2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南科技大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號59

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南科技大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題Translate the following text into English.挑戰(zhàn)未知是人類誕生之初就具備的本能，而探索外太空則是好奇心和求知欲在現(xiàn)代的延伸。人類和動物最本質(zhì)的區(qū)別在于不斷地探求未知，其終極目的就是要回答“我從哪來？我到哪去？”。這樣的問題，在現(xiàn)實世界找不到答案，人們便將追問的目光投向浩瀚的外太空。正是這些追問，成為人類探索宇宙的動力。此外，太空探索還激發(fā)了全人類的科學精神?！敬鸢浮緾hallenging

2、 the unknown has been a human instinct since we were born, and exploring outer space is extension of curiosity and aspiration to knowledge in modern times. The most essential difference between human beings and animals is the constant search for the unknown, whose ultimate goal is to answer the ques

3、tion “Where do I come from? Where am I going?” It is impossible to find the answer of such questions in the real world, therefore, people will transfer their attention to the vast outer space. It is these questions that have become the driving force for human exploration of the universe. In addition

4、, space exploration has inspired the scientific spirit of all mankind.2.單選題What he said in the meeting（ ）everybody present.問題1選項A.repelledB.dismissedC.disposedD.eliminated【答案】A【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項repel“抵制，使厭惡”；B選項dismiss“解散，不予考慮”；C選項dispose“處理，處置”；D選項eliminate“消除，排除”。句意：他說的話令在場的所有人厭惡。由選項意思和句意可知，A選項符合句意。3.

5、單選題The problem of（ ）to select as his successor was quickly disposed of.問題1選項A.whomB.whichC.whatD.how【答案】A【解析】考查代詞。由于不定式動詞select為及物動詞，因此這里所選代詞必須能夠作為其賓語，由此可將只能作狀語的關(guān)系詞how排除。在不定式短語to select as his successor 中賓語補足語his successor是“人”，因此，賓語只能是指代人的代詞，由此可以肯定A選項whom為正確答案，并將B選項what和D選項which排除。句意：挑選誰作為他的繼任者的問題很快

6、就解決了。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項。4.單選題He managed to（ ）his way into her affection.問題1選項A.tailB.wormC.wolfD.rocket【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項tail“尾隨，裝上尾巴”；B選項worm“使蠕動，使緩慢、曲折前進”；worm ones way into“隱藏真正的意圖混入某個地區(qū)或組織，混入，費一番功夫打入”，例如：He manage to worm his way into her life.（他設(shè)法騙取信任進入了她的生活。）；C選項wolf“大吃，狼吞虎咽地吃”；D選項rocket”迅速增加，飛

7、速移動”。句意：他設(shè)法贏得他的喜愛。由選項意思和固定搭配可知，B選項符合句意。5.單選題Good salesmen know by（ ）the best approach to take with a particular customer.問題1選項A.bentB.geniusC.instinctD.faculty【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項bent“天賦，愛好”；B選項genius“天才，天賦”；C選項instinct“本能，直覺”；D選項faculty“能力，功能”。句意：優(yōu)秀的推銷員憑直覺就知道應對特定客戶的最佳方法。由選項意思，固定搭配和句意可知，C選項符合句意。6.寫作題

8、Write on the ANSWER SHEET a letter of about 150 words based on the following situation:Suppose you are interested in being a visiting scholar at New York University, the United States. Write an application letter, stating your personal qualities, accomplishments and other reasons why you are among t

9、hose best suited to learn at that university.【答案】略7.單選題Nancys gone to work but her car is still there. She（ ）by bus.問題1選項A.must have goneB.should have goneC.ought to have goneD.could have gone【答案】A【解析】虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句子的前半部分可知，南希去工作了，但她的車還停在那里，后面應該是肯定的推測，南希一定是坐公交去上班了。A選項must have gone“一定是”，表示對過去肯定的推測；B選項shou

10、ld have gone和C選項ought to have gone都表示“本來應該去而未去”；D選項could have gone表示“本來能夠去而沒去”。句意：南希去工作了，但她的車還停在那里，她一定是坐公交去上班的。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項。8.單選題We have a crisis on our hands. You mean global warming? The world economy? No, the decline of reading. People are just not doing it anymore, especially the young. Whos

11、 responsible? Actually, its more like, What is responsible? The Internet, of course, and everything that comes with itFacebook, Twitter (微博). You can write your own list.Theres been a warning about the imminent death of literate civilization for a long time. In the 20th century, first it was the mov

