2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)50

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Clearlyifwearetoparticipateinthesocietyinwhichwelive,wemustcommunicatewithotherpeople.Agreatdealofcommunicatingisperformedonaperson-to-personbasisbythesimplemeansofspeech.Ifwetravelinbuses,buythingsinshops,oreatinrestaurants,wearelikelytohaveconversationswherewegiveinformationoropinions,receivenewsorcomment,andverylikelyhaveourviewschallengedbyothermembersofsociety.

Face-to-facecontactisbynomeanstheonlyformofcommunication,andduringthelasttwohundredyearstheartofmasscommunicationhasbecomeoneofthedominatingfactorsofcontemporarysociety.Twothings,aboveothers,havecausedtheenormousgrowthofthecommunicationindustry.Firstly,inventivenesshasledtoadvancesinprinting,telecommunications,photography,radioandtelevision.Secondly,speedhasrevolutionizedthetransmissionandreceptionofcommunicationssothatlocalnewsoftentakesabackseattonationalnews,whichitselfisoftenalmosteclipsedbyinternationalnews.

Nolongeristhepossessionofinformationconfinedtoaprivilegedminority.Inthelastcentury,thewealthymanwithhisownlibrarywasindeedfortunate,buttodaytherearepubliclibraries.Fortyyearsago,peopleusedtoflocktothecinema,butnowfarmorepeoplesitathomeandturnontheTVtowatchaprogrammethatisbeingchanneledintomillionsofhomes.

Communicationisnolongermerelyconcernedwiththetransmissionofinformation.Themoderncommunicationindustryinfluencesthewaypeopleliveinsocietyandbroadenstheirhorizonsbyallowingaccesstoinformation,educationandentertaining.Theprinting,broadcastingandadvertisingindustriesareallinvolvedwithinforming,educatingandentertaining.

Althoughagreatdealofthematerialcommunicatedbythemassmediaisveryvaluabletotheindividualandtothesocietyofwhichheisapart,thevastmodernnetworkofcommunicationsisopentoabuse.However,themassmediaarewithusforbetter,forworse,andthereisnoturningback.

1.Inthefirstparagraphthewriteremphasizesthe（

）offace-to-facecontactinsocialsettings.

2.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

4.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthatthewriteris（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nature

B.limitation

C.usefulness

D.creativity

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.localnewsusedtobetheonlysourceofinformation

B.localnewsstilltakesasignificantplace

C.nationalnewsisbecomingmorepopular

D.internationalnewsisthefastesttransmittednews

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Topossessinformationusedtobeaprivilege.

B.Publiclibrarieshavereplacedprivatelibraries.

C.Communicationmeansmorethantransmission.

D.Informationinfluenceswaysoflifeandthinking.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.indifferenttoharmfulinfluenceofthemassmedia

B.happyaboutthedrasticchangesinthemassmedia

C.pessimisticaboutthefutureofthemassmedia

D.concernedaboutthewronguseofthemassmedia

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“第一段作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是面對(duì)面交流在社會(huì)場(chǎng)景中的……”。文章第一段提到如果我們要參與到所生活的社會(huì)中去的話，必須與他人交流，無(wú)論是做公車去旅行，在商店里買東西，去餐館里吃飯都需要給他人提供自己的信息或者觀點(diǎn)，接收新聞或評(píng)論，以上這些都說(shuō)明了面對(duì)面交流在社會(huì)生活中的作用，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“文章暗示了……”。文章第二段最后一句提到信息傳播的速度已經(jīng)徹底改變了通信的傳輸和接收方式，以至于地方新聞常常被置于國(guó)家新聞之后，而國(guó)家新聞?dòng)直粐?guó)際新聞所淹沒(méi)（Secondly,speedhasrevolutionizedthetransmissionandreceptionofcommunicationssothatlocalnewsoftentakesabackseattonationalnews,whichitselfisoftenalmosteclipsedbyinternationalnews），由此可知選項(xiàng)D“國(guó)際新聞傳播地最快”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“下列哪項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的”。文章第三段第一句話提到“信息不再是少數(shù)人的專屬”（Nolongeristhepossessionofinformationconfinedtoaprivilegedminority），由此可知選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)法正確，排除；文章第四段第一句提到“通信不僅僅涉及信息的傳遞”（Communicationisnolongermerelyconcernedwiththetransmissionofinformation），由此可知選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)法正確，排除；文章第四段第二句提到“現(xiàn)代通信產(chǎn)業(yè)影響著人們的社會(huì)生活方式，并通過(guò)信息、教育和娛樂(lè)來(lái)拓寬人們的視野”（Themoderncommunicationindustryinfluencesthewaypeopleliveinsocietyandbroadenstheirhorizonsbyallowingaccesstoinformation,educationandentertaining），由此可知選項(xiàng)D的說(shuō)法正確，排除。綜上，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“從文章最后一段，我們可以推測(cè)作者……”。文章最后一段提到雖然大眾傳媒的發(fā)展對(duì)個(gè)人和社會(huì)都有很大價(jià)值，但是龐大的現(xiàn)代傳播網(wǎng)絡(luò)很容易被泛濫（thevastmodernnetworkofcommunicationsisopentoabuse），由此可以看出作者對(duì)于濫用大眾媒體表示擔(dān)憂，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

