2022年考研考博-考博英語-遼寧大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號47

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-遼寧大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據實際調整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題Many countries have now succeeded in （ ）the malarial mosquito.問題1選項A.erasingB.eradicatingC.abolishingD.demolishing【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。erase意為“清除，消除，擦掉”，多指清除債務，記憶等；eradicate意為“摧毀，完全根除”，強調徹底清楚；abolish意為“廢除，廢止”，一般指廢除有關習俗、制度、

2、法律、制度等；demolish意為“摧毀，拆毀”，多指拆掉建筑物。句意：許多國家現(xiàn)已成功根除瘧疾蚊子。2.單選題The lost car of the Thompsons was found forsaken in the woods off the high way.問題1選項A.vanishedB.scatteredC.abandonedD.rejected【答案】C【解析】考查動詞辨析。forsake意為“拋棄，遺棄”；vanish意為“消失”；scatter意為“驅散，散開”；abandon意為“放棄，拋棄”；reject意為“拒絕”。句意：湯普森一家丟失的汽車被發(fā)現(xiàn)遺棄在遠離高速公路

3、的樹林里。3.翻譯題1.當前和今后一個時期，中國經濟將繼續(xù)保持健康發(fā)展勢頭，國內需求特別是消費需求將持續(xù)擴大，對外投資也將大幅增加。據測算，今后5年，中國將進口10萬億美元左右的商品，對外投資規(guī)模將達到5000億美元，出境旅游有可能超過4億人次?！敬鸢浮俊緟⒖甲g文】1.At present and in the future period, China will continue to maintain its healthy growth trend. Its domestic demand, particularly consumption-driven demand will conti

4、nue to grow and its investment in foreign countries will increase greatly. It is estimated that in the next five years, China will import about US $10 trillion of goods, foreign investment will reach US $500 billion, and outbound tourism may exceed 400 million people.4.翻譯題清潔的空氣對于健康是至關重要的。如果空氣中含有雜質，這

5、些雜質就有可能被我們的身體吸收，使人生病。我們需要清潔的空氣，但不幸的是，目前普遍存在著空氣污染，尤其是在城市里。城市里有許多食品廠、服裝廠和制造其他東西的工廠。每天這些工廠把千百萬噸的煙灰排放到空氣中。工廠產生的東西過一個時期就會損壞，然后就作為垃圾扔掉。我們燒掉許多垃圾，煙灰就增多了。還有工廠生產的汽車，一旦出廠在街上行駛，將會吸進空氣，排出有毒氣體，并增加空氣中的煙塵。世界上沒有任何一個地方可以徹底擺脫空氣污染，我們必須采取措施來控制空氣污染。現(xiàn)在越來越多的人正在認識到清潔空氣的重要性。學校開設了關于污染問題的課程。企業(yè)開始幫著凈化空氣，他們安裝了特別的設備來清除自己排放的煙霧?？茖W家和

6、發(fā)明家正在努力開發(fā)更清潔的汽車和火車引擎?；蛟S，人們在城市里能呼吸新鮮空氣的日子終將到來?！敬鸢浮俊緟⒖甲g文】Clean air is vital to good health. If the air contains impurities, they may be absorbed by our bodies make us ill. We need clean air, but unfortunately, air pollution is generally present, especially in cities. There are many food factories, gar

7、ment factories and factories for making other products in cities. Every day these factories discharge million tons of smoke and soot into the air. Things made in factories wear out after a while and are thrown away as trash. We burn a lot of trash, which produces more smoke and soot. Moreover, once

8、the automobiles produced by factories are out on the street, they will take in air and replace it with poisonous gases, which again produce more smoke and soot.No area in the world can completely free of air pollution. We must take measures to control it. Now more and more people are realizing the i

9、mportance of clean air. Schools have taught about the pollution problem. Industries are begun to help clean up, by installing equipment to clean up their smoke. Scientists and inventors are making efforts to develop cleaner automobiles and the engine of train.Perhaps the day when people are able to

10、breathe fresh air in cities will come at last.5.單選題It you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or failure, in you work would depend, to（1）great extent, on your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage.（2） th

11、e utmost importance is your altitude. A person who begins a job convinced that he isnt going to like it or is（3）that he is going to all ail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure in his belief that he is probably as capable of doing the