12、ies, then radio, then television that seemed to spell doom for the written world. None did. Reading survived; in fact it not only survived, it has flourished. The world is more literate than ever beforethere are more and more readers, and more and more books.The fact that we often get our reading ma

13、terial online today is not something we should worry over. The electronic and digital revolution of the last two decades has arguably shown the way forward for reading and for writing. Take the arrival of e-book readers as an example. Devices like Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot mo

14、re environmentally friendly than the traditional paper book.As technology makes new ways of writing possible, new ways of reading are possible. Interconnectivity allows for the possibility of a reading experience that was barely imaginable before. Where traditional books had to make do with photogra

15、phs and illustrations, an e-book can provide readers with an unlimited number of links: to texts, pictures, and videos, in the future, the way people write novels, history, and philosophy will resemble nothing seen in the past.On the other hand, there is the danger of trivialization. One Twitter gro

16、up is offering its followers single-sentence-long “digests” of the great novels. War and Peace in a sentence? You must be joking. We should fear the fragmentation of reading. There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention spanthat we will be incapable

17、of reading anything of length or which requires deep concentration.In such a fast-changing world, in which reality seems to be remade each day, we need the ability to focus and understand what is happening to us. This has always been the function of literature and we should be careful not to let it

18、disappear. Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility of someone utterly in tune with modem technology but able to make sense of a dynamic, confusing world.In the 15th century, Johannes Guttenbergs invention of the printing press in Europe had a huge impact on civilization. Once upon a

19、time the physical book was a challenging thing. We should remember this before we assume that technology is out to destroy traditional culture.1. Which of the following paragraphs briefly reviews the historical challenges for reading?2.The following are all cited as advantages of e-books EXCEPT（ ）.3

20、. Which of the following can be best to describe how the author feels toward single-sentence-long novels?4. According to the passage,people need knowledge of modern technology and（ ）to survive in the fast-changing society.5. What is the main idea of the passage?問題1選項A.Paragraph OneB.Paragraph TwoC.P

21、aragraph ThreeD.Paragraph Four問題2選項A.multimodal contentB.environmental friendlinessC.convenience for readersD.imaginative design問題3選項A.IronicB.WorriedC.SarcasticD.Doubtful問題4選項A.good judgmentB.high sensitivityC.good imaginationD.the ability to focus問題5選項A.Technology pushes the way forward for readin

22、g and writingB.Interconnectivity is a feature of new reading experienceC.Technology is an opportunity and a challenge for traditional readingD.Technology offers a greater variety of reading practice【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:B第4題:A第5題:C【解析】1.段落大意題。題干：哪一個段落簡要回顧了閱讀的歷史挑戰(zhàn)？根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞historical challenges for reading

23、定位至第二段第1-2句Theres been a warning about the imminent death of literate civilization for a long time. In the 20th century, first it was the movies, then radio, then television that seemed to spell doom for the written world.（很長一段時間以來，一直有關(guān)于文化文明即將滅亡的警告。在20世紀，首先是電影，然后是廣播，然后是電視，似乎預示著文字世界的毀滅。），第一句話表明本段將會回顧

24、閱讀在以前的歷史時期經(jīng)歷過的挑戰(zhàn)，第二句話就說明了曾經(jīng)有來自于哪幾方面的挑戰(zhàn)，所以B選項“第二段”，是本題的正確答案；文章第一段講的是當今閱讀面臨衰退的危機及原因；第三段講我們其實無需對現(xiàn)代科技發(fā)展過慮；第四段的中心是現(xiàn)代科技帶給閱讀的好處，所以都應排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項。2.事實細節(jié)題。題干：以下都被認為是電子書的優(yōu)點，除了_。由題干定位到文章第三段最后一句話Devices like Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the traditio

25、nal paper book.（像Kindle這樣的閱讀設(shè)備比傳統(tǒng)的紙質(zhì)書更方便，也更環(huán)保），所以B選項“環(huán)境友好”和C選項“方便讀者”，符合題意；第四段第三句指出an e-book can provide readers with an unlimited number of links : to texts, pictures, and videos（電子書可以為讀者提供無限數(shù)量的鏈接:文本、圖片和視頻），可見電子圖書的內(nèi)容豐富形式多樣，A選項“多模式的內(nèi)容”是對該句中提及優(yōu)勢的概括，所以A選項也符合題意；第四段的第二句話Interconnectivity allows for the p