Themayor（

）hisspeechtosuitthecrowdofhomelesspeoplegatheredinhisoffice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intoned

B.expanded

C.tailored

D.shortened

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。intone“吟誦，吟詠”；expand“擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)展”；tailor“剪裁;使合適”；shorten“縮短，變短”。根據(jù)句意‘為了迎合聚集于自己辦公室的無(wú)家可歸的人，市長(zhǎng)（

）自己的演說(shuō)。’確定C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

The（

）ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.origin

B.generation

C.descent

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)origin“起源；出身；開(kāi)端”；B選項(xiàng)generation“一代；產(chǎn)生”；C選項(xiàng)descent“下降；血統(tǒng)；襲擊”；D選項(xiàng)cause“原因；事業(yè)；目標(biāo)”。句意：這個(gè)詞的……未知，但肯定不是來(lái)自希臘語(yǔ)。后半句有一個(gè)詞“from來(lái)自”，說(shuō)明前半句是追究“詞源”，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

TheartistoftheRenaissancewasanall-roundman.Fromhisstudioonecouldorderapaintingforthechurchaltar,acarvedweddingchest,asilverewer,oracrucifix.ThemasteroftheworkshopmightbesculpturingaVenusfortheduke’sgardenwhilehisapprenticeswereroughingstatuesforthenewchapel.Manyofthewell-knownpaintersofthatgoldenperiodweregoldsmiths,workersinglass,enameloriron.Theengineerwasartistandtheartistwasengineer.ThegreatLeonardo,famoustodayasthepainterofTheLastSupperandMonaLisa,wasperhapsequallywellknowninthe16thcenturyforhisengineeringprojectsandhisscientificexperiments.OurownThomasA.Edisonpronouncedhimthegreatestinventivegeniusofhistime.

1.AnimportantcenturyintheRenaissancewas（

）.

2.Whenwewanttosaythatamancoulddomanythings,wesayheis

（

）.

3.Thewordforhelperinthispassageis

（

）.

4.ThepainteroftheLastSupperwas

（

）.

5.Awordforinventiveis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thetwelfth

B.theeighteenth

C.thefourteenth

D.thesixteenth

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.anartist-engineer

B.apainter

C.equallywell-known

D.anall-roundman

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.master

B.worker

C.apprentice

D.goldsmith

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.MonaLisa

B.aduke

C.Leonardo

D.ThomasEdison

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.creative

B.scientific

C.engineer

D.genius

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章中提到達(dá)芬奇生活在16世紀(jì)，本段說(shuō)的就是文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的藝術(shù)家。因此可推斷16世紀(jì)就是文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的一個(gè)重要世紀(jì)。D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.語(yǔ)義推斷題。文章第一句就稱文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的藝術(shù)家為“all-roundman全才”從第二句開(kāi)始就描寫(xiě)了一個(gè)藝術(shù)家的多重身份，由此可知，具備多方面的才能的人就是“全才”，D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語(yǔ)義推斷題。A選項(xiàng)master“主人；大師”；B選項(xiàng)worker“工人；勞動(dòng)者”；C選項(xiàng)apprentice“學(xué)徒；生手”；D選項(xiàng)goldsmith“金匠”。這四個(gè)身份中，唯一與helper“助手”相關(guān)的詞應(yīng)是C選項(xiàng)學(xué)徒，第三句說(shuō)到“ThemasteroftheworkshopmightbesculpturingaVenusfortheduke’sgardenwhilehisapprenticeswereroughingstatuesforthenewchapel.作坊的大師可能正在為公爵的花園雕刻維納斯雕像，而他的學(xué)徒們則在為新教堂雕刻雕像的毛坯。”說(shuō)明學(xué)徒們只是助手角色，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。在倒數(shù)第二句中提到“thegreatLeonardo,famoustodayasthepainterofTheLastSupperandMonaLisa”可知Leonardo是TheLastSupper的畫(huà)家。C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.語(yǔ)義推斷題。Incentive在文中是愛(ài)迪生用來(lái)形容Leonardo（達(dá)芬奇）的，后面的名詞是genius“天才”。A選項(xiàng)creative“創(chuàng)造性的”；B選項(xiàng)scientific“科學(xué)的”；C選項(xiàng)engineer“工程師”；D選項(xiàng)genius“天才”。C和D詞性不符合，B選項(xiàng)一般不用來(lái)形容天才，因此A選項(xiàng)正確的。incentive本義表示“發(fā)明的”。