12、work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt（4）it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well.（5）the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously a weakness. A bookkeeper who cant add, or a carpenter wh

13、o cant cut a straight line with a saw（6） hopeless cases. This book has been designed to help you capitalize（7） the strength and overcome the weakness that you bring to the job of learning. But in groups to measure your development, you must first（8） stock of somewhere your stand now. As we get furth

14、er along m the book, well be（9） with, specific processes for developing and strengthening learning skills. However, to begin with, you should pause to examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school; your（10）, your reading and commu

15、nication skills, and. your study habits.問題1選項A.aB.theC.someD.certain問題2選項A.Out ofB.OfC.ToD.Into問題3選項A.ensureB.certainC.sureD.surely問題4選項A.nearB.onC.byD.at問題5選項A.HaveB.HadC.HavingD.Had been問題6選項A.beingB.beenC.areD.is問題7選項A.exceptB.butC.forD.on問題8選項A.makeB.takeC.doD.give問題9選項A.dealB.dealtC.be dealtD.d

16、ealing問題10選項A.intelligenceB.workC.attitudeD.weakness【答案】第1題:A第2題:B第3題:C第4題:D第5題:C第6題:D第7題:D第8題:B第9題:D第10題:C【解析】（1）考查固定搭配。to a great extent為固定搭配，意為“很大程度上，非?！?。（2）of與名詞連用，表示具有某種性質，狀態(tài)，位于句首，表示強調。正常語序為：Your attitude is of the utmost importance.（be of +名詞）（3）考查固定搭配。or后面省略了主語he，be sure that后面加從句，此處表示“或肯定不適應

17、這項工作”。（4）考查固定搭配。attempt用作名詞時，意為“努力，嘗試，試圖”。make an attempt on sth.“試圖奪取”，make an attempt at意為“打算，試圖”。（5）考查非謂語動詞。句子“ 25 the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength.”缺少主語，have與the prerequisite之間是主動關系，故用其動名詞形式，表示“具有某一工作的必要技能是一個優(yōu)勢”。（6）考查主謂一致。or連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞采用就近原則，即謂語與靠近的名詞在“人稱，數(shù)”上保持一致。“a bo

18、okkeeper.or a carpenter”是本句的主語，因此謂語動詞用單選，選D。（7）考查固定搭配。capitalize on是固定搭配，意為“充分利用某事物”。（8）考查固定搭配。take stock of是固定搭配，意為“估計，考慮”。（9）考查時態(tài)。句子“As we get further along m the book, well be_ with, specific processes for developing and strengthening learning skills.（隨著我們進一步了解這本書，我們將詳細論述發(fā)展和加強學習技能的具體過程）”為將來時，因此選D

19、。（10）考查邏輯關系。根據前面的“_ the utmost importance is your attitude”可知此處選C，與文章前面的內容相呼應。6.翻譯題3.正是因為不停地追求進取，我們才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件隨之而來，如此連綿不絕，永無止境。對于往前看的人來說，眼前總有一番新天地。雖然我們蝸居于這顆小行星上，整日忙于瑣事且生命短暫，但我們生來就有不盡的希望。只要生命猶在，希望便會不止?！敬鸢浮俊緟⒖甲g文】3.We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another

20、in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged unti

21、l the term of life.7.翻譯題Do you see the glass as half full rather than half empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut, not upon the hollow? Suddenly these clichs are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize the power of positive thinking.A fast-growing body of research is proving that opti

22、mism can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful; pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. “If you could teach people to think more positively,” says psychologist Craig, “it would be like inoculati

23、ng them against these mental ills.”Your abilities count, but the belief that you can succeed affects whether or not you will. In part, thats because optimists and pessimists deal with the same challenges and disappointments in very different ways.Take, for example, your job. In a major study, psycho

24、logist Seligman and his colleague surveyed sales representatives at a Life Insurance Company. They found that the positive thinkers among longtime representatives sold 37 percent more insurance than did the negative thinkers. Of newly hired representatives, optimists sold 20 percent more. How did th

25、ey do it? The secret to an optimists success is in his “explanatory style.” When things go wrong, the pessimist tends to blame himself, while the optimist looks for loopholes. When things go right, the optimist takes credit while the pessimist sees success as a fluke.Negative or positive, it was a s

