2022年考研考博-考博英語-遼寧大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)100

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-遼寧大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題In the present economic（ ）we can make even greater progress than previously.問題1選項(xiàng)A.airB.moodC.areaD.climate【答案】D【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)air “空氣，大氣”；B選項(xiàng)mood“情緒，語氣，心境，氣氛”；C選項(xiàng)area“區(qū)域，地區(qū)，面積，范圍”；D選項(xiàng)climate“氣候，風(fēng)氣，思潮，風(fēng)土”，句意：在目前的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境下，

2、我們可以取得比以前更大的進(jìn)步。climate除表示氣候，風(fēng)土外，還可指（社會(huì)）風(fēng)氣，一般（社會(huì)）趨勢(shì)。如：political climate政治風(fēng)氣。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。2.單選題She has been melancholy for nearly two weeks.問題1選項(xiàng)A.upsetB.sadC.voraciousD.satiated【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。melancholy意為“悲傷的，憂郁的”；upset意為“心煩的；混亂的”，指因?yàn)槭艽於趩剩籹ad意為“難過的，悲哀的”，指感情上的悲傷；voracious意為“貪吃的，求知欲強(qiáng)的”；satiated意為“滿足的”。句意

3、：她已經(jīng)憂郁了將近兩周了。3.翻譯題清潔的空氣對(duì)于健康是至關(guān)重要的。如果空氣中含有雜質(zhì)，這些雜質(zhì)就有可能被我們的身體吸收，使人生病。我們需要清潔的空氣，但不幸的是，目前普遍存在著空氣污染，尤其是在城市里。城市里有許多食品廠、服裝廠和制造其他東西的工廠。每天這些工廠把千百萬噸的煙灰排放到空氣中。工廠產(chǎn)生的東西過一個(gè)時(shí)期就會(huì)損壞，然后就作為垃圾扔掉。我們燒掉許多垃圾，煙灰就增多了。還有工廠生產(chǎn)的汽車，一旦出廠在街上行駛，將會(huì)吸進(jìn)空氣，排出有毒氣體，并增加空氣中的煙塵。世界上沒有任何一個(gè)地方可以徹底擺脫空氣污染，我們必須采取措施來控制空氣污染?，F(xiàn)在越來越多的人正在認(rèn)識(shí)到清潔空氣的重要性。學(xué)校開設(shè)了關(guān)

4、于污染問題的課程。企業(yè)開始幫著凈化空氣，他們安裝了特別的設(shè)備來清除自己排放的煙霧?？茖W(xué)家和發(fā)明家正在努力開發(fā)更清潔的汽車和火車引擎?；蛟S，人們?cè)诔鞘欣锬芎粑迈r空氣的日子終將到來。【答案】【參考譯文】Clean air is vital to good health. If the air contains impurities, they may be absorbed by our bodies make us ill. We need clean air, but unfortunately, air pollution is generally present, especially

5、in cities. There are many food factories, garment factories and factories for making other products in cities. Every day these factories discharge million tons of smoke and soot into the air. Things made in factories wear out after a while and are thrown away as trash. We burn a lot of trash, which

6、produces more smoke and soot. Moreover, once the automobiles produced by factories are out on the street, they will take in air and replace it with poisonous gases, which again produce more smoke and soot.No area in the world can completely free of air pollution. We must take measures to control it.