5.翻譯題

Operaisexpensive:thatmuchisinevitable.Butexpensivethingsarenotinevitablytheprovinceoftherichunlessweabdicatesociety’spowerofchoice.Wecanchoosetomakeopera,andotherexpensiveformsofculture,accessibletothosewhocannotindividuallypayforit.Thequestionis:whyshouldwe?Nobodydeniestheimperativesoffood,shelter,defense,healthandeducation.Buteveninaprehistoriccave,mankindstretchedoutahandnotjusttoeat.drinkorfight,butalsotodraw.Theimpulsetowardsculture,thedesiretoexpressandexploretheworldthroughimaginationandrepresentationisfundamental.InEurope,thisdesirehasfoundfulfillmentinthemasterpiecesofourmusic,art,literatureandtheatre.Thesemasterpiecesarethetouchstonesforallourefforts;theyarethetouchstonesforthepossibilitiestowhichhumanthoughtandimaginationmayaspire;theycarrythemostprofoundmessagesthatcanbesentfromonehumantoanother.

【答案】聽(tīng)?wèi)騽o(wú)疑是昂貴的消費(fèi)。但除非我們放棄社會(huì)賦予的選擇權(quán)，否則昂貴的東西也并非富人專屬。我們可以選擇讓那些無(wú)支付能力的人享有戲劇及其他形式的昂貴文化。但問(wèn)題是，我們?yōu)槭裁匆菢幼?？誰(shuí)都不會(huì)否認(rèn)，食物、居住、安全、健康和教育是必不可少的。但即使是在史前的洞穴里，人類伸出手來(lái)也并不只是為了吃、喝或打斗，也可能是為了涂涂畫(huà)畫(huà)。文化沖動(dòng)，即通過(guò)想象和表征來(lái)表達(dá)、探索世界的欲望，是人類的基本特點(diǎn)。在歐洲，這種渴望已經(jīng)在音樂(lè)、繪畫(huà)、文學(xué)和戲劇的杰作中得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。這些杰作是衡量我們一切努力的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，也是人類思想和想象力可能達(dá)到的高度。它們包含著人與人之間能夠傳遞的最深刻的信息。

6.單選題

Thesuspectgavea（

）explanationforhispresenceatthescene,sothepolicedecidedtolookelsewherefortheperpetratorofthecrime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unbelievable

B.credible

C.insufficient

D.apologetic

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。unbelievable“不可信的，站不住腳的”；credible“可信的，可靠的”；insufficient“不充分的，不足的”；apologetic“道歉的，辯解的”；根據(jù)句意‘由于嫌疑人為自己在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的出現(xiàn)做出了（

）解釋，所以警察決定轉(zhuǎn)向其它地方搜尋該犯罪的作案者?！_定B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Bypatientquestioningthelawyermanagedto（

）enoughinformationfromthewitnesses.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.evacuate

B.withdraw

C.impart

D.elicit

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)evacuate“疏散；撤退；排泄”；B選項(xiàng)withdraw“撤退；收回；撤銷；取錢”；C選項(xiàng)impart“給予；傳授；告知”；D選項(xiàng)elicit“抽出；引起；誘出”。句意：通過(guò)耐心的詢問(wèn)，律師設(shè)法從證人那里……足夠的信息?！靶畔ⅰ笔亲C人給出的，律師只有努力去“獲取”，綜合選項(xiàng)可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Chadperformshis24-footaluminumboatpastyoungwillowtreesthatstickoutofthewatersoftheMississippiRiver.Sunshinedancesoffmaples,theirbranchesheavywith（1）springleaves.Buta

（2）inspectiondisclosestroublebehindthebeautifulsight.Rubbishis

（3）inalogjamandhangsfromthetrees’branches.

ForthenextthreehoursChasandhisteampullplasticbags,tanks,bottlesandevenbowlingpinsoutofthewater.Thenthey（4）forapicnictablecaughtinthetrees.

TheMississippiRiverBeautification&RestorationProjectbeganin1997（5）Chad’sone-manefforttopickuprubbishalonga400-milestretchofthe2340-mileriverstarted.Thatyear,oftenworking

（6）,the22-year-oldcleaned150milesofshoreline.

Atfirsttheprojectappearedimpossibleanduseless.ButChadtriedhisbesttofindsupporters,andwiththeirsupporting,hesoonhadanew

（7）andafive-manteam—theBoomCraneCrew.Lastyearalonethecrewpulledfromthewater44051gallondrums,1104tyresandenoughplasticbagstocoverafootballfield.Muchofthewastewillbe（8）.