26、ossibility of a reading experience that was barely imaginable before.（互聯(lián)性使閱讀經(jīng)驗成為可能，這是以前幾乎無法想象的。），是說閱讀經(jīng)歷是從前無法想象的，而不是電子圖書的設(shè)計具有想象力，故D選項“富有想象力的設(shè)計”，屬于曲解文章意思。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項。3.推理判斷題。題干：以下哪個選項能最好地描述作者對單句小說的感覺？由題干的關(guān)鍵詞“single-sentence-long”定位至第五段。該段首句作者就指出there is the danger of trivialization（有一個風險是閱讀的淺薄化），

27、并在該段最后一句中指出There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention spanthat we will be incapable of reading anything of length or which requires deep concentration.（目前存在的危險是：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的高速連接會減少我們注意力的持續(xù)時間，結(jié)果是我們不能夠閱讀長篇論著，或是閱讀需要高度集中注意力的書籍。），這些均表明了作者的擔心，故B選項“擔心的”，符合題意；A選項“

28、諷刺的”，C選項“挖苦的”和D選項“懷疑的”，根據(jù)文義，作者并無諷刺，懷疑的意思，排除A、C、D選項。綜上所述，本題正確答案是B選項。4.事實細節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)文章，人們需要現(xiàn)代技術(shù)和_的知識來在快速變化的社會中生存。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第六段最后一句話Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility of someone utterly in tune with modem technology but able to make sense of a dynamic, confusing world.（我們的社會需要能夠想象出這樣一

29、種可能性：一個人與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)完全合拍，但又能夠理解一個動態(tài)的、令人困惑的世界。），可知knowledge of modern technology對應in tune with modern technology，而 make sense of a dynamic，confusing world則對應A選項“良好的判斷力”，故A選項為答案。B選項“高度敏感性”，C選項“豐富的想象力”和D選項“集中注意力的能力”與原句中make sense of的意思相距甚遠，故排除。綜上所述，本題正確答案是A選項。5.主旨大意題。題干：文章的主題思想是？本文開篇提到了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)對閱讀造成的影響。之后回顧了過去科

30、技的發(fā)展曾經(jīng)對閱讀構(gòu)成的威脅，接著講到閱讀的新趨勢和方式。第五段說明科技的發(fā)展對閱讀所造成的具體影響。第六段提到現(xiàn)實世界中需要什么樣的人既適應現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的發(fā)展,又理解現(xiàn)在的變化。末段提到閱讀本身也曾經(jīng)是個挑戰(zhàn)，引發(fā)人們思考如何應對現(xiàn)代科技對閱讀構(gòu)成的威脅。雖然文章沒有明確提出中心思想，首段還提到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)造成了閱讀人數(shù)的下降，但隨后各部分內(nèi)容并沒有對科技發(fā)展做出否定，而是為人們指明了正確的方向和途徑，尤其末段說明了事物的兩面性，C選項“技術(shù)對于傳統(tǒng)閱讀來說既是機遇，也是挑戰(zhàn)”，很好地概括了文章的主旨大意，故為正確答案。由第三段第二句The electronic and digital revolut

31、ion of the last two decades has arguably shown the way forward for reading and for writing.（過去二十年的電子和數(shù)字革命可以說為閱讀和寫作指明了前進的道路。），可知A選項“科技推動了閱讀和寫作的發(fā)展”是該段內(nèi)容，而非全文中心意思，故排除；B選項“互聯(lián)性是新閱讀體驗的特征”是對第四段第二句的解釋，屬于細節(jié)內(nèi)容，故排除；D選項“科技提供了更多種類的閱讀實踐”是對第四段第三句的概括，與主旨無關(guān)，故排除。綜上所述，本題正確答案是C選項。9.單選題The scent of her perfume（ ）on in t

32、he classroom.問題1選項A.continuedB.lingeredC.coveredD.existed【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項continue“繼續(xù)，逗留”continueon“繼續(xù)”；B選項linger“消磨，緩慢度過”，lingeron“流連忘返，一直存在”；C選項cover“覆蓋，包括”；D選項exist“存在，生存”，existon“靠為生”。句意：她的香水味在房間里久久不散。由選項意思和固定搭配可知，B選項符合句意。10.單選題Loudspeakers are fixed in the hall so that everyone（ ）an opportuni

33、ty to hear the speech.問題1選項A.ought to haveB.must haveC.may haveD.should have【答案】D【解析】考查目的狀語從句。so that引導的目的狀語從句，從句中常用情態(tài)動詞can/may。但是本句主句用的是過去時態(tài)，所以從句也應該用相應的表示過去的時態(tài)，因此C項may have應該改為might have才正確。A選項ought to“應該”，強調(diào)主觀上的應當，含有責任，義務(wù)，故排除。B選項must have“必須要”，語氣過于強烈，故排除。只有D選項should have“應該有”符合題意。句意：禮堂里安裝了擴音器，以便大家

