2022年考研考博-考博英語-西北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號34

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題They are going to have the serviceman （ ）an electric fan in the office tomorrow.問題1選項A.installB.to installC.to be installedD.installed【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)have sb. do sth.可知，這里應(yīng)該用動詞原形，所以選項A正確。2.單選題Neon is an element which does

2、not combine readily with any other element; because of this property, it is called an （ ）element.問題1選項A.expensiveB.adjacentC.activeD.inactive【答案】D【解析】expensive 昂貴的；adjacent 鄰近的；active 積極的，活躍的；inactive 不活躍的，怠惰的。句意：氖是一種不易與其他元素化合的元素；由于這個屬性，它被稱為不活躍元素。選項D符合句意。3.單選題What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we

3、 say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say, I wish I could help you but Im short of money myself. In fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you dont

4、want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?Professor Jereald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a white lie, such as when a woman at a party

5、 tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie pol

6、iticians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.Research has also been done into the way of peoples behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they ar

7、e sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now”. They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a sl

8、ight increase in blood pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch（癢）.Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book ManWatching calls “the mouth cover”. He says there are several typical forms of this

9、, such as covering part of the mouth with fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be interpreted as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose o

10、r covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and, in particular, the context in which the lie is tol

11、d.1.One sometimes tells ones friend a “white lie” because one wants to（ ）.2.One research suggests that women （ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.4.People may rub their noses when they lie because（ ）.5.It can be learned from the passage that（ ）.問題1選項A.make a profit from the other person

12、B.avoid offending the other personC.convince the other personD.have some fun問題2選項A.generally life far more than menB.tend to tell more serious lies than menC.make more promises they can fulfill than menD.are better at telling less serious lies than men問題3選項A.politicians tend to tell intentional lies

13、B.men are less skilled at telling liesC.businessmen seldom break their promisesD.women tend to make false promises問題4選項A.they suffer from high blood pressure at the timeB.the nose is the most sensitive part of the human bodyC.the nose reveals the liar more easily than the other parts of the faceD.th

14、ey do so in order to stop themselves from telling more lies問題5選項A.lies can easily be detected by careful observersB.lies are usually accompanied by strange gesturesC.people are able to tell a lie when they hear others lyingD.a liar may give away his or her intention unconsciously【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:A第

15、4題:A第5題:B【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)下文的舉例：比如一個女士在派對上對另一個女士說，她喜歡她的衣服，而實際上她覺得它看起來很糟糕。由此可推測，這樣說是為了避免冒犯他人，選項B正確。2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies.”其他研究人員表示，男性更有可能說一些更嚴重的謊言。選項D是對原文的反向表達，意思是一致的，所以正確。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“This is the kind of lie politicians and busi

16、nessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.”這是政客和商人應(yīng)該特別擅長的謊言：說謊者希望從謊言中獲利或在某些方面得到好處。由此可推測，政客們傾向于故意說謊，選項A符合原文。4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句“One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The tip of the

17、 nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch.”對此的一種解釋可能是說謊會導(dǎo)致血壓輕微升高。鼻尖對于這種變化非常敏感，血壓增加會使它發(fā)癢。選項A符合原文。5.推理判斷題。本題可采用排除法。選項A和C在文中沒有提及；選項B符合原文；選項D無法直接從文中的信息推導(dǎo)出來，所以選項B更恰當。4.單選題I think that I committed a （ ）in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.問題1選項A

18、.blunderB.revengeC.reproachD.scandal【答案】A【解析】blunder 大錯，愚蠢的錯誤；revenge報復(fù)，復(fù)仇；reproach責(zé)備，恥辱；scandal丑聞，流言蜚語。句意：我認為我在問她的時候犯了一個大錯，因為她似乎被我的問題弄得很心煩。選項A符合語境。5.單選題“Better late than never” is a （ ）that is very familiar to most English speakers.問題1選項A.plauditB.plenaryC.plentyD.platitude【答案】D【解析】plaudit 喝彩，贊美；pl

