2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南交通大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號92

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南交通大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat. One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the suns rays. Desert ma

2、mmals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature. Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally b

3、e fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grants gazelles. The overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel. This is an advantage since the

4、 heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of heat does not begin until well into the day.Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals. The camel can lo

5、se up to 30 percent of its body weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight. An equally important adaptation is the ability to replenish this water loss at one drink. Desert animals can drink huge volumes in a short time, a

6、nd camels have been known to imbibe （吸收）over 100 liters in a few minutes. A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water

7、intoxication. The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert，as animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse pastures. Desert-adapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated. It is a common experience i

8、n people that appetite is lost even under conditions of moderate thirst.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.Why light in color is important to large animals in deserts?3.What will be fatal to non-adapted animals?4.What does the author imply about desert-adapted mammals?5.What is the following strat

9、egy NOT mentioned by the author?問題1選項A.Animals developed different strategies to survive.B.Large animals can take strategies to reduce the effect of extreme heatC.Animals can tolerate the loss of body water.D.A very dehydrated person can drink enough water to rehydrate問題2選項A.It helped them maintain

10、a constant normal body temperature.B.It reflects rather than absorbs the sun-lightC.It helps them see their peers at nightD.It helps them keep cool during the night問題3選項A.Keeping a normal body temperatureB.Drinking polluted waterC.Drinking huge volumes of water in a short timeD.Feeding when dehydrat

11、ed問題4選項A.They do not need to eat much food.B.They can eat large quantities quicklyC.They easily lose their appetitesD.They can travel long distances looking for food.問題5選項A.The body temperature can be extremely high and coldB.Tolerate the loss of body water and replenish it immediatelyC.Lost appetit

12、e under the condition of moderate thirstyD.To be light in color【答案】第1題:A第2題:B第3題:C第4題:D第5題:C【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。本文主要內(nèi)容是：為了降低酷熱的影響，生活在沙漠中的大型動物已經(jīng)進化來適應這種環(huán)境，如：顏色變淺，調(diào)節(jié)體溫，忍受身體水分喪失等。因此，A項 “動物發(fā)展出不同的生存策略”符合文章大意。第2題:細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出：One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the suns rays（

13、一種適應是讓自己顏色變淺，反射而不是吸收太陽光線）。由此可知，淺色對沙漠中的大型動物很重要，是因為淺色反射太陽光。故選B項。第3題:細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出：A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from wa

14、ter intoxication（另一方面，一個極度脫水的人，不能一次性地喝大量的水來補充所缺水分，因為人的胃不夠大，而且體液的迅速稀釋會導致水中毒而引起死亡）。因此，C項 “短時間飲大量的水”正確。第4題:判斷推理題。A: 它們不需要吃很多食物。B: 它們可以快速地大量進食。A項與B項在文中并未被提及。C: 它們很容易失去食欲。第二段指出：Desert-adapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated（適應沙漠的哺乳動物還有在極度脫水時正常進食的能力）。因此C項不符合原文所述

15、。D: 它們可以長途跋涉尋找食物。第二段指出：The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse pastures（在沙漠中，能夠忍受水分流失是一個明顯的優(yōu)勢，這樣動物不必待在水源附近，而是可以從廣闊的牧場獲得食物）。由此可知，能忍受水分流失的動物能長途跋涉來喂飽自己。因此D項正確。第5題:細節(jié)事實題。A: 體溫可以非常高和低。第一段

16、指出：desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height（沙漠哺乳動物允許它們的體溫上升到一般認為發(fā)燒的溫度），以及：indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel（事實上，到黎明時分，氣溫會降得異常低，駱駝體內(nèi)的溫度會低到34攝氏度）。因此A項有被提及。B:忍受體內(nèi)水分的流失，并立即補充水分。第二段指出：Another stra

17、tegy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals（大型沙漠動物的另一種策略是忍受體內(nèi)水分的流失，這種流失對那些還沒有適應環(huán)境的動物來說是致命的）,以及：An equally important adaptation is the ability to replenish this water loss at one drink（一種同樣重要的適應能力是在一次飲水中補充損失的水分）。因此B項有被提及。C:

18、中度口渴的情況下沒有食欲。D: 顏色變淺。第一段指出：One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the suns rays（一種進化是讓自己變成淺色，反射而不是吸收太陽光線）。因此D項也有被提及。四個選項中，只有C項不是沙漠動物為適應環(huán)境形成的進化，故選C。2.單選題The computer revolution may well change society as （ ） as did the Industrial Revolution.問題1選項A.certainlyB.insigni