34、都可以聽到演講。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項。11.寫作題Write on the ANSWER SHEET a composition of about 250 words based on the topic “Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment”?You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part，provide one or two reasons or your e

35、xperience (s) to support your opinion.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.【答案】略12.單選題An Olympic Marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately（ ）from Marathon to Athens.問題1選項A.distanceB.the distance isC.the distanceD.is the distance【答案】B【解析】考查同位

36、語。approximately the distance from Marathon to Athens是26 miles and 385 yards的同位語，因此C項“the distance”；為正確答案。這個距離特指從馬拉松到雅典的距離，所以要加定冠詞the，C正確，A排除。填入B，D選項逗號后面都是一個完整的句子，但是approximately是一個副詞，不可以連接兩個句子，故排除。句意：奧林匹克馬拉松是26英里385碼，距離大約是從馬拉松到雅典。所以本題的正確答案是B選項。13.翻譯題Translate the following text into Chinese.The regu

37、lar use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana. That is the claim of psychologists who have found that tapping away on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking them for electronic messages temporarily knocks up to 10 points off the users IQ. T

38、his rate of decline in intelligence compares unfavorably with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana, according to British researchers, who have labeled the temporary phenomenon of increased stupidity as “infomania”. Research on sleep deprivation suggests that the IQ drop caused

39、 by electronic obsession is equal to a wakeful night. The noticeable drop in IQ is attributed to the constant distraction of “always on” technology when employees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almos

40、t permanent state of readiness to react to technology instead of focusing on the task in hand.【答案】經(jīng)常收發(fā)短信和電子郵件會降低你的IQ，其損害程度甚至是吸食大麻對智力損害程度的兩倍多。心理學家發(fā)現(xiàn)人們在使用手機或電腦鍵盤打字或者用它們查詢電子信息時，智力會暫時降低10個百分點。英國研究人員稱，與吸食大麻相比，電子信息對智力的不利影響大的多。人在吸食大麻時智商會降低4個百分點。研究人員將這種暫時變笨的現(xiàn)象稱為“信息狂躁”。關(guān)于剝奪睡眠的研究表明因為癡迷于電子產(chǎn)品而造成的智力衰退相當于一夜失眠。造成這

41、種智力明顯衰退的原因在于當員工們應該集中精力工作時，“無處不在”的科技卻總是不斷分散他們的注意力。信息狂躁是指他們的意識近乎一直處于一種隨時對“技術(shù)”做出反應的狀態(tài)，因而無法將注意力集中在手頭的工作上。14.寫作題Write on the ANSWER SHEET a letter of about 150 words based on the following situation:Suppose you are interested in a research program at the University of California, United States. Write an

42、application letter, stating your personal qualities, accomplishments and other reasons why you are among those best suited to do research at that university.【答案】略15.單選題In this poor country, survival is still the leading industry; all else is（ ）.問題1選項A.luxuryB.accommodationC.entertainmentD.refreshmen

43、t【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項luxury“奢侈品，享受”；B選項accommodation“住處，膳宿，調(diào)節(jié)”；C選項entertainment“娛樂，消遣，款待”；D選項refreshment“點心，起提神作用的東西，精力恢復”。句意：在這個貧窮的國家里，生存是最大的事，其他的一切都是奢侈的事情。由選項意思和句意可知，A選項符合句意。16.單選題Too much（ ）to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.問題1選項A.disclosureB.exhibitionC.contactD.e

44、xposure【答案】D【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項disclosure“披露，揭發(fā)”；B選項exhibition“展覽，顯示”；C選項contact “接觸，聯(lián)系”；D選項exposure“暴露，曝光”。句意：過多暴露在X射線下會導致皮膚損傷、癌癥或其他身體損傷。由選項意思和句意可知，D選項符合句意。17.翻譯題Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.In the United State of America houses have changed as so

45、cial customs changed. At first, American houses followed the patterns brought from Europe by the early immigrants, but, since timber was the most easily obtained material, boarded walls and shingle roofs largely replaced bricks and tiles. Lately, different regions have evolved their own methods of h

46、ouse building to suit local conditions; for instance, a low rambling house with widely spreading eaves, is typical of the Pacific coast. In addition, the plan of the house has begun to change as the American way of life has diverged more and more from the European. Houses are less formal, and rooms