“Chad’soperationistheonlyone（9）

inprogressontheriver,”saysMarkoftheMississippiRiverBasinAlliance,a（10）ofenvironmentalgroups.“It’sthebiggestI’veeverseenin20years,andheisinspiringotherstodothesame.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ripe

B.brown

C.falling

D.fresh

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.slower

B.quicker

C.closer

D.stricter

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.placed

B.piled

C.trapped

D.thrown

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.come

B.give

C.head

D.arrive

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.by

C.for

D.as

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.alone

B.hard

C.quietly

D.happily

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.car

B.boat

C.plan

D.crew

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.burned

B.buried

C.used

D.recycled

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.eagerly

B.actually

C.strongly

D.generally

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.lab

B.market

C.union

D.meeting

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:C

【解析】（1）考查上下文語(yǔ)義?？崭裉幮揎椀脑~語(yǔ)是leaves“樹(shù)葉”，其前面還有一個(gè)spring“春天的”修飾，春天的樹(shù)葉應(yīng)是D選項(xiàng)fresh“新鮮的”。

（2）考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)slower“較慢的”；B選項(xiàng)quicker“快一些”；C選項(xiàng)closer“更近些”；D選項(xiàng)stricter“更嚴(yán)格一點(diǎn)”。句意：但是……的檢查揭示了美麗景象背后的問(wèn)題。只有更仔細(xì)些觀看才能發(fā)現(xiàn)美景后的問(wèn)題，而仔細(xì)看的第一步是“靠近些看”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

（3）考查動(dòng)詞辨析。此處為be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。A選項(xiàng)place“放置；任命；寄予”；B選項(xiàng)pile“累積；堆積”；C選項(xiàng)trap“使……陷入困境；捕捉”；D選項(xiàng)throw“投擲；拋”。句意：垃圾被漂浮阻塞的木頭……，或掛在樹(shù)枝上。河道上的木頭會(huì)把垃圾圈起來(lái)，一起漂浮在河面，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

（4）考查固定搭配。本句表示：接著他們駛向卡在樹(shù)中間的野餐桌。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C選項(xiàng)head才可與空格后的for搭配，headfor表示“向……進(jìn)發(fā)”。

（5）考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法?？崭袂昂笫莾蓚€(gè)完整句子，因此空格處應(yīng)填入關(guān)聯(lián)詞，先排除B和C。句中說(shuō)到的“密西西比河美化和還原項(xiàng)目”開(kāi)始于Chad的“收集垃圾”行動(dòng)。因此主句與從句的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，排除A選項(xiàng)when，D選項(xiàng)正確。

（6）考查副詞辨析。空格處詞語(yǔ)修飾前面的working因此為副詞詞性。A選項(xiàng)alone“獨(dú)自地”；B選項(xiàng)hard“努力地；困難地”；C選項(xiàng)quietly“安靜地；秘密地；平穩(wěn)地”；D選項(xiàng)happily“快樂(lè)地；幸福地”。句意：那一年，22歲的他經(jīng)?！ぷ?，清理了150英里長(zhǎng)的海岸線。上一句說(shuō)到“one-maneffort一個(gè)人的努力”，因此A選項(xiàng)workingalone更符合文意。

（7）考查上下文語(yǔ)義。文章開(kāi)頭提到了交通工具“24-footaluminumboat24英尺鋁船”，這里對(duì)應(yīng)的交通工具也應(yīng)是船，指Chad獲得支持后，有了新的船和一個(gè)五人團(tuán)隊(duì)、B選項(xiàng)正確。

（8）上下文語(yǔ)義。上一句說(shuō)到，收集的垃圾是“gallondrum加侖桶、tyre輪胎和plasticbag塑料袋”，因此這些垃圾應(yīng)該被recycled“回收利用”，而不是焚燒或掩埋，自然也無(wú)法再使用。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（9）考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)eagerly“急切地；渴望地”；B選項(xiàng)actually“實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上”；C選項(xiàng)strongly“鑒定地；強(qiáng)有力地”；D選項(xiàng)generally“通常；普遍地”。句意：……查德是唯一一個(gè)在河上開(kāi)展此活動(dòng)的人。綜合句意及選項(xiàng)可知，此處B選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上”符合邏輯與語(yǔ)境。

（10）考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)lab“實(shí)驗(yàn)室”；B選項(xiàng)market“市場(chǎng)；行情”；C選項(xiàng)union“聯(lián)盟；工會(huì)”；D選項(xiàng)meeting“會(huì)議；集合”。空格處部分是用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明逗號(hào)前的“theMississippiRiverBasinAlliance密西西比河流域聯(lián)盟”，因此只有C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Therainwassoheavythatthemanwaswettotheskin;hiswholebodywas（

）andtrembling.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stiff

B.straight

C.steady

D.hard

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雨太大，這個(gè)人身上已經(jīng)濕了；他整個(gè)身子僵硬并且在瑟瑟發(fā)抖。stiff“僵硬的”；straight“直率的；筆直的”；steady“穩(wěn)定的”；hard“堅(jiān)硬的”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.翻譯題