26、elf-fulfilling prophecy. “If people feel hopeless, they dont bother to acquire the skills they need to succeed,” says Craig.A sense of control is the litmus test for success. The optimist feels in control of his own life. The pessimist feels like fates plaything and moves slowly. He doesnt see advic

27、e, since he assumes nothing can be done. Optimists may think they are better than the facts would justify and sometimes thats what keeps them alive. Dr. Sandra Levey of Pittsburg Cancer Institute studied women with advanced breast cancer. For the women who were generally optimistic, there was a long

28、er disease-free interval, the best predictor of survival. In a pilot study of women in the early stages of breast cancer, Dr. Levey found the disease recurred sooner among the pessimists.【答案】【參考譯文】你看到的玻璃杯是半滿的還是半空的？你的眼睛是盯著炸面圈還是中間的那個洞？當研究者們仔細觀察積極思維的力量時，這些陳詞濫調突然間都成了科學問題。迅速增多的大量研究工作證明樂觀的態(tài)度可以使你更快樂、更健康、更成

29、功。與此相反，悲觀則導致無望、疾病以及失敗，它與沮喪、孤獨、令人苦惱的靦腆密切相關。心理學家克雷格說：“如果你能夠教會人們更積極地思考，那就如同為他們注射了預防這些心理疾病的疫苗?！蹦愕哪芰倘恢匾隳艹晒Φ男拍钣绊懙侥闶欠裾婺艹晒?。在某種程度上，這是由于樂觀者和悲觀者以截然不同的方式對待同樣的挑戰(zhàn)和失望。以你的工作為例。心理學家塞利格曼和他的同事對一家人壽保險公司的推銷員進行了廣泛調查。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在工齡較長的推銷員中，積極思考者比消極思考者要多推銷37%的保險額。在新雇傭的推銷員中，樂觀主義者則多銷了20%。他們是如何做的呢？樂觀主義者成功的秘訣就在于他的“歸因方式”。出了問題之后，悲觀

30、主義者傾向于自責，樂觀主義者則尋找漏洞。當一切順利時，樂觀主義者看成是自己的功勞，而悲觀主義者只把成功視為僥幸。無論是消極還是積極，都是一種本身會成為事實的預言。克雷格說：“如果人們感到沒有希望，他們就不會費事去獲得成功所需的技能?！笨刂聘惺浅晒Φ脑嚱鹗酚^者能夠掌握自己的命運。悲觀者則感到自己只能任由命運擺布，行動拖拉。既然認為毫無辦法，他便不去尋求指點。樂觀主義者也許認為自己比事實能夠證明的要強有時正是這一點使他們充滿生機。匹茲堡腫瘤研究所的桑德拉利維博士對患晚期乳腺癌的婦女進行了研究。對那些通常持樂觀態(tài)度的婦女來說，兩次發(fā)病間隔的時間較長，而這是生存下去的最好預兆。在一次對早期乳腺癌婦

31、女的小規(guī)模試驗性研究中，利維博士發(fā)現(xiàn)這一疾病在悲觀主義者身上復發(fā)更早。8.單選題Should this crisis continue, the Palestinian heath system will further （deteriorate）and services will be disrupted.問題1選項A.improveB.recoverC.worsenD.decrease【答案】C【解析】考查同義動詞辨析。A選項improve“提高，增進”；B選項recover“修復，彌補”；C選項worsen“惡化，變得更快”；D選項decrease“減少，減小，降低”。句意：如果這一危機

32、繼續(xù)下去，巴勒斯坦保健系統(tǒng)將進一步惡化，服務將受到破壞。Deteriorate“惡化，變壞”，由此可知C選項與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項正確。9.單選題We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist Mark Laudenslager, at the University

33、of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheal it protected both itself and its helpless partner fr

34、om the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.O

35、ther researchers agree, Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli dont develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they

36、have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is One of the most harmful factors in depression.One of the most starting examples of how the mind can al

37、ter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned（便形成條件反射）mice to avoid saccharin（糖精）by simultaneously feeding them the sweeter and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems ca

38、used stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader exposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had receiv

39、ed the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.1.Laudenslagers experiment showed that the immune system of those ra

40、ts who turn off the electricity（ ）.2. According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to（ ）.3.The reason why the mice in Acers experiment avoided saccharin was that（ ）.4.The passage tells us that the most probably reason for the death of the mice in Aders experiment was that（ ）.