19、enary全體會議；plenty大量，充足；platitude 陳詞濫調(diào)。句意：“遲做總比不做好”是大多數(shù)說英語的人都很熟悉的陳詞濫調(diào)。選項D符合句意。6.單選題All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read （ ）letters from their families.問題1選項A.sentimentalB.affectionateC.intimateD.sensitive【答案】B【解析】sentimental 傷感的，多愁善感的；affectionate 深情的，充滿愛的；intimate 親密的，精通的

20、；sensitive 敏感的，易受傷害的。句意：所有的海上石油探測者讀到家人寫的充滿愛的信時，都會情緒高漲。選項B符合語境。7.單選題The lawyer browbeat the witness into confessing he had seen the crime committed.問題1選項A.talkedB.forcedC.caressedD.intimidated【答案】D【解析】句意：律師恫嚇證人承認他目睹了犯罪。browbeat意為恫嚇，嚇唬。只有選項D與之意思相近。8.單選題Why does a vegetarian restaurant make its dishes

21、resemble meat in every way except （ ）?問題1選項A.ingredientsB.componentsC.elementsD.compounds【答案】A【解析】ingredient成分，配料，原料；component組件，元件；element元素，要素；compound化合物；混合物。句意：為什么素食餐廳的菜除了配料外，其他各個方面都像肉？選項A符合語境。9.單選題Her （ ）manner embarrassed the others at the party.問題1選項A.affableB.tractableC.sapidD.gauche【答案】D【解析

22、】affable 和藹可親的，友善的；tractable 易于管教的，易駕馭的；sapid 有滋味的，有趣的；gauche 笨拙的，粗魯?shù)?，不善交際的。句意：她在聚會上笨拙的舉止使其他人感到很尷尬。選項D符合句意。10.單選題Under the （ ）of Professor Roberts, the 900 delegates assessed and discussed the social market economy.問題1選項A.custodianB.alienationC.tutelageD.help【答案】C【解析】custodian 管理人，監(jiān)護人；alienation異化，疏

23、遠；tutelage 指導(dǎo)。句意：在Roberts教授的指導(dǎo)下，900名代表對社會市場經(jīng)濟進行了評估和討論。選項C更符合語境。11.翻譯題大學(xué)之所以有理由存在，是因為它使老少兩代人在富于想象力的學(xué)習(xí)中，保持了知識與生活熱情之間的聯(lián)系。大學(xué)提供信息，但它是富于想象地提供信息。至少，這是它應(yīng)該為社會發(fā)揮的作用。一所大學(xué)如果做不到這一點，就沒有理由存在。富于想象的思維可以營造出一種令人興奮的氛圍，而這種氛圍又可以轉(zhuǎn)化知識。事實不再只是純粹的事實，它被賦予了種種可能性。它不再是記憶的負擔，而是充滿活力，猶如能描繪我們夢境的詩人，能實現(xiàn)我們意圖的建筑師?！敬鸢浮縏he justification for

24、 a university is that it preserves the connection between knowledge and the zest of life, by uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning. The university imparts information, but it imparts it imaginatively. At least, this is the function which it should perform for soc

25、iety. A university which fails in this respect has no reason for existence. This atmosphere of excitement, arising from imaginative consideration, transforms knowledge. A fact is no longer a bare fact: it is invested with all its possibilities. It is no longer a burden on the memory: it is energizin

26、g as the poet of our dreams, and as the architect of our purposes.12.單選題The hotel was a four-storey building away from the university where most competitors were accommodated.問題1選項A.put upB.put downC.put inD.put over【答案】A【解析】accommodated在這里指容納，安置。put up提供，建造，舉起；put down 放下，鎮(zhèn)壓；put in 提交，放入；put over 推

27、遲，駛過。選項A放在句中最為恰當，符合語境。13.單選題For several years the lives of the two old ladies continued to revolve in intimate enmity around each other.問題1選項A.companionshipB.hospitalityC.amiabilityD.hostility【答案】D【解析】句意：幾年來，這兩位老太太的生活一直圍繞著彼此的恩怨而轉(zhuǎn)。enmity意為敵意，憎恨。companionship 友誼，伴侶；hospitality 殷勤，好客；amiability 和藹可親，友善