由于對(duì)急劇上漲的油價(jià)和氣候變化的日益擔(dān)心，生物燃料變成了綠色技術(shù)革命的先鋒，除了作為替代能源外，還希望它在此過(guò)程中減緩全球變暖趨勢(shì)。但是，近期的幾項(xiàng)研究表明，生物燃料不但沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)其提倡者的良好愿望，相反卻加劇了全球變暖，并還以拯救地球的名義危害著地球。的確，生物燃料在某種程度上減輕了人們對(duì)進(jìn)口石油的依賴，使某些農(nóng)民綜合企業(yè)致富的同時(shí)，也給農(nóng)民創(chuàng)造了就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。但是大多數(shù)生物燃料遇到的一個(gè)基本問(wèn)題實(shí)際上很簡(jiǎn)單：將土地用于生產(chǎn)生物燃料所需的作物，導(dǎo)致儲(chǔ)存了大量碳的森林、濕地和草地被毀，這是研究人員一直沒(méi)注意到的問(wèn)題.

【答案】Duetogrowingconcernsaboutclimatechangesandthesharpriseinoilprices,peoplehaveturnedbio-fuelsintothepioneerofgreentechnologyrevolution,whichisexpectedtoslowglobalwarmingintheprocessinadditiontobeinganalternativeenergysource.Butseveralrecentstudiessuggestedthatbio-fuelshaveworsenedglobalwarminginsteadoffulfillingthegoodwishesofitsadvocates,andarecontributingtoglobalwarmingandharmingtheplanetinthenameofsavingit.Indeed,bio-fuelshavereducedpeople'sdependenceonimportedoiltoacertainextentandcreatedemploymentopportunitiesforfarmerswhilemakingsomeruralcomprehensiveenterprisesrich.Butonefundamentalproblemthatmostbio-fuelsiscurrentlyencounteringisactuallyverysimple:theusageoflandforproducingcropsrequiredbybio-fuelshasleadedtodestructionsoflargeareasofforests,wetlandsandgrasslandswhichareusedtostorealotofcarbons.Andourresearchershavepaidnoattentiontothisproblem.

11.單選題

EnvironmenthastakenratherabackseatpoliticallysincetheEarthsummitinRiodeJaneironearlyfiveyearsago.

（1）theproblemsthatmeeting

（2）hadnotgoneaway.Oneenvironment（3）tank—theInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitute---hasbeenlookingatthefutureofwaterand（4）reportreflectsgrowingconcernatthehugeleapinusageoverthepastfewyears,Insomepatoftheworld,waterconsumptionhas

（5）

fivefold.Andtheinstitute,knownbyits（6）IFPKE,saysshortagescouldsoonbecomethe

（7）forconflictandamajorbarrierto（8）theworld’sgrowingpopulation.Here’sRichardBlackofourScienceUnit.

“It’softenbeensaidthatwater

（9）oilwillbethecauseofwarfareinthenextcentury.AccordingtotheIFPREreport,thetime

（10）thathappensmightnotbefaraway.Thenumberofpeople

（11）bywatershortageswillincreaseten

（12）overthenext30years,itsays,

（13）couldwellleadtolargescaleconflicts.

Themainreasonwhywaterisbecominga

（14）resourceisagriculture,whichnow

（15）

70%ofwaterconsumptionworldwide,90%insome

（16）countries.Countlessfannershaveswitchedfromgrowingindigenouscropsforthe

（17）markettohighyieldexportvarieties,which

（18）

needfarmorewater.ButtheIFPRIreportsaysthatinsomeregionswatershortageisnowthesinglebiggestimpedimenttofeedingthepopulation.Waterscarcity

（19）

leadstowaterpollution.IntheIndianStateofWestBengal,forexample,overextractionofwaterfromboreholeshasledtoarsenicpoisoningwhichis（20）tohaveaffectedtwomillionpeoplesofar.ButtheIFPRIreportcallsforbetterwatermanagementworldwideincludingfinancialincentivestoencourageconservation.”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.But

B.So

C.And

D.For

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.overcome

B.highlighted

C.motivated

D.confronted

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thoughtful

B.thought

C.thinking

D.think

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.those

B.whose

C.its

D.their

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.decreased

B.increased

C.expanded

D.dwindled

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.initials

B.capitals

C.beginnings

D.letters

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.trigger

B.effect

C.initiation

D.consequence

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.feed

B.raise

C.feeding

D.raising

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.insteadof

B.inresponseto

C.inplaceof

D.ratherthan

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.how

C.why

D.when

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.affecting

B.affected

C.isaffected

D.isaffecting

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.double

B.multiple

C.fold

D.time

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.how

C.which

D.that

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.natural

B.scarce

C.plentiful

D.dormant

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.accountsfor

B.runsfor

C.speaksfor

D.countsfor

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.developed

B.developing

C.advanced

D.industrialized

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.home

B.export

C.exchange

D.foreign

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.remarkably

B.formidably

C.inevitably

D.consumedly

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.though

B.so

C.however

D.also

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.assessed

B.appraised

C.rated

D.estimated

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:B

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:D

第19題:D

第20題:D

【解析】（1）根據(jù)選項(xiàng)確定考察連詞，句意：自從五年前在巴西里約熱內(nèi)盧舉行的地球峰會(huì)以來(lái)，環(huán)境問(wèn)題在政治上一直處于次要地位，而且遇到的問(wèn)題并沒(méi)有克服。表示句意順承用and。

