanies.

問題3選項

A.goodideas

B.consumers

C.commodities

D.creativity

問題4選項

A.ahighschool

B.acharity

C.asmalltown

D.arefugeeshelter

問題5選項

A.AManager’s37-yearAdvertisingCareer

B.TheSourceofSuccess

C.TwoMajorChallengesFacingAmerica

D.AGratefulStudentReturnstheFavor

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。原文第一段提及，作者曾經(jīng)是一名廣告商，而題干問的是現(xiàn)在的職業(yè)，所以選項B錯誤；“SofterSideofSears”是一場活動不是書名，選項C錯誤；選項D同樣也是他過去的職位，所以不正確。原文第三段提及，他的新書《成功之源》即將出版，由此可知，他是一名作者，所以選項A正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“ThebookaimstoexplainwhatMr.GeorgescuviewsasthetwomajorchallengesfacingAmerica:economiccompetitionfromtheemergingeconomiesofChinaandIndiaandaneedtofostermorecreativitywithinAmericancompanies.這本書的目的是解釋Georgescu所認(rèn)為的美國面臨的兩大挑戰(zhàn)：來自中國和印度等新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體的經(jīng)濟(jì)競爭，以及培養(yǎng)美國公司更多創(chuàng)造力的需要。”簡而言之，也就是競爭和創(chuàng)造力。所以選項B正確。

3.詞義推斷題。根據(jù)原文第四段的內(nèi)容，Mr.Georgescu認(rèn)為美國要想與那些以較低價格生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品的國家競爭，唯一的辦法就是想出與消費者建立特殊關(guān)系的點子。大家都有建筑和技術(shù)；這些都是商品。未來唯一可以利用的資產(chǎn)將是創(chuàng)造力。由此可知，選項D正確。

4.詞義推斷題。上文提及“‘更好機(jī)會’的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)幫助一些貧困社區(qū)里聰明的孩子上優(yōu)秀的高中，包括新罕布什爾的菲利普斯埃克塞特學(xué)院等私立預(yù)科學(xué)校。”由此可知，“Exeter”指的是高中學(xué)校，所以選項A正確。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是圍繞著Mr.Georgescu的新書《成功之源》展開，所以選項B作為標(biāo)題更恰當(dāng)。

16.單選題

AlandingonMarsiswithinthe（）ofcurrentphysicaltheory.

問題1選項

A.scheme

B.scope

C.scrap

D.scale

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項scheme“計劃，詭計”；B選項scope“范圍，視野”；C選項scrap“碎片，殘余物”；D選項scale“規(guī)模，比例”。句意：在火星上著陸在目前物理理論的范圍之內(nèi)。選項B符合語境。

17.單選題

Providingfirstclassserviceisoneofthetacticstheairlineadoptstoattractpassengers.

問題1選項

A.attitudes

B.methods

C.solutions

D.thoughts

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：提供頭等艙服務(wù)是航空公司吸引乘客的策略之一。A選項attitude“態(tài)度，看法”；B選項method“方法，條理”；C選項solution“解決方案”；D選項thought“想法”。tactic意為“策略，戰(zhàn)略”，選項B代入最符合語境。

18.單選題

Adversecircumstancescompelledhimtoclosehisbusiness.

問題1選項

A.unfamiliar

B.local

C.unfavorable

D.good

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。句意：……環(huán)境迫使他關(guān)閉了生意。A選項unfamiliar“不熟悉的，沒有經(jīng)驗的”；B選項local“當(dāng)?shù)氐?，局部的”；C選項unfavorable“不利的，不宜的”；D選項good“好的”。根據(jù)下文的“closehisbusiness”可知，肯定是不好的環(huán)境導(dǎo)致他停業(yè)，adverse意為“不利的”，選項C與之意思相近。

19.單選題

Theenterpriseintroducedanincentivebonusforhighproductivity.

問題1選項

A.motive

B.initiative

C.encouragement

D.entertainment

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)句意：企業(yè)為了提高生產(chǎn)力引進(jìn)了……獎金。incentive意為“刺激，激勵的”。A選項motive“動機(jī)，目的”；B選項initiative“主動權(quán)，首創(chuàng)精神”；C選項encouragement“鼓勵，激勵”；D選項entertainment“娛樂，消遣，款待”。選項C符合語境。

20.單選題

Therehavebeenseveralattemptstointroducegayercolorsandstylesinmen’sclothing,butnoneofthem（）.

問題1選項

A.hascaughton

B.hascaughthimout

C.hascaughtup

D.takeroots

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項原形是catchon“理解，明白，變得流行”；B選項原形是catchout“發(fā)現(xiàn)……有錯誤”；C選項原形是catchup“趕上”；D選項takeroots“生根，扎根”。句意“曾有幾次嘗試在男裝中引入更鮮艷的顏色和風(fēng)格，但都沒有流行起來”。選項A符合語境。

21.單選題

FamedsingerStevieWondercan’tseehisfansdancingathisconcerts.Hecan’tseethehandsofhisaudienceastheyapplaudwildlyattheendofhissuperstition.