28、；hostility 敵意，敵對。選項D與之意思相近。14.單選題It has been widely accepted that the size of the universe （ ）our imagination.問題1選項A.transformsB.transfersC.transpiresD.transcends【答案】D【解析】transform改變，轉(zhuǎn)化； transfer轉(zhuǎn)移，移交；transpire蒸發(fā)，泄露；transcend勝過，超越。句意：人們普遍認為宇宙的大小超出了我們的想象。選項D符合句意。15.單選題Diamonds have little （ ）value an

29、d their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.問題1選項A.extinctB.permanentC.surplusD.intrinsic【答案】D【解析】extinct滅絕的，絕種的；permanent永久的，不變的；surplus剩余的，過剩的；intrinsic本質(zhì)的，固有的。 句意：鉆石本身沒有什么價值，它們的價格幾乎完全取決于它們的稀缺性。選項D符合句意。16.單選題Mary is fine girl even though shes sometimes abrupt in manner.問題1選項A.deviousB.

30、brusqueC.shrewD.irritable【答案】B【解析】句意：瑪麗是個好女孩，雖然她有時舉止粗魯。abrupt意為“生硬的，唐突的，粗魯?shù)?。Devious偏僻的，彎曲的；brusque唐突的，直率的，無禮 的；shrew潑婦，悍婦；irritable急躁的，易怒的。選項B與之意思最為相近。17.單選題What is the proper balance between the culture heritage and the globalization that threatens to （ ）the world in one model?問題1選項A.classifyB.just

31、ifyC.purifyD.unify【答案】D【解析】classify分類，分等；justify證明合法，替辯護；purify凈化，使純凈；unify統(tǒng)一，使一致。句意：文化遺產(chǎn)和威脅世界統(tǒng)一成一種模式的全球化之間的適當平衡是什么？選項D符合句意。18.單選題The （ ）of these many events led many people to believe that they were interrelated.問題1選項A.concurrenceB.agreementC.occurrenceD.circumstance【答案】A【解析】concurrence同時發(fā)生， 贊同，合作；

32、agreement 協(xié)議，同意，一致；occurrence 發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；circumstance 環(huán)境，情況，境遇。句意：許多這些事件同時發(fā)生使很多人相信它們之間是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。選項A符合句意。19.單選題His （ ）life as a revolutionary made him highly adaptable to various kinds of hard living conditions.問題1選項A.erraticB.eccentricC.erroneousD.inured【答案】A【解析】erratic不穩(wěn)定的； eccentric 古怪的，反常的；erroneous 錯誤的，

33、不正確的；inured 習(xí)慣 的。句意：作為革命者，飄忽不定的生活使他能夠適應(yīng)各種艱苦的生活條件。選項A符合句意。20.翻譯題Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.My eldest daughter, an Internet consultant, is only 30, but she has already lived in five different houses in five different places and has had

34、 about six different jobs. Every time I visit her, I notice how many new things there are in her house, and how many things lie unused, out of date. What is even more striking is how many things there are which are not expected to lastdisposable things. Disposable plates and glasses, disposable towe

35、ls and babies, nappies (尿布). It sometimes seems that we live in an age of the disposable.（1）This phenomenon of constant change runs through everything in life nowadays, from fashion to music, from medicine to motorcars, from education to employment. Two important factors seem to be driving these cha

36、nges. The first is the rapid growth in knowledge and the consequent rapid development of technology. The second is the revolution in communications, which means that knowledge is spread faster and more widely than ever. Our times are often called “the information age” and the effect is to bring abou

37、t “the knowledge economy”. New technologies and new knowledge bring about the need for new skills.（2）The speed with which these technologies are being created is such that all of us are faced with the challenge of learning new skills, not just once, but several times. What we knew yesterday is often

38、 obsolete today.I remember my daughter saying to that she was at “the cutting edge” of her particular field. But within five years, she said, she would have to do something new and different to keep up. There is a great need for flexibility and problem-solving than before. Tasks require a greater in