（2）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘克服，解決’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘是突出，顯著’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘激發(fā)……的積極性’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘面對(duì)，面臨’。句意：而且遇到的問(wèn)題并沒(méi)有克服。A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（3）根據(jù)空格后的名詞tank確定這里需要填寫(xiě)一個(gè)形容詞，只有A選項(xiàng)是形容詞，所以A正確。

（4）根據(jù)空格后的動(dòng)詞reflects用的是三單形式，確定主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（5）句意：在世界上的一些地方，用水量已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)了五倍。A選項(xiàng)意思是‘減少’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘增加’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘?dāng)U大’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘縮減’。B選項(xiàng)正確。

（6）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘英文縮寫(xiě)’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘大寫(xiě)字母’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘開(kāi)始’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘字母’。句意：這個(gè)因?yàn)樗目s寫(xiě)IFPKE而聞名的機(jī)構(gòu)。A選項(xiàng)正確。

（7）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘觸發(fā)器’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘影響’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘啟蒙’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘結(jié)果’。句意：短缺可能很快會(huì)觸發(fā)沖突，A選項(xiàng)正確。

（8）feed意思是‘喂養(yǎng)’，raise意思是‘提高’，to表目的，后面接動(dòng)詞原形，排除CD選項(xiàng)。句意：也是阻礙世界人口增長(zhǎng)的主要障礙，B選項(xiàng)正確。

（9）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘代替，而不是’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘響應(yīng)’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘代替’，通常與be動(dòng)詞搭配使用，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘而不是’，通常不做主語(yǔ)。句意：人們常說(shuō)水將代替石油將成為下個(gè)世紀(jì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的原因。A選項(xiàng)正確。

（10）定語(yǔ)從句，不缺成分，表示時(shí)間用when。

（11）空格后面有動(dòng)詞willincrease，所以空格里的詞不能充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意‘被水資源短缺影響的人’，表示被動(dòng)，用過(guò)去分詞，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（12）十倍，tentimes/fold/multiple，C選項(xiàng)正確。

（13）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。用which引導(dǎo)。A選項(xiàng)正確

（14）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘自然的’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘稀有的，缺乏的’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘豐富的’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘休眠的，靜止的’。句意：水成為一種稀缺的資源的主要原因是農(nóng)業(yè)。B選項(xiàng)正確。

（15）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘占……比例’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘運(yùn)行’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘說(shuō)明’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘計(jì)數(shù)’。句意：農(nóng)業(yè)用水占比全世界70%的水。B選項(xiàng)正確。

（16）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘先進(jìn)的，發(fā)達(dá)的’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘發(fā)展中的’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘先進(jìn)的，發(fā)達(dá)的’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘工業(yè)化的’。句意：尤其是發(fā)展中國(guó)家。B選項(xiàng)正確。

（17）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘家，本地的’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘出口’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘交換，交易所’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘外國(guó)的’。句意：無(wú)數(shù)的農(nóng)民已經(jīng)從種植本地農(nóng)作物轉(zhuǎn)向了高產(chǎn)的出口品種，A選項(xiàng)正確。

（18）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘顯著地，非常地’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘可怕地，強(qiáng)大地’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘不可避免地，必然地’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘格外地，大大地’。句意：無(wú)數(shù)的農(nóng)民已經(jīng)從種植本地農(nóng)作物轉(zhuǎn)向了高產(chǎn)的出口品種，這需要格外多的水。D選項(xiàng)正確。

（19）根據(jù)選項(xiàng)確定考察連詞，句意：在一些地區(qū)，水資源短缺現(xiàn)在是養(yǎng)活人口的最大障礙。缺水還會(huì)導(dǎo)致水污染。Also表示‘也，還’，符合題意。

（20）A,B,C選項(xiàng)都表示‘評(píng)估’的意思,只有D選項(xiàng)是‘預(yù)估’的意思，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Hesaidtherewasagreatgapbetweentheviewsexpressedinthemediaandwhat（

）peoplewerethinking

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.usual

B.general

C.normal

D.ordinary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他說(shuō)媒體表達(dá)出來(lái)的觀點(diǎn)與普通大眾所想之間存在巨大的差距。usual“普通的”;general“一般的”；normal“正常的；正規(guī)的”；ordinary“普通的，平凡的”。ordinarypeople“普通人，一般人”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

13.單選題

TheBrownslivedina（

）andcomfortablyfurnishedhouseinthesuburbs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spacious