Blindfrombirth,Wonderhaswaitedhiswholelifeforachancetosee.Recently,WondervisitedMarkHumayan,avisionspecialist.HethoughtthatanewdevicecurrentlybeingstudiedbyHumayanmightofferhimthatchance.

Thedevice,aretinalprosthesis,isatinycomputerchipimplantedinsideapatient’seye.Thechipsendsimagestothebrainandallowssomesightlesspeopletoseeshapesandcolors.Wonderhopedtheretinalprosthesismightworkforhim.“I’vealwayssaidthatifeverthere’spossibilityofmyseeing,”saidWonder,“thenIwouldtakethechallenge.”

UnfortunatelyforWonder,thatchallengewillhavetowait.Humayanexplainedthatthedeviceisn’treadyforpeoplewhohavebeenblindsincebirth.Theirbrainsmaynotbeabletohandlesignalsfromaretinalprosthesisbecausetheirbrainshaveneverhandledsignalsfromahealthyeye.

Theretinalprosthesisandotherdevices,however,showgreatpromiseinhelpingmanyothersightlesspeoplewhooncehadvisionseeagain.Perhapsonedaysoon,someformerlysightlesspeoplemaybeinWonder’saudiencelookingup—andseeinghim—fortheveryfirsttime.

Wonder’swillingnesstotakepartinretinalprosthesisstudiesandtheresultsofthosestudiesaregivingnewhopetopeoplewhothoughttheywouldbeblindfortherestoftheirlives.MorethanonemillionpeopleintheUnitedStatesareconsideredlegallyblind,meaningthattheireyesightisseverelyimpaired.Anotheronemillionaretotallyblind.

Twotypesofspecializedcellsintheretina—rodsandcones—arecriticalforpropervision.Lightenterstheeyeandfallsontherodsandconesintheretina.Thosecellsconvertthelighttoelectricalsignalswhichtravelthroughtheopticnervetothebrain.Thebraininterpretsthosesignalsasvisualimages.Rodsdetectlightatlowlevelsofillumination.Forinstance,rodsallowyoutoseefaintshadowsindimmoonlight.Cones,ontheotherhand,aremostsensitivetocolor.Somediseasescandamagecellsintheretina.Forinstance,maculardegenerationcausesblindnessandothervisionproblemsin700,000peopleintheUnitedStateseachyear.Theconditioniscausedbyalackofadequatebloodsupplytothecentralpartoftheretina.Withoutblood,therods,cones,andothercellsintheretinadie.

Devicessuchastheretinalprostheseswon’tpreventorcureoureyediseases,buttheymayhelppatientswhohaveeyedisordersregainsomeoftheirvision.Differentformsofretinalprosthesesarecurrentlybeingdeveloped.Ononetype,atinycomputerchipisembeddedintheeye.Thechiphasagridofabout2,500light-sensingelementscalledpixels.

Lightenteringtheeyestrikesthepixels,whichconvertthelightintoelectricalsignals.Thepixelsthensendtheelectricalsignalstonervecellsbehindtheretina.Thosecellssendsignalsviatheopticnervetothebrainforinterpretation.

Manypeoplewhohavehadaretinalprosthesisimplantedsaytheycanseeshapes,colors,andmovementsthattheycouldn’tseebefore.“Itwasgreat,”saidHaroldChurchey,whoreceivedhisretinalprosthesis15yearsafterhebecametotallyblind.“Toseelightaftersolong—itwasjustwonderful.Itwasjustlikeswitchingalighton.”

1.WhydidSteveWondervisitMarkHumayan?

2.WhomisMark'sretinalprosthesisreadyfor?

3.Fordetectingcolors,wedepend,inthefirstplace,on（）

4.Whydoesmaculardegenerationcauseblindnessandothervisionproblems?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefunctionofretinalprosthesisistrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.HethoughtMark'sdevicemightrecoverhiseyesight.

B.HethoughtMarkmightneedhishelpindevelopingthedevice.

C.HethoughtMarkmightwanttolistentohisSuperstition.

D.HethoughtMarkmightimplantachipintohisrighteye.

問題2選項

A.Forthosewhohavebeenblindfrombirth.

B.Forthosewhostillhavefaintvision.

C.Fortheblindwhooncehadeyesight.

D.Forthosewhostillhaveonehealthyeye.

問題3選項

A.interpretationbythebrain.

B.conesoftheretina.

C.rodsoftheretina.

D.opticnerve.

問題4選項

A.Maculardegenerationcausesimproperinterpretationbythebrain.

B.Maculardegenerationmakestheretinalesssensitivetothelight.

C.Maculardegenerationchangesthefunctionsofrodsandcones.

D.Maculardegenerationcausesinadequatesupplyofbloodintheretina.