19、ficantlyC.fundamentallyD.comparatively【答案】C【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項certainly“當然；必定”；B選項insignificantly“無關(guān)緊要地”；C選項fundamentally“ 根本地，從根本上；基礎地”；D選項comparatively“比較地；相當?shù)亍薄＞湟猓河嬎銠C革命可能會像工業(yè)革命一樣從根本上改變我們的社會。因此C符合句意。3.單選題The younger persons attraction to stereos cannot be explained only（ ）familiarity with technology.問題

20、1選項A.in quest ofB.by means ofC.in terms ofD.by virtue of【答案】C【解析】句意:年輕人對立體音響的偏愛不能僅僅用對技術(shù)的熟悉來解釋考查短語辨析。in quest of 探尋；尋求；by means of 用；憑借；in terms of依據(jù)；在方面；從角度來；by virtue of 由于；憑借。因此C項符合句意。4.單選題The new appointment of our president （ ）from the very beginning of next semester.問題1選項A.takes effectB.takes p

21、artC.takes placeD.takes turns【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。選項A：take effect “生效，起作用”;選項B：take part “參與，參加”；選項C：take place “發(fā)生，舉行，就位”;選項D：take turns “輪流，依次”。句意：校長的新任命從下個學期的開始就生效。根據(jù)句意可知，本題選項A更切合題意，正確。5.單選題（ ）all our kindness to help her, Sara refused to listen.問題1選項A.AtB.InC.ForD.On【答案】C【解析】句意:盡管我們好意要幫助Sara，但她不肯聽從我們

22、?？疾槎陶Z辨析。At all（否定）根本，究竟；in all總共，合計；for all 盡管，雖然；沒有on all的搭配用法。根據(jù)后半句句意 “但她不肯聽從我們”可知C項正確。6.單選題When people are asked what kind of housing they need or want, the question（ ）a variety of answers.問題1選項A.defiesB.magnifiesC.mediatesD.evokes【答案】D【解析】句意:當人們被問及他們需要或想要什么樣的住房時，這個問題引起了各種各樣的回答考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應動詞的三單形

23、式。defy 藐視；公然反抗；挑釁；magnify 放大：贊美；夸大; mediate 調(diào)停；evoke 引起；喚起。該動詞的賓語是a variety of answers(各種各樣的回答)，由此可知D項符合句意。7.單選題The most effective way I know to improve your writing is to do free writing exercises regularly. At least three times a week. They are sometimes called “automatic writing”，“babbling”, or “

24、jabbering” exercises. The idea is simply to write for ten minutes (later on, perhaps fifteen or twenty). Dont stop for anything. Go quickly without rushing. Never stop to look back, to cross something out, to wonder how to spell something, to wonder what word or thought to use, or to think about wha

25、t you are doing. If you cant think of a word or spelling, just use a squiggle or else write, “I cant think of it.” Just put down something. The easiest thing is just to put down whatever is in your mind. If you get stuck, its fine to write “I cant think what to say, I cant think what to say” as many

26、 times as you want; or repeat the last word you wrote over and over again; or anything else. The only requirement is that you never stop.What happens to a free writing exercise is important. It must be a piece of writing which, even if someone reads it, doesnt send any ripples back to you. It is lik

27、e writing something and putting it in a bottle in the sea. The teacherless class helps your writing by providing maximum feedback. Free writings help you by providing no feedback at all. When I assign one, I invite the writer to let me read it. But also tell him to keep it if he prefers. I read it q

28、uickly and make no comments at all and I do not speak with him about it. The main thing is that a free writing must never be evaluated in any way; in fact there must be no discussion or comment at all.Free writing may seem crazy but actually it makes simple sense. Think of the difference between spe

29、aking and writing. Writing has the advantage of permitting more editing. But thats its downfall too. Almost everybody interposes a massive and complicated series of editings between the time the words start to be born into consciousness and when they finally come of the end of the pencil or typewrit

30、er onto the page. This is partly because schooling makes us obsessed with the “mistakes” we make in writing. Many people are constantly thinking about spelling and grammar as they try to write. I am always thinking about the awkwardness, wordiness, and general mushiness of my natural verbal product

31、as I try to write down words.1.What is the main purpose of this passage?2.Which of the following is encouraged about free writing?3.According to the passage, the phrase “get stuck” is closest in meaning to which of the following?4.The author believes that compared with speaking, writing（ ）.5.Which o

32、f the following is NOT a general practice in free writing, according to the author?問題1選項A.To point out the only effective way of improving writing.B.To reveal the crazy feature of “automatic writing”.C.To urge readers to try to do free writing exercises regularly.D.To describe the process of free wr