41、5.It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals（ ）.問題1選項A.was strengthenedB.was not affectedC.was alteredD.was weakened問題2選項A.try to control unpleasant stimuliB.turn off the electricityC.behave passively in controllable situationsD.become abnormally suspicious問題3選項A.they di

42、sliked its tasteB.it led stomach painsC.it affected their immune systemsD.they associated it with stomachaches問題4選項A.they had been weakened psychologically by saccharinB.the sweetened was poison to themC.their immune systems had been altered by the mindD.they had taken too much sweetener during earl

43、ier conditioning問題5選項A.can be weakened by conditioningB.can be suppressed by drug injectionsC.can be affected by frequent doses of saccharinD.can be altered by electric shocks【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:D第4題:C第5題:A【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in th

44、e helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity.（Laudenslager發(fā)現(xiàn)，無助的老鼠的免疫反應低于正常水平，而那些能關掉電源的老鼠去沒有受到影響）可知選B。2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control.（但是，如果這些

45、動物遇到了它們無法控制的情況，那么當它們面對他們能夠控制的經驗時，它們會表現(xiàn)出被動的行為）可知選C。3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener.（把糖精和胃痛聯(lián)系起來，老鼠很快就學會了避免吃甜味劑）可知選D。4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的第一句One of the most starting examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was

46、discovered by chance.（人們偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了大腦如何改變免疫反應的最開始的例子之一）和最后一句He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.（他只能推測，他已經成功地對老鼠進行了調節(jié)，現(xiàn)在單用糖精就足以削弱它們的免疫系統(tǒng)，足以殺死它們）可推測Aders的實驗中老鼠死亡的最可能原因是大腦改變了它們的免疫系統(tǒng)，因此選C5.

47、主旨大意題。文章第一段中提出了本文的主題stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals（壓力似乎會影響低等動物的免疫防御能力），然后舉例證明其觀點。第一段中Laudenslager的實驗證明：對事物缺乏控制力造成了免疫系統(tǒng)的弱化，而不是由實驗本身造成的；第二段中Jay Weiss認為：被允許控制不愉快刺激的動物不會產生睡眠障礙或典型的應激大鼠的大腦化學變化；最后一段中Aders的實驗表明：他已經成功地對老鼠進行了調節(jié)，現(xiàn)在單用糖精就足以削弱它們的免疫系統(tǒng)。這些實驗是在一些特定條件下進行的，因此可推斷動物的免疫系統(tǒng)能被條件反

48、射所削弱，因此選A。10.單選題She tried to get a copy of the （ ）, so that she could cook the dish herself.問題1選項A.menuB.prescriptionC.recipeD.instruction【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。menu意為“菜單”；prescription意為“處方，藥方”；recipe意為“食譜”；instruction意為“操作指南，指示，命令”。由后半句she could cook the dish herself（她可以自己做飯）可知選C。句意：她試著要一份食譜，這樣她就可以自己做飯了。1

49、1.單選題The novel contains some marvelous revealing（ ）of rural life in the 19th century.問題1選項A.glancesB.glimpsesC.glaresD.gleamed【答案】B【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項glance“瞥閃，掃視，匆匆一看”；B選項glimpse“瞥見”；C選項glare“怒目而視，瞪眼看；發(fā)出刺眼的光”；D選項gleamed“閃爍；隱約地閃現(xiàn)”。句意：這本小說包括對19世紀鄉(xiāng)村生活的一瞥，絕妙而富于啟發(fā)。glimpse“瞥見”，是glance的結果?！皌ake a glance at .”（

50、看一看）的結果便是“get a glimpse of .”（瞥見了），此句中，小說提到的是19世紀的鄉(xiāng)村生活，是結果不是看一看的動作。因此B選項正確。12.翻譯題In the process of the on-going nationwide campaign launched to consolidate the market order, punishments have been meted out in accordance with laws against with crimes that do harm to peoples lives and health, includin

51、g production and sale of counterfeit and substandard foods and medicines, and other crimes such as tax evasion and defraud, financial swindling, smuggling and pyramid selling. This has effectively protected the peoples legitimate rights and interests. Work has been intensified to investigate and pre