7、 Now more and more people are realizing the importance of clean air. Schools have taught about the pollution problem. Industries are begun to help clean up, by installing equipment to clean up their smoke. Scientists and inventors are making efforts to develop cleaner automobiles and the engine of t

8、rain.Perhaps the day when people are able to breathe fresh air in cities will come at last.4.單選題The corporation expects only（ ）increases in sales next year despite a yearlong effort to revive its retailing business.問題1選項(xiàng)A.modestB.predictableC.dynamicD.expanding【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)modest“適度的，謙虛的”；B選項(xiàng)

9、predictable“可預(yù)言的”；C選項(xiàng)dynamic“動(dòng)態(tài)的，動(dòng)力的，有活力的”；D選項(xiàng)expanding“擴(kuò)大的，擴(kuò)展的”。句意：盡管用過去一年的時(shí)間去努力恢復(fù)零售市場(chǎng)，但是公司僅僅期盼業(yè)績(jī)（ ）增長(zhǎng)即可。題干中的despite表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此空格所填單詞應(yīng)該與despite所引導(dǎo)的句子產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果相反，正常情況下，付出了努力必然期盼有回報(bào)，所以這里應(yīng)填與increase意思相反的詞匯。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。5.單選題You have to thaw the meat before it can be cooked.問題1選項(xiàng)A.tenderizeB.defrostC.seasonD.braise【

10、答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。thaw意為“(結(jié)冰后) 解凍，融化，融解”；tenderize意為“使嫩，使軟化”；defrost意為“（給）化霜，（使）解凍”；season意為“加調(diào)料調(diào)味，加作料”；braise意為“燉，燜”。句意：烹飪?nèi)庵埃愕孟冉鈨鏊?.單選題Evidence came up that _ speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.問題1選項(xiàng)A.specificB.distinctiveC.explicitD.blunt【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)specific“特殊

11、的，特定的；明確的；詳細(xì)的”，著重指某種、某類事物具有的特殊或特定的屬性；B選項(xiàng)distinctive“獨(dú)特的，有特色的；與眾不同的”，常被用來突出某個(gè)特點(diǎn)，也就是說由于某個(gè)特點(diǎn)的存在使其不同于其他的人或事物；C選項(xiàng)explicit“明確的；清楚的；直率的；詳述的”；D選項(xiàng)blunt“鈍的，不鋒利的；生硬的；直率的”。句意：有證據(jù)表明，6個(gè)月大的嬰兒就能識(shí)別_語音。此處強(qiáng)調(diào)語音，用“特定的”一詞修飾更符合句意，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。7.單選題Both parties promised to（ ）the contract to be signed the following day.問題1選項(xiàng)A.ke

12、ep withB.tangle withC.adhere toD.devote to【答案】C【解析】考查詞組辨析。keep with意為“陪伴”；tangle with意為“與吵架，與爭(zhēng)論”；adhere to意為“遵循，依附，堅(jiān)持”；devote to意為“專用于做，專心于做”。句意：雙方都承諾遵守次日將要簽署的合約。8.單選題In most countries, the law on organ transplantation is poorly defined, as legislation has not yet been created to cope with this adva

13、nce in surgery. The existing framework relating to physical assault and care of the dead has no provision for organ transplantation. It is customary to ask the permission of the relatives, but because organ removal must take place immediately after death, it may be impossible to reach the relatives

14、in time. It has been suggested that there should be a widespread campaign to encourage persons to provide in their wills that their organs be used for transplantation. An alternative is to provide by law that permission is assumed unless removal has been forbidden by the individual in his lifetime.

15、Such laws have been passed in Denmark, France, Sweden, Italy, and Israel. Compulsory postmortem examination, a far more extensive procedure than organ removal for grafting, is required in most countries after unexpected death, and this compulsion is not a matter of public concern and debate.There wo

16、uld seem to be no reason why organ removal for transplantation purposes should not also be acceptable to public opinion, provided there is a mechanism by which individuals in their lifetime can refuse this permission. This, of course, requires an efficient register of those who indicate their refusa

17、l; the register would be consulted before any organs would be removed. It is important that there be public reassurance that consideration of transplantation would not impair normal resuscitative efforts of the potential donor.Transplantation has obviously raised important ethical considerations con

18、cerning the diagnosis of death, and particularly, how far resuscitation should be continued. Every effort must be made to restore the heartbeat to someone who has had a sudden cardiac arrest or breathing to someone who cannot breathe. Artificial respiration and massage of the heart, the standard met