33、iting問題2選項A.Thinking about spelling and grammar as we try to write.B.Teachers are supposed to provide feedback or make comments about a piece of writing.C.Cross out those ideas that seem to be ambiguous.D.Never worry about the “mistakes” we make in writing.問題3選項A.Unable to do any more of something t

34、hat you are working on because it is too difficultB.Fixed in a particular position and impossible to moveC.Unable to escape from a boring situationD.Start doing something eagerly and with a lot of energy.問題4選項A.has the advantage of permitting more editingB.functions more as a conscious process of co

35、rrecting “mistake”C.is just to put down whatever is in your mindD.makes more sense than simply putting down words問題5選項A.Writing down whatever is in your mind.B.Paying no attention to spelling, diction or grammar while writing.C.Writing something and putting it in a bottle in the sea.D.Ignoring all p

36、ossible mistakes while writing.【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:A第4題:A第5題:C【解析】第1題:作者意圖題。文章首先介紹了自由寫作，包括其注意事項以及方式和特征，在最后一段的開頭也強調(diào): Free writing may seem crazy but actually it makes simple sense (自由寫作也許看起來非常瘋狂，但是這里面的道理很簡單)。最后對比了學校的寫作教育和自由寫作，因此B項 “揭示自由寫作”比較符合文章的目的。第2題:細節(jié)事實題。A:寫作時思考拼寫和語法。B:老師應該對一篇文章做出反饋或評論。C:把那些看起來模棱兩可

37、的想法去掉。D:永遠不要擔心寫作時會“犯錯”。第一段指出: Never stop to look back, to cross something out, to wonder how to spell something (不要停下來去回顧已經(jīng)寫的內(nèi)容，去劃掉一部分，去思考單詞該怎么拼寫)，因此A項跟C項不是自由寫作所鼓勵的。由 “Free writings help you by providing no feedback at all (自由寫作通過不提供任何的反饋來達到幫助的目的)”可知B項也不是自由寫作所鼓勵的，故選D。第3題:詞義題?！癵et stuck”出現(xiàn)在第一段: If yo

38、u get stuck, its fine to write “I cant think what to say, I cant think what to say” as many times as you want (如果你get stuck，你可以直接寫我不知道該寫什么”)。由此推斷出文章中的get stuck指的是在寫作過程中遇到困難，不知道該寫什么內(nèi)容以及不知道該怎么寫，故答案選項為A。第4題:細節(jié)事實題。Think of the difference between speaking and writing. Writing has the advantage of permitt

39、ing more editing (思考一下說話和寫作之間的區(qū)別。寫作的優(yōu)點是可以寫下很多)，A項是對此句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故選A。第5題:細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出: The easiest thing is just to put down whatever is in your mind (最簡單的就是把出現(xiàn)在腦海中的東西都寫下來)，由此可知A是自由寫作的訓練方法之一。第一段還指出: Never stop to look back, to cross something out, to wonder how to spell something (不要停下來去回顧已經(jīng)寫的內(nèi)容，去劃掉一些部分，去思

40、考單詞該怎么拼寫)，最后一段指出: Many people are constantly thinking about spelling and grammar as they try to write. I am always thinking about the awkwardness, wordiness, and general mushiness of my natural verbal product as I try to write down words (許多人在寫作的時候都會頻繁地去思考拼寫和語法的問題。我在寫東西的時候通常會去思考詞不達意、冗長、 模糊不清等方面的問題)。

41、由此可知B和D屬于自由寫作的訓練方法，而C項誤解了文章中的比喻修辭手法，因此答案選C。8.翻譯題1.中國是世界上的發(fā)明大國，但是很多發(fā)明無法走出實驗室，歸根結(jié)底是資金問題。2.當然我們還應該充分意識到，大熊貓生存的主要威脅不是來自于大熊貓的繁殖能力，而是來自于人類對大熊貓自然生態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞。3.他飲他的花酒，我喝我的清茶。人生需要一種境界：自我安定。4.自幼來自農(nóng)村且深受“誰知盤中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”陶冶的我，是斷然不肯將能吃的剩菜倒掉的。5.太多的醫(yī)學和研究生教育把學生禁閉在黑暗的房間里，使他們成為被強迫灌輸信息的笨人?！敬鸢浮?.China, one of the worlds leading

42、 innovators, finds itself in the awkward situation of being unable to get many of its inventions out of the labs, which comes down to the problem of funding.2. Of course, we should also be fully aware that the main threat to the survival of the panda species comes not from the poor propagation of th

43、e species, but from mankinds destruction of pandas natural habitat.3. Life, it seems to me, needs a placidity of mind. While others may be wining and dining, Im content with plain tea.4. Born in the countryside and always taught to believe profoundly in the need to “treasure each and every grain of