39、tegration of skills. （3）The rewards of life go to the multi-skilled, to flexible teams of workers each capable of contributing in a range of ways.（4）To succeed in this new world of work, individuals will have to regard their careers not just as a process of gathering experience, but as a process of

40、learning new things on an almost continuous basis. All this suggests to me that the relationship between education and employment has changed radically over the last few years. （5）One could summarize the change by saying that when I learned things in order to achieve life-long employment while my ch

41、ildren need to pursue life-long learning in order to stay employed.【答案】1. 這種不斷變化的現(xiàn)象如今貫穿著生活中的一切，從時裝到音樂，從醫(yī)藥到“摩托車”，從教育到就業(yè)。2.創(chuàng)造技術(shù)的速度是這樣的，我們大家都面臨著不只是一次，而是多次地學(xué)習(xí)新技能的挑戰(zhàn)。3.生活的獎賞趨向多種技能，以及每個職工在一個靈活的團隊能夠在多方面做出貢獻。4.為了在這種新的工作世界中成功，個人將不得不考慮自己的事業(yè)不僅是一種收集經(jīng)驗的過程，也是一個連續(xù)不斷地學(xué)習(xí)新事物的過程。5.人們可以總結(jié)說，我學(xué)東西是為了獲得終生的就業(yè)機會，而我的孩子則需要終生學(xué)習(xí)

42、，以維持就業(yè)。21.單選題In the face of an uncooperative Congress, the Chief Executive may find himself （ ）to accomplish the political program to which he is committed.問題1選項A.neutralB.impotentC.impudentD.pious【答案】B【解析】neutral 中立的；impotent無力的，無效的；impudent魯莽的，無禮的；pious虔誠的，盡責(zé)的。句意：面對不合作的國會，行政長官可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無力完成他所承諾的政治計劃。

43、選項B符合句意。22.單選題Any driver stopped by the police for some minor traffic （ ）can be asked to take a test for alcoholic drinking.問題1選項A.violationB.accidentC.congestionD.problem【答案】A【解析】violation 違反，妨礙，侵害；accident 意外，事故；congestion 擁擠，擁塞。句意：任何因輕微交通違章被警察攔下的司機都可以被要求做酒精測試。選項A符合句意。23.單選題Plays are an important

44、form of entertainment in most countries. Two kinds of drama unique to Japan are Noh and Kabuki. Music is used in both types of drama. Originally, men performed both mens and womens parts in Noh and Kabuki plays. But the similarities end there.Kabuki costumes are fancy, bright, and heavy. Real gold i

45、s used on them. On the other hand, Noh costumes are quite simple. Kabuki stages are huge. The stage sets are elaborate. Noh stages are only 18 feet (5.4 meters) square. The only scenery used is background wall with a tree painted on it. A scene changes when the Noh actors change their places. The au

46、dience must use a lot of imaginations.Noh plays started in the fourteenth century to entertain the upper class. The form of the play has not changed much since that time. All parts of a Noh play must follow a certain set of rules. To a person unfamiliar with Noh drama, a Noh actor may look as if he

47、is sleepwalking. The action of the play is slow. Every movement is controlled. Certain actions stand for certain things. For example, a few steps forward mean the end of a journey. An important part of a Noh play is the chorus that chants much of the story.Kabuki plays were developed in the seventee

48、nth century for the common people. Theatre was the main amusement of the merchants of that time. Kabuki plays give a clear picture of those merchants tastes and ideas. The colorful costumes reflect their gay moods. The heroes are often warriors who perform daring feats. The players wear thick makeup

49、. They exaggerate their movements and facial expressions to communicate feeling.Music is very important to Kabuki plays, Kabuki actors sing, dance, and speak their lines while the music is played in the background. The music may sound strange at first, but it makes the action on the stage more excit

50、ing. Musicians play instruments such as flutes, drums, and gongs. They also use the samisen, a three-stringed instrument shaped somewhat like a banjo. Another instrument has two small blocks of wood that are banged on the floor.1.What do Noh and Kabuki share in common?2.Which statement is true about