19、hods of resuscitation, are continued until it is clear that the brain is dead. Most physicians consider that beyond this point efforts at resuscitation are useless.1.According to the author, which of the following is NOT true?2.Which of the following is NOT a suggestion made in the passage?3.The wor

20、d “impair” at the end of Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by（ ）.4.It is believed that efforts at resuscitation are useless when（ ）.5.Which of the following sentences can best sum up the passage?問題1選項(xiàng)A.Most countries do not have an effective law on organ transplantationB.The traditional ways of askin

21、g for permission of relatives for organ removal dos not proved to be always feasibleC.It is hard to understand why people should remain silent on compulsory postmortem exam after unexpected death.D.In some countries these are laws providing that the permission of organ removal is taken for granted u

22、nless it has been refused by the person in his lifetime.問題2選項(xiàng)A.People should be encouraged to donate their organs after deathB.Organ removal should be permitted in the course of compulsory postmortem exam.C.Organ removal for transplantation should be advocated because it benefits the human societyD.

23、Organ removal for transplantation could be considered legal unless the dead person stated otherwise in his life time.問題3選項(xiàng)A.neglectB.weakenC.come together withD.be superior to問題4選項(xiàng)A.artificial respiration and massage of the heart have yielded no obvious resultB.a persons heartbeat and breath has tot

24、ally stoppedC.standard methods of resuscitation have failedD.the brain is certainly dead問題5選項(xiàng)A.Legal and ethical problems of organ transplantationB.Some underlying principles on organ transplantationC.The diagnosis of death before organ transplantationD.The difference between compulsory postmortem e

25、xam and organ transplantation【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:B第4題:D第5題:A【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段首句In most countries, the law on organ transplantation is poorly defined, as legislation has not yet been created to cope with this advance in surgery.（在大多數(shù)國(guó)家，器官移植的法律定義很不明確，因?yàn)樯形粗贫ǔ鲠槍?duì)外科手術(shù)進(jìn)步的立法）可知A選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)國(guó)家沒有關(guān)于器官移植的有效法律”正確；由第一段中

26、的It is customary to ask the permission of the relatives, but because organ removal must take place immediately after death, it may be impossible to reach the relatives in time.（習(xí)慣上要征得親屬的允許，但由于器官的摘除必須在死亡后立即進(jìn)行，可能無法及時(shí)聯(lián)系到親屬）可知B選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)的器官摘除請(qǐng)求親屬許可的方法并不總是可行的”正確；由第一段中的An alternative is to provide by law that

27、permission is assumed unless removal has been forbidden by the individual in his lifetime. Such laws have been passed in Denmark, France, Sweden, Italy, and Israel.（另一種辦法是通過法律規(guī)定，除非個(gè)人在一生中禁止摘除，否則必須獲得許可。丹麥、法國(guó)、瑞典、意大利和以色列都通過了這樣的法律）可知D選項(xiàng)“在一些國(guó)家，這些法律規(guī)定，除非個(gè)人在一生中拒絕摘除，否則摘除器官的許可是理所當(dāng)然的”正確。通過排除法排除A、B、D，因此選C。2.細(xì)節(jié)事

28、實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的It has been suggested that there should be a widespread campaign to encourage persons to provide in their wills that their organs be used for transplantation.（有人建議，應(yīng)開展廣泛的宣傳，鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)谄溥z囑中規(guī)定將其器官用于移植）可知A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)谒篮缶璜I(xiàn)器官”和C選項(xiàng)“器官移植應(yīng)該提倡，因?yàn)樗欣谌祟惿鐣?huì)”正確；由第一段中的An alternative is to provide by law that p

