EIA環(huán)境影響評價解讀課件

1、Environmental Impact Assessment ZHAO Mei ZOU Yajun History Improtance EIA in China Case AnalysisDefination StepsDefination of EIAAn environmental impact assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the possible impacts that a proposed project may have on the environment, consisting of the environmental, soc

2、ial and economic aspects.Purpose of EIAThe purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision makers consider the environmental impacts when deciding whether or not to proceed with a project.History of EIA With the increasing global environmental awareness , environmental impact assessments commen

3、ced in the 1960s. In the United States, environmental impact assessments first obtained formal status in 1969, when the National Environmental Policy Act was released.History of EIAFour stages of the development of EIA in China: The First National Environmental Protection Conference(第一屆全國環(huán)境保護(hù)會議) was

4、 held in 1973, in which the concept of EIA was first introduced into China. Introduction and Establishment Stage 19731979History of EIAStandard and Construction Stage19791989Environmental Protection Law of the Peoples Republic of China(for Trial Implementation)（中華人民共和國環(huán)境保護(hù)法（試行） was released in 1979.

5、中華人民共和國環(huán)境保護(hù)法（試行）規(guī)定：一切企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位的選址、設(shè)計、建設(shè)和生產(chǎn)，都必須注意防止對環(huán)境的污染和破壞。在進(jìn)行新建、改建和擴(kuò)建工程中，必須提出環(huán)境影響報告書，經(jīng)環(huán)境保護(hù)主管部門和其他相關(guān)部門審查批準(zhǔn)后才能進(jìn)行設(shè)計。History of EIAPerfection Stage 19891998Environmental Protection Law of the Peoples Republic of China was released in 1989.Clean Production and Public Participation were added into the EIS

6、 during the stage. 中華人民共和國環(huán)境保護(hù)法第十三條規(guī)定：“建設(shè)污染環(huán)境的項(xiàng)目，必須遵守國家有關(guān)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目環(huán)境管理的規(guī)定” ?！敖ㄔO(shè)項(xiàng)目的環(huán)境影響報告書，必須對建設(shè)項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)生的污染和對環(huán)境影響作出評價，規(guī)定防治措施，經(jīng)項(xiàng)目主管部門預(yù)審，并依照規(guī)定的程序報環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門批準(zhǔn)。環(huán)境影響報告書經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)后，計劃部門方可批準(zhǔn)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目設(shè)計任務(wù)書”。History of EIAEnhance and Expandation Stage 1999present In 2004, the environmental impact assessment engineer system was s

7、et up.The first EIS in China Steps of EIASteps of EIAPreparation StageStudy relevant documentsCarry out preliminary project analysis and current evironment investigationSelect the key project demanding assessmentDetermine the assessment gradeCompile the work outlineSteps of EIA2.Formal Work StagePro

8、ject analysisCurrent environment investigationEnvironmental impact predictionEnvironmental impact assessmentSteps of EIA3.EIS Compilation StageCompile the EIS(Environmental Impact Statement) with the statistics and information from the second stageImportance of EIAEIA is a management tool for planne

9、rs and decision makers to consider the environmental and social impacts of a project.EIA will help select and design projects with long-term viability(生存能力) and therefore improve cost effectiveness.The ultimate target of EIA is to facilitate sustainable development, which is good for both of the env

10、ironmental protection and the development of projects. EIA in ChinaIn China, environmental impact assessment was introduced in 1979 under the Environmental Protection Law.After several years of implementation, the EIA system in China has developed into a framework(框架) that is suitable for its unique

11、 conditions.EIA in ChinaThe strengths of Chinas EIA system1.Specific strengths with EISsChinas ElSs did reasonably well in assessing two majorareas: materials consumed or produced from the project;prediction of impact magnitude .2.Legal powersThe cost-benefit analysis(成本效益分析), the total quantity con

12、trol of pollutant discharge system and cleaner production are three strong means to help the licensed agencies produce more effective EIA.EIA in ChinaThe weakness of Chinas EIA system1.Public participationThere is no doubt that public participation is one of the weakest part of the EIA system in China, both the low public awareness of environmental protection and limited participation mechanisms have restricted public engagement.2.Relationships between the EPBs(環(huán)保局) and local governmentIn China, some local governments emphasized too much on economic develo