B.sufficient

C.wide

D.wretched

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)spacious“寬敞的；無(wú)邊無(wú)際的”；B選項(xiàng)sufficient“足夠的；充分的”；C選項(xiàng)wide“廣泛的；寬的”；D選項(xiàng)wretched“可憐的；卑鄙的；令人苦惱的”。句意：布朗一家住在郊區(qū)一幢……又整潔舒適的房子里。被修飾詞是“房子”，用“寬敞的”最合適。A選項(xiàng)正確的。

14.單選題

Therewasonlyasmall（

）inthecity'spopulationoverthelasttenyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intimacy

B.increment

C.immortality

D.incidence

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。intimacy“親密，親昵行為，隱私”；increment“增量，增加”；immortality“不朽，不滅”；incidence“發(fā)生率，影響”。由句子中“thecity'spopulation該市人口”確定B選項(xiàng)“增加”符合句意，正確。

15.單選題

Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples.Printsaremadebypressingasheetofpaper(orothermaterial)againstanimage-bearingsurfacetowhichinkhasbeenapplied.Whenthepaperisremoved,theimageadherestoit,butinreverse.

ThewoodcuthadbeenusedinChinafromthefifthcenturyA.D.forapplyingpatternstotextiles.TheprocesswasnotintroducedintoEuropeuntilthefourteenthcentury,firstfortextiledecorationandthenforprintingonpaper.Woodcutsarecreatedbyareliefprocess;first,theartisttakesablockofwood,whichhasbeensawedparalleltothegrain,coversitwithawhiteground,andthendrawstheimageinink.Thebackgroundiscarvedaway,leavingthedesignareaslightlyraised.Thewoodblockisinked,andtheinkadherestotheraisedimage.Itisthentransferredtodamppapereitherbyhandorwithaprintingpress.

Engraving,whichgrewoutofthegoldsmith'sart,originatedinGermanyandnorthernItalyinthemiddleofthefifteenthcentury.Itisanintaglioprocess(fromItalianintagliare,“tocarve”).Theimageisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate,usuallycopper,withacuttinginstrument,orburin.Theartistinkstheplateandwipesitcleansothatsomeinkremainsintheincisedgrooves.Animpressionismadeondamppaperinaprintingpress,withsufficientpressurebeingappliedsothatthepaperpicksuptheink.

Bothwoodcutandengravinghavedistinctivecharacteristics.Engravinglendsitselftosubtlemodelingandshadingthroughtheuseoffinelines.Hatchingandcross-hatchingdeterminethedegreeoflightandshadeinaprint.Woodcutstendtobemorelinear,withsharpercontrastsbetweenlightanddark.Printmakingiswellsuitedtotheproductionofmultipleimages.Asetofmultiplesiscalledanedition.Bothmethodscanyieldseveralhundredgood-qualityprintsbeforetheoriginalblockorplatebeginstoshowsignsofwear.Massproductionofprintsinthesixteenthcenturymadeimagesavailable,atalowercost,toamuchbroaderpublicthanbefore.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theauthor’spurposesinparagraph2aretodescribe（

）.

3.Theword“incised”inline15isclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatdowoodcutandengravinghaveincommon?

5.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueaboutprintsEXCEPTthatthey（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theoriginsoftextiledecoration.

B.Thecharacteristicsofgood-qualityprints.

C.Twotypesofprintmaking.

D.Typesofpaperusedinprintmaking.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thewoodcutsfoundinChinainthefifthcentury

B.theuseofwoodcutsinthetextileindustry

C.theprocessinvolvedincreatingawoodcut

D.theintroductionofwoodcutstoEurope

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.burned

B.cut

C.framed

D.baked

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theirdesignsareslightlyraised.

B.Theyachievecontrastthroughhatchingandcross-hatching.

C.TheywerefirstusedinEurope.

D.Theyallowmultiplecopiestobeproducedfromoneoriginal.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.canbereproducedonmaterialsotherthanpaper