29、ermission is assumed unless removal has been forbidden by the individual in his lifetime. （另一種辦法是通過法律規(guī)定，除非個(gè)人在一生中禁止摘除，否則必須獲得許可）可知D選項(xiàng)“移植器官的摘除可被視為合法，除非死者在其有生之年另有說明”符合題意。通過排除法排除A、C、D，因此選B。3.詞義題。neglect意為“忽視，疏忽”；weaken意為“減弱，削弱”；come together with意為“和一起”；be superior to意為“優(yōu)越于，不受誘惑”。“impair”出現(xiàn)文章第二段“It is im

30、portant that there be public reassurance that consideration of transplantation would not impair normal resuscitative efforts of the potential donor.（重要的是，政府要保證，考慮移植不會(huì)潛在供者的正常復(fù)蘇努力）”中，由此可知B選項(xiàng)最符合邏輯關(guān)系。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Artificial respiration and massage of the heart, the standard methods of resuscitation,

31、 are continued until it is clear that the brain is dead. Most physicians consider that beyond this point efforts at resuscitation are useless.（人工呼吸和心臟按摩以及復(fù)蘇的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法一直持續(xù)到腦死亡。大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認(rèn)為除此之外，努力復(fù)蘇是無用的）可知選D。5.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了器官移植法律和倫理方面的問題，因此選A。9.單選題Fossils are the traces of plants and animals of past geological

32、ages that have been preserved in the Earths crust問題1選項(xiàng)A.registersB.residueC.profusionD.precursors【答案】B【解析】考查名詞辨析。trace意為“蹤跡，痕跡”；register意為“注冊(cè)，登記”；residue意為“殘留物，殘?jiān)?；profusion 意為“大量，眾多”；precursor意為“先驅(qū)，先鋒”。句意：化石是過去地質(zhì)時(shí)代的動(dòng)植物在地殼中保存下來的痕跡。10.單選題The first coins to appear in the Western world were issued by t

33、he Lydians and the Ionian Greeks in the eighth century B.C. These coins, which were made of electrum, a natural combination of gold and silver, were irregular in weight and quality and apparently of private issue. The pure gold and silver coins with related values which appeared during the reign of

34、Croesus (560-546 B.C) provide the first undoubted evidence of standard coinage by state authority. The coins were not perfectly shaped, however, for they were struck with a hand-wielded hammer. The trend toward complete mathematical symmetry did not, in fact, begin until the coining press, invented

35、by Leonardo da Vinci in the sixteenth century, was generally adopted in the middle of the seventeenth century.One should not assume, however, that only machine-made coins are prized for their workmanship. The silver dekadrachm from Syracuse, struck about 413 B.C., is considered one of the finest Gre

36、ek coins and is worth more than a thousand dollars today. An artistic masterpiece of a much later period is the silver taler minted in Ratisbon, southern Germany, in 1754.The value of a coin is not primarily determined by its age, as many people seem to think. Many Greek and Roman coins that were is

37、sued in abundance can be purchased for a moderate price. On the other hand, a German coin made of shrapnel during the First World War is very rare and valuable. Among the especially rare United States coins are the 1804 silver dollar, the 1822 five-dollar gold piece, and the 1894 silver dime.1.Which

38、 of the following statements may NOT be right about the coins made in Lydia during the reign of Croesus?2.The authority specifically mentions all of the following specific features of the Syracuse dekadrachm EXCEPT its （ ）.3.The author makes it clear that the Syracusan dekadrachm and the German tale

39、r mentioned in the passage are（ ）.4.Leonardo de Vinci is mentioned in the passage in connection with（ ）.5.The author makes it clear that coins made by machine are（ ）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.They were issued by the governmentB.They were given standard valuesC.They were all of equal purityD.They were all alike in shap

40、e問題2選項(xiàng)A.appearanceB.scarcityC.valueD.age問題3選項(xiàng)A.handmade Western coinsB.worth about a thousand dollars each todayC.made out of different metalsD.noted for their craftsmanship問題4選項(xiàng)A.the first government issue of coinsB.the artistic aspect of coin makingC.coins issued in the sixteenth centuryD.the prod