47、merge one into the other, providing more space for general family life and fewer rooms for special purposes.【答案】在美國，房屋隨著社會習俗的改變而改變。起初，美國的房屋仿效早期移民從歐洲帶來的模式。但由于木材是最容易獲得的材料，木板墻和木瓦屋頂大量取代了磚塊和瓦。最近，不同的地區(qū)發(fā)展出了適合當?shù)貤l件的房屋建造方法；例如，布局凌亂的低矮房子有著散開的屋檐，是典型的太平洋海岸建筑。此外，隨著美國人的生活方式越來越不同于歐洲人，住宅的規(guī)劃也開始改變。住宅不那么正式，房間相互融合，為一般家庭生

48、活提供了更多的空間，特殊用途的空間也變少了。18.單選題Mr. Levee is（ ）disabled due to a terrible traffic accident and nothing can compensate for his physical defects.問題1選項A.momentarilyB.occasionallyC.permanentlyD.accidentally【答案】C【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項momentarily“隨時地，暫時地”；B選項occasionally“偶爾，間或”；C選項permanently“永久地，永遠地”；D選項accidentally

49、“意外地，偶然地”。句意：李維先生因一場可怕的交通事故導致終生殘疾，沒有什么能彌補他的身體缺陷。由選項意思和句意可知，C選項符合句意。19.單選題The winter vacation（ ）over, he got down to his work again.問題1選項A.beingB.wasC.wereD.had been【答案】A【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句子用逗號連接，且在本句中沒有任何連詞。因此，這里不可能是兩個完整的句子，而只能一個是句子主干，另一個是非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，因此排除B、C、D選項?！皌he winter vacation being over”是一獨立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，用來做狀語

50、，表示時間，例如：Nobody haying any more to say, the meeting was closed.（大家都沒有什么可說的了，會議就結(jié)束了。）。句意：寒假結(jié)束后，他又開始認真工作了。因此，本題的正確答案是A選項。20.單選題Humble（ ）it may be, there is no place more like home.問題1選項A.althoughB.asC.howD.that【答案】B【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。句子用了倒裝，把形容詞提前到句首，只有as或者though有這個用法，although沒有。as / though引導的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前

51、（形容詞，副詞，分詞，實義動詞提前）例如：Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.由as引導的讓步狀語從句，強調(diào)表語humble。句意：盡管這里是簡陋的，但是沒有一個地方比它更像家。所以本題選擇B選項正確。21.單選題The meeting was（ ）over by the mayor to discuss the tax raise in the city.問題1選項A.propelledB.pickedC.postponedD.presided【答案】D【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項pro

52、pel“推進，驅(qū)使”，B選項pick“挑選，采摘”，pick over“擇優(yōu)，分檔挑選”；C選項postpone“延遲，緩辦”；D選項preside“主持”，preside over“主持，負責”。句意：會議由市長主持，討論城市稅收增加問題。由選項意思和固定搭配可知，D選項符合句意。22.單選題The essential weakness of the old and traditional education was not just that it emphasized the necessity for provision of definite subject-matter and a

53、ctivities. These things are necessities for anything that can rightly be called education. The weakness and evil was that the imagination of educators did not go beyond provision of a fixed and rigid environment of subject-matter, one drawn moreover from sources altogether too remote from the experi

54、ences of the pupil. What is needed in the new education is more attention, not less, to subject-matter and to progress in technique. But when I say more I do not mean more in quantity of the same old kind. I mean an imaginative vision which sees that no prescribed and ready-made scheme can possibly

55、determine the exact subject-matter that will best promote the educative growth of every individual young person; that even new individual sets a new problem; that he calls for at least a somewhat different emphasis in subject-matter presented. There is nothing more blindly stupid than the convention

56、 which supposes that the matter actually contained in textbooks of arithmetic, history, geography, etc., is just what will further the educational development of all children.But withdrawal from the hard and fast and narrow contents of the old curriculum is only the negative side of the matter. If w

57、e do not go far in the positive direction of providing a body of subject-matter much richer, more varied and flexible, and also in truth more definite, judged in terms of the experience of those being educated, than traditional education supplied, we shall tend to leave an educational vacuum in whic

58、h anything may happen. Complete isolation is impossible in nature. The young live in some environment whether we intend it or not, and this environment is constantly interacting with what children and youth bring to it, and the result is the shaping of their interests, minds and charactereither educ

59、atively or mis-educatively. If the professed educator gives up his responsibility for judging and selecting the kind of environment that his best understanding leads him to think will be contributive to growth, then the young are left at the mercy of all the unorganized and casual forces of the mode

60、rn social environment that inevitably play upon them as long as they live. In the educative environment the knowledge, judgment and experience of the teacher is a greater, not a smaller factor, than it is in the traditional school. The difference is that the teacher operates not as a judge set on hi