44、rice in the bowl”，I flatly refuse to throw away the leftovers.5. Too many medical students and postgraduates receive education in a closed room, and finally become a passive knowledge-receiving idiot.9.單選題The governments new cyber-security officials yesterday asked telecommunications companies for h

45、elp in building a government computer network that would have no risk of outside penetration a task some computer security consultants say is nearly impossible. Plans for the private network, called Govnet, hinge on whether a reliable network infrastructure can be built at an affordable price, offic

46、ials said. Computer system consultants said they could not estimate how much the network would cost because of the governments enormous size and security needs. Richard Clarke, who was appointed special adviser to the president for cyberspace security this week, said he believes a more reliable syst

47、em can be built. Ninety percent of available fiber-optic space is unused and fairly inexpensive to obtain, he said.Govnet is part of a plan Clarke announced earlier this week to secure our cyberspace from a range of possible threats, from hackers to criminals to terrorist groups, to foreign nations,

48、 which might use cyber-war against us in the future. Govnet would be completely independent from the Internet to help keep out hackers and viruses, according to the governments plan. The request from the General Services Administration asks that telecommunications companies submit proposals about ho

49、w the network could be built, how much it would cost, and how long it would take to construct.This year, the current network has been breached by hackers, computer worms and viruses. The system was also roughed up by the Code Red computer worm and an attack program called “I Love You. The viruses af

50、fected thousands of government computers. Last year a report by the General Accounting Office, an internal government watchdog, found weaknesses in the computer network that could allow terrorists or hackers to severely damage or disrupt national defense or vital public operations or steal sensitive

51、 data. Clarke said the governments current virtual private network is vulnerable to viruses and denial-of-service attacks that would make it more difficult to execute Govnet.An internal network, such as the Govnet proposal, is worth investigating but will probably fall to sophisticated hackers, said

52、 Am it Yoran. chief executive of the security-services company Riptech Inc. and a former information-security program director at the Defense Department. It is probably more feasible to implement and strongly enforce global security postures and practices rather than go out and purchase new assets.”

53、 Yoran said. “Once someone is able to get in, they will find a weak link. When you have a network the size of the governments there will be weak links. Someone will get in.”1.According to the passage, what is Govnet?2.It is implied that some computer consultants consider Govnet to be almost impossib

54、le because（ ）.3.By what means will Govnet realize the enhancement of the governments cyber-security?4.What Amit Yoran said amounts to denying（ ）.5.The initiative for constructing an internal network stems from（ ）.問題1選項A.A reliable network infrastructure that can be built at an affordable price.B.A g

55、overnment computer network that may prove immune to penetration.C.A national security system to be developed by the government.D.A private national security system to be developed against outside invasion.問題2選項A.a considerable cost will be requiredB.there isnt a reliable network infrastructure yetC.

56、it is totally different from the InternetD.no telecommunications company can afford it問題3選項A.By stepping up its virus-killing software.B.By scanning for viruses and attacks constantly.C.By secluding itself from the Internet.D.By establishing an internal watchdog committee.問題4選項A.the feasibility of b

57、uilding a security programB.the efficiency of the present network in countering outside attacksC.the conceived security of GovnetD.the possibility of enhancing the security of the government network問題5選項A.the vulnerability of the present network to outside attacksB.the improvement in network securit

58、y technologyC.the desire to build a stronger national defense systemD.the proposals submitted by telecommunications companies【答案】第1題:B第2題:A第3題:C第4題:C第5題:A【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。Govnet的意思可參考首句: The governments new cyber-security officials yesterday asked telecommunications companies for help in building a gov

59、ernment computer network that would have no risk of outside penetration (政府新的網(wǎng)絡安全官員昨天要求電信公司幫助建立一個不會受到外來入侵威脅的政府計算機網(wǎng)絡)。由此可知，B項 “一個可能證明免于侵入的政府計算機網(wǎng)絡”正確。第2題:細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出: Computer system consultants said they could not estimate how much the network would cost because of the governments enormous size and s

60、ecurity needs (計算機系統(tǒng)顧問們稱，由于政府的巨大規(guī)模和安全需要，所以他們無法估算該網(wǎng)絡的花費)。由此可知A項“需要相當大的花費”正確。第3題:細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出: Govnet would be completely independent from the Internet to help keep out hackers and viruses, according to the governments plan (根據(jù)政府的計劃，Govnet將完全獨立于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，以幫助抵御黑客和病毒)。由此可知C項“通過讓自身與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)隔離開”正確。第4題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位至最后一