問題5選項

A.Itcanpreventsomeeyedisorders.

B.Itcancuresomeeyedisorders.

C.Itcanhelprecovereyesighttosomedegree.

D.Itcanrepairthedamagedcones.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第二段的內(nèi)容“Wonder自打出生眼睛就看不見，他一生都在等待一個機(jī)會。最近，Wonder拜訪了視力專家MarkHumayan。他認(rèn)為目前Humayan正在研究的一種新裝置可能會給他提供這個機(jī)會?！庇纱丝芍?，SteveWonder拜訪MarkHumayan的原因是他認(rèn)為MarkHumayan的設(shè)備可能會恢復(fù)他的視力，選項A正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第五段的第一句“Theretinalprosthesisandotherdevices,however,showgreatpromiseinhelpingmanyothersightlesspeoplewhooncehadvisionseeagain.然而，視網(wǎng)膜假體和其他裝置在幫助許多曾經(jīng)有過視力的盲人重見光明方面展現(xiàn)出了巨大的希望。”由此可推斷，Mark的視網(wǎng)膜假體裝置是為那些曾經(jīng)有過良好視力的人準(zhǔn)備的，所以選項C符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文第七段的內(nèi)容可知，視網(wǎng)膜中有兩種特殊的細(xì)胞對正常的視力至關(guān)重要——桿狀細(xì)胞和視錐細(xì)胞。第七段還提及“Cones,ontheotherhand,aremostsensitivetocolor.另一方面，視錐細(xì)胞對顏色最敏感?！庇纱丝芍x項B正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“maculardegeneration”定位到第七段后半部分的內(nèi)容“Forinstance,maculardegenerationcausesblindnessandothervisionproblemsin700,000peopleintheUnitedStateseachyear.Theconditioniscausedbyalackofadequatebloodsupplytothecentralpartoftheretina.Withoutblood,therods,cones,andothercellsintheretinadie.例如，黃斑變性導(dǎo)致美國每年有70萬人失明和其他視力問題。這種情況是由于缺乏足夠的血液供應(yīng)到視網(wǎng)膜的中央部分。沒有血液，視網(wǎng)膜中的桿狀細(xì)胞、視錐細(xì)胞和其他細(xì)胞就會死亡。”由此可知，選項D符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第八段的首句“Devicessuchastheretinalprostheseswon’tpreventorcureoureyediseases,buttheymayhelppatientswhohaveeyedisordersregainsomeoftheirvision.像視網(wǎng)膜假體這樣的設(shè)備不能預(yù)防或治愈我們的眼病，但它們可以幫助有視力障礙的患者重獲一些視力?！庇纱丝芍?，視網(wǎng)膜假體能在一定程度上幫助恢復(fù)視力，所以選項C符合原文。

22.單選題

Humansocietiestheworldoverhaveconfrontedthesameexistentialproblemsandhavecometoremarkably（）solutions,differingonlyinsuperficialdetails.

問題1選項

A.identical

B.diverse

C.varied

D.similar

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項identical“完全相同的”；B選項diverse“不同的，多種多樣的”；C選項varied“各式各樣的”；D選項similar“相似的”。句意：人類社會都會面臨同樣的生存問題，但都能找到非常相似的解決方案，只是在表面的細(xì)節(jié)上有所不同。選項D符合語境。

23.單選題

Whenproductsmadeinfactories（）,theyarethrownawayasgarbage.

問題1選項

A.cometoanend

B.areputtouse

C.areusedup

D.wearout

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項cometoanend“結(jié)束”；B選項areputtouse“使用，利用”；C選項areusedup“用完，用盡”；D選項wearout“磨損，耗盡，穿破”。句意：當(dāng)工廠生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品用壞了，就會作為垃圾扔掉。選項D最符合語境。

24.翻譯題

國畫(Chinesepainting)是世界上最古老的藝術(shù)傳統(tǒng)之一。繪畫時用毛筆蘸黑墨或彩墨在紙張或絲綢上作畫。根據(jù)表現(xiàn)手法，國畫可分為寫意派(theXieyiSchool)和工筆派(theGongbiSchool)兩大類。寫意派以自由表達(dá)和形式夸張為特點；工筆派則注重以精細(xì)的筆法描繪細(xì)節(jié)。山水畫被公認(rèn)為國畫的最高形式?？v觀歷史，不同時期的國畫都相應(yīng)地反映出人們的社會意識。

【答案】Chinesepaintingisoneoftheoldestartistictraditionsintheworld.Thepaintingisdoneonpaperorsilkwithabrushdippedinblackorcoloredink.Accordingtothemeansofexpression,ChinesepaintingscanbedividedintotwocategorieswhicharetheXieyiSchoolandtheGongbiSchool.TheXieyiSchoolischaracterizedbyfreeexpressionandexaggeratedforms,whiletheGongbiSchoolattachesimportancetodetailwithfinebru