51、 the Kabuki plays?3.One of the differences between Noh and Kabuki plays is that （ ）.4.Kabuki plays can inform us about（ ）.5.What musical instruments are used in Kabuki plays?問題1選項A.Music is used in both types of drama.B.Women performed both mens and womens parts in the beginning.C.Both mens andwomen

52、s parts were played by males in the earlier period.D.Both A and C.問題2選項A.Costumes are funny, light and rough.B.Stages are 18 feet square.C.A background with a tree painted on it is the only scenery.D.The performers must use all their imaginations.問題3選項A.Noh is slowerB.Noh is simplerC.Noh is more col

53、orfulD.Noh is more exciting問題4選項A.likes and dislikes of the 17th century common peopleB.the tastes of the 17th century Japanese merchantsC.the life style of the ruling classD.the courageous deeds of the soldiers問題5選項A.Flutes, gongs and two blocks of wood.B.Drums and samisens.C.Gongs, drums and woode

54、n hammers.D.A and B.【答案】第1題:D第2題:D第3題:A第4題:B第5題:D【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的三四句“Music is used in both types of drama. Originally, men performed both mens and womens parts in Noh and Kabuki plays.”兩種戲劇都使用音樂。最初，男性在能劇和歌舞伎劇中同時扮演男性和女性角色。選項A和C均正確，所以本題選D。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Kabuki costumes are fancy, bright, and heavy

55、.”可知選項A錯誤；選項B和C都是描述能劇的，所以只有選項D正確。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后三段的內(nèi)容可知，選項C和D是描述歌舞伎劇，首先排除；選項B在文中沒有提及；選項A符合原文，所以正確。4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第三句“Kabuki plays give a clear picture of those merchants tastes and ideas.”歌舞伎劇清楚地展現(xiàn)了這些商人的品味和思想。選項B符合原文。5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后幾句“Musicians play instruments such as flutes, drums, and gongs. They

56、 also use the samisen, a three-stringed instrument shaped somewhat like a banjo. Another instrument has two small blocks of wood that are banged on the floor. ”可知選項A和B都有提及，所以選項D正確。24.單選題She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would （ ）her long effort.問題1選項A.justifyB.estifyC

57、.rectifyD.verify【答案】A【解析】justify 證明是正當?shù)?有理由的，替辯護；testify 作證，證明，證實；rectify 改正，精餾，整流；verify 核實，查證。句意：在確信結(jié)果會證明她的長期努力是值得的之前，她努力工作了。選項A 符合語境。25.單選題The present contract is done in Chinese and English, both texts being equally（ ）.問題1選項A.validB.warrantC.rationD.effect【答案】A【解析】valid正當?shù)模戏ǖ?，有效的；warrant根據(jù)，證明，委

58、任狀；ration定量， 配給量；effect影響，效果，作用。句意：本合同有中英文兩個版本，它們具有同等效力。選項A符合句意。26.單選題It is very strange, but I had an （ ）that the plane would crash.問題1選項A.inspirationB.intuitionC.imaginationD.incentive【答案】B【解析】inspiration靈感，鼓舞；intuition直覺；imagination想象力；incentive動機，刺激。句意：雖然很奇怪，但我有一種飛機會墜毀的直覺。選項B符合句意。27.單選題1.Scienti

59、sts have developed a slimming drug that successfully suppresses appetite and results in a dramatic loss of weight without any apparent ill effects.2.In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season. Now, only 3 percent of families follow the agricultural model, but nearly all school

60、s are scheduled as is our children went home early to milk the cows and took months off to work the crops.3.Humor has been well defined as: “Thinking in fun while feeling in earnest”.4.法律真正的意義，是要把一個自由而有理性的人導(dǎo)向正當?shù)囊饬x上去，而不是對此加以限制的。5.然而，研究人員在報告中提醒說，相對于患更嚴重的疾病的危險來說，這些益處簡直微不足道。問題1選項A.科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)研制出了一種減肥藥，它能有效地抑