B.arecreatedfromareversedimage

C.showvariationsbetweenlightanddarkshades

D.requireaprintingpress

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問(wèn)的是“文章主要討論的問(wèn)題是什么”。文章第一段第一句為文章的中心句：版畫(huà)是一系列工藝的總稱，其中木刻和雕刻是兩個(gè)主要的例子（Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples），接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容都是在講述木刻與雕刻，所以選項(xiàng)C“版畫(huà)的兩種”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“第二段的目的是為了描述……”。文章第二段介紹了木刻的來(lái)源：公元五世紀(jì)中國(guó)開(kāi)始采用，主要用于紡織；十四世紀(jì)傳入歐洲。然后介紹了木刻工藝的具體流程，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.詞義題。題目問(wèn)的是“單詞incised與哪個(gè)詞的意思最接近”。文章第三段提到“圖片被……進(jìn)一塊高度拋光的金屬板”（Theimageisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate），由此可以推測(cè)出incised有“雕刻”的意思。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，木刻與雕刻的共同點(diǎn)是什么”。文章最后一段提到“版畫(huà)很適合多圖制作”（Printmakingiswellsuitedtotheproductionofmultipleimages），可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，下列關(guān)于出版哪項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的”。文章第二段提到木刻起源于中國(guó)，用于紡織，由此可知選項(xiàng)A描述正確，排除；文章第一段提到“當(dāng)紙被拿掉時(shí)，圖像會(huì)附著在紙上，但是方向是相反的”（Whenthepaperisremoved,theimageadherestoit,butinreverse），由此可知選項(xiàng)B描述正確，排除；文章第一段提到“印刷是把一張紙（或其他材料）壓在一個(gè)裝有油墨的承載圖像的表面上”（Printsaremadebypressingasheetofpaper(orothermaterial)againstanimage-bearingsurfacetowhichinkhasbeenapplied），由此可知選項(xiàng)D描述正確，排除。綜上，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

16.單選題

Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungarenotwhattheywere.Thesamecommentismadefromgenerationtogenerationanditisalwaystrue.Ithasneverbeentruerthanitistoday.Theyoungarebettereducated.Theyhavealotmoremoneytospendandenjoymorefreedom.Theygrowupmorequicklyandarenotsodependentontheirparents.Theythinkmoreforthemselvesanddonotblindlyaccepttheidealsoftheirelders.Eventswhichtheoldergenerationremembersvividlyarenothingmorethanpasthistory.Thisisasitshouldbe.Everynewgenerationisdifferentfromtheonethatprecededit.Todaythedifferenceisverymarkedindeed.

Theoldalwaysassumethattheyknowbestforthesimplereasonthattheyhavebeenaroundabitlonger.Theydon’tliketofeelthattheirvaluesarebeingquestionedorthreatened.Andthisispreciselywhattheyoungaredoing.Theyarequestioningtheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency.Officehours,forinstance,arenothingmorethanenforcedslavery.Wouldn’tpeopleworkbestiftheyweregivencompletefreedomandresponsibility?Andwhataboutclothing?Whosaidthatallthemenintheworldshouldweardrabgreysuitsandconvicthaircuts?Ifweruinourmindstomoreseriousmatters,whosaidthathumandifferencescanbestbesolvedthroughconventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeans?Whyhavetheoldergenerationsooftenusedviolencetosolvetheirproblems?Whyaretheysounhappyandguilt-riddenintheirpersonallives,soobsessedwithmeanambitionsandthedesiretoamassmoreandmorematerialpossessions?Cananythingberightwiththerat-race?Haven’ttheoldlosttouchwithailthatisimportantinlife?

Thesearenotquestionstheoldergenerationcanshrugofflightly.Theirrecordoverthepastfortyyearsorsohasn’tbeenexactlyspotless.Traditionally,theyounghaveturnedtotheireldersforguidance.Today,thesituationmightbereversed.Theold——iftheyarepreparedtoadmitit----couldlearnathingortwofromtheirchildren.Oneofthebiggestlessonstheycouldlearnisthatenjoymentisnot“sinful”.Enjoymentisaprincipleonecouldapplytoallaspectsoflife.Itissurelynotwrongtoenjoyyourworkandenjoyyourleisure;toshedrestrictinginhibitions.Itissurelynotwrongtoliveinthepresentratherthaninthepastorfuture.Thisemphasisonthepresentisonlytobeexpectedbecausetheyounghavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb;theconstantthreatofcompleteannihilation.Thisistheirgloriousheritage.Canwebesurprisedthattheyshouldsooftenquestionthesanityofthegenerationthatbequeathedit?

1.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesintheyoungisNOTmentioned?

2.Whatdotheyoungrejectmost?

3.Whydotheyoungstressonthepresent?

4.Whatcantheoldlearnfromtheyounggeneration?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Bettereducated.

B.Moremoneyandfreedom.

C.Independence.

D.Hardwork.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Values

B.Theassumptionoftheciders.

C.Conformity

D.Conventionalideas.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb.

B.Theydislikethepast.

C.Theythinkthepresentworldisthebest.

D.Theyareafraidofdestruction.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Enjoymentisnotsinful.

B.Peopleshouldhavemoreleisuretime.

C.Menmightenjoylife.

D.Oneshouldenjoyone’swork

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“下列哪項(xiàng)不是文章提到的關(guān)于年輕人的特征”。文章第一段提到“年輕人受了良好的教育。他們花錢享受自由。他們很快成長(zhǎng)并且不依賴父母?！保═heyoungarebettereducated.Theyhavealotmoremoneytospendandenjoymorefreedom.Theygrowupmorequicklyandarenotsodependentontheirparents），由此可以得知只有選項(xiàng)D“努力工作”沒(méi)有提及到，符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“年輕人最反感的是什么”。文章第二段提到“他