41、uction of uniform coins問題5選項(xiàng)A.usually of greater value than handmade coinsB.more uniform in size and shape than handmade coinsC.available in large quantities than handmade coinsD.generally superior in workmanship to handmade coins【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:D第4題:B第5題:B【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的The pure gold and sil

42、ver coins with related values which appeared during the reign of Croesus provide the first undoubted evidence of standard coinage by state authority.（克里薩斯國(guó)王統(tǒng)治時(shí)期出現(xiàn)的具有相關(guān)價(jià)值的純金和銀幣，為國(guó)家當(dāng)局提供了第一個(gè)毫無疑問的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鑄幣證據(jù)）可知A、B、C的選項(xiàng)正確，因此選D。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的The coins were not perfectly shaped, however, for they were struck

43、with a hand-wielded hammer.（然而，這些硬幣的形狀并不完美，因?yàn)樗鼈兪怯檬治罩腻N子敲打的）和第二段中的The silver dekadrachm from Syracuse, struck about 413 B.C., is considered one of the finest Greek coins and is worth more than a thousand dollars today.（來自希臘庫(kù)扎的銀質(zhì)硬幣鑄造于公元前413年，被認(rèn)為是希臘最好的硬幣之一，價(jià)值超過1000美元）可知提到了這個(gè)銀幣的不足、價(jià)值以及年齡，因此選A。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章

44、第二段句首提到One should not assume, however, that only machine-made coins are prized for their workmanship.（然而，人們不應(yīng)該認(rèn)為只有機(jī)器制造的硬幣才是有價(jià)值的），緊接著以the Syracusan dekadrachm and the German taler舉例，是為了說明手工制作的硬幣具有很大的價(jià)值，因此選D。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的The trend toward complete mathematical symmetry did not, in fact, begin until

45、the coining press, invented by Leonardo da Vinci in the sixteenth century（事實(shí)上，完全數(shù)學(xué)對(duì)稱的趨勢(shì)直到十六世紀(jì)萊昂納多達(dá)芬奇發(fā)明的印壓機(jī)才開始）可知B選項(xiàng)“硬幣制作的工藝”符合題意。5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的The coins were not perfectly shaped, however, for they were struck with a hand-wielded hammer.（然而，這些硬幣的形狀并不完美，因?yàn)樗鼈兪怯檬治罩腻N子敲打的）可知以前手工制作的硬幣在形狀大小存在不足，機(jī)械制造出來的銀

46、幣其形狀大小是統(tǒng)一的，因此選B。11.單選題Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon, gazing across this giant wound in the Earths surface, a visitor might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion. In fact, the events that produced the canyon, far from being sudden and cataclysmic, simply add up t

47、o the slow and orderly process of erosion.Many millions of years ago, the Colorado Plateau in the Grand Canyon area contained 1,000 more feet of rock than it does today and was relatively level. The additional material consisted of some 14 layered fonnations of rock. In the Grand Canyon region these

48、 layers were largely worn away over the course of millions of years.Approximately 65 million years ago the plateaus flat surface in the Grand Canyon area bulged upward from internal pressure; geologists refer to this bulging action as upwarping; it was followed by a general elevation of the whole Co

49、lorado Plateau, a process that is still going on. As the plateau gradually rose, shallow rivers that meandered across it began to run more swiftly and cut more definite courses. One of these rivers, located east of the upwarp, was the ancestor of the Colorado. Another river system called the Hualapa

50、i, flowing west of the upwarp, extended itself eastward by cutting back into the upwarp; it eventually connected with the ancient Colorado and captured its waters. The new river then began to carve out the 277-miIe-long trench that eventually became the Grand Canyon. Geologists estimate that this in

51、itial cutting action began no earlier than 10 million years ago.Since then, the canyon forming has been cumulative. To the corrosive force of the river itself have been added other factors. Heat and cold, rain and snow, along with the varying resistance of the rocks, increase the opportunities for e