52、vent on-job crimes, with special focus on investigating and punishing those convicted of serious bribery and corruption offenses, bringing to justice those proven to have acted as behind-the-scene leaders of Mafia-like gangs or as their “protective umbrellas” by taking advantages of their powers and

53、 influence.【答案】【參考譯文】在全國范圍內開展的整頓市場秩序活動中，依法懲治了生產、銷售假冒偽劣食品、藥品等危害人民生命健康的犯罪和偷稅、詐騙、金融詐騙、走私、傳銷等其他犯罪。這有效地保障了人民的合法權益。加大查辦和預防職務犯罪工作力度，重點查處嚴重受賄、腐敗犯罪分子，將那些被證明是黑社會性質組織的幕后領導人或利用其權力和影響力充當其“保護傘”的人繩之以法。13.翻譯題僅僅傳授專業(yè)知識是不夠的。通過專業(yè)教育可以使人成為一種有用的機器，卻不能成為一個全面發(fā)展的人。讓學生對價值理念有所理解并產生熱情，是不可或缺的。否則，他連同他的專業(yè)知識就更像一條受過良好訓練的狗，而非一個和諧發(fā)展的人

54、。他必須通過學習了解人們的動機、幻想和苦難，以便正確處理同他人和社會的關系。【答案】【參考譯文】Only to impart professional knowledge is not enough. Professional education can make human being become a kind of useful machine, but cant make him a person of comprehensive development. It is absolutely necessary for letting students have some underst

55、anding of the concept of value and generate enthusiasm. Otherwise, he, together with his specialized knowledge, will more resemble a well-trained dog rather than a person of harmonious development. He must learn to understand peoples motivation, fantasy and misery so as to correctly handling the rel

56、ationship with other people and the society.14.單選題The university refused to accept him because he was not （ ）for admission.問題1選項A.admissibleB.permissibleC.eligibleD.suitable【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞辨析。admissible意為“(尤指法庭)可接受的，受理的”；permissible意為“容許的，許可的”；eligible意為“有資格的，合格的，具備條件的” ；suitable意為“合適的，適當?shù)摹?。句意：這所大學拒絕接

57、收他，因為他不合入學資格。15.單選題She had spent several days（ ）her lecture, so it was quite successful.問題1選項A.shiningB.pleadingC.pavingD.polishing【答案】D【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項shining“閃爍，發(fā)亮，發(fā)光，擦亮，擦光”；B選項pleading“懇求，辯護，引證，承認”；C選項paving“鋪設，鋪（路）”；D選項polishing“打磨，擦亮，磨光”。句意：她花了幾天時間潤色自己的演講稿，因此演講相當成功。D選項polish還有“（使）優(yōu)美；潤飾（通過修改，作小的變動

58、或增加新的內容）”的意思，如：polish an article/a speech潤飾一篇文章/一篇演講稿。因此D選項正確。16.單選題No human being is （ ），but Alistair Aldington made very few mistakes.問題1選項A.fallaciousB.falseC.plausibleD.infallible【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。fallacious意為“(思想、論據、道理)謬誤的，錯誤的”；false意為“錯誤的；不正確的，偽造的”；plausible意為“(借口或解釋) 有道理的，花言巧語的”；infallible意為“永

59、無過失的，一貫正確的，絕對可靠的”。由句中的but可知前后為轉折關系，因此選D。句意：沒有人是永不犯錯的，但Alistair Aldington很少犯錯誤。17.單選題His mother scanned his face to see if he was telling the truth.問題1選項A.indicatedB.scrutinizedC.caressedD.penetrated【答案】D【解析】考查同義動詞辨析。A選項indicated“表明，顯示，象征，暗示”；B選項scrutinized“仔細查看；認真檢查；細致審查”，表示用挑剔的眼光以及對細節(jié)苛求的態(tài)度檢查；C選項car

60、essed“撫摸，愛撫”；D選項penetrated“看透；透過看見，洞察；發(fā)現(xiàn)；揭示”。 句意：他母親審視著他的臉，想看看他是否在說真話。Scan“細看；察看；審視；端詳”。D選項與scan意思最接近，因此D選項正確。18.單選題Successful politicians are good at giving _ answers to questions on difficult issues.問題1選項A.definitiveB.ubiquitousC.ambiguousD.ineffable【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項definitive“最后的；最佳的；最權威的”；B選項