52、rosion. The canyon walls crumble; the river acquires a cutting tool, tons of debris; rainfall running off the high plateau creates feeder streams that carve side canyons. Pushing slowly backward into the plateau, the side canyons expose new rocks, and the pattern of erosion continues.1.What does the

53、 passage mainly discuss?2.In the first sentence the author refers to the Grand Canyon as a “wound” to indicate that（ ）.3.Which of the following conclusions about the Grand Canyon can be drawn from the passage?問題1選項(xiàng)A.Patterns of erosion in different mountain ranges.B.Forces that made the Grand Canyon

54、s.C.The increasing pollution of the Colorado River.D.The sudden appearance of the Grand Canyon.問題2選項(xiàng)A.it was caused by some ancient convulsionB.its presence is an embarrassment to the State of ColoradoC.it looks like an injury on the Earths surfaceD.it is caused many visitors to injure themselves問題3

55、選項(xiàng)A.Its contours are constantly changing.B.It contains approximately 14 million tons of rock.C.Its eruptions have increased in recent years.D.It is being eroded by toxic waste and pollutants.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:A【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段介紹了大峽谷主要是由于緩慢而有序的侵蝕作用形成；第二三段對(duì)大峽谷形成的原因和過程進(jìn)行了仔細(xì)分析；最后一段進(jìn)一步介紹大峽谷的進(jìn)一步形成是由于各種力的

56、作用。因此B選項(xiàng)“大峽谷形成的各種力”符合題意。2.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon, gazing across this giant wound in the Earths surface, a visitor might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion.（站在大峽谷的邊緣，凝視著地球表面這個(gè)巨大的傷痕，游客可能會(huì)認(rèn)為峽谷是由一些古老的震動(dòng)造成的）可知C選項(xiàng)“看上去像是地球表面的傷痕”符合題意。3.推理判斷題。由文章最

57、后一段中的Pushing slowly backward into the plateau, the side canyons expose new rocks, and the pattern of erosion continues.（緩慢地向后推進(jìn)高原，旁邊的峽谷露出新的巖石，侵蝕模式繼續(xù)進(jìn)行）可知大峽谷的輪廓在不斷變化，因此選A。12.單選題The university refused to accept him because he was not （ ）for admission.問題1選項(xiàng)A.admissibleB.permissibleC.eligibleD.suitable【

58、答案】C【解析】考查形容詞辨析。admissible意為“(尤指法庭)可接受的，受理的”；permissible意為“容許的，許可的”；eligible意為“有資格的，合格的，具備條件的” ；suitable意為“合適的，適當(dāng)?shù)摹?。句意：這所大學(xué)拒絕接收他，因?yàn)樗缓先雽W(xué)資格。13.翻譯題5. A fascinating city between sea and sky, like Venus rising from the waves, Venice welcomes tourists from the five continents drawn to her by the charm of

59、 her water and pellucid light, free from all dust and cooled by the sea breeze. She also offers the intellectual pleasures to be derived from her masterpieces which mark the meeting of East and West.【答案】【參考譯文】5.威尼斯水城海天相連，景色迷人，宛如碧波中涌現(xiàn)的維納斯，吸引著五大洲的游客。她水色旖旎，波光粼粼，清風(fēng)拂面而來，掃去你心中的不快與煩惱。而城市中那些集東西方藝術(shù)之大成的杰作，更給人

60、以精神上的享受。14.單選題The skunk protects itself from enemies by spraying them with a substance that stinks.問題1選項(xiàng)A.stings the eyesB.smells badC.causes itchingD.discolors the skin【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。stink意為“有臭味，有難聞的氣味”；sting the eyes意為“刺眼”；smell bad意為“難聞，刺鼻的怪味”；cause itching意為“引起瘙癢”；discolor the skin意為“使皮膚變色”。句意：