新一代信息技術(shù)及其對制造業(yè)發(fā)展的影響概述

1、新一代信息技術(shù)及其對制造業(yè)發(fā)展的影響New Generation of Information Technology and Its Impacts on Manufacturing Industry楊善林Yang Shanlin合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)Hefei University of Technology一、新一一代信息技術(shù)術(shù)發(fā)展的的基本特征BasicCharacteristicsoftheNew GenerationofInformationTechnology二、新一一代信息息技術(shù)對對制造業(yè)業(yè)發(fā)展的影響ImpactsoftheNew GenerationofInformationTechnol

2、ogy on ManufacturingIndustry三、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)時(shí)代的制制造工程程管理科科學(xué)問題題ScientificProblemsofManufacturingEngineeringManagement In theInternetEra提綱綱近年來，“新一一代信息息技術(shù)”這一概概念被提提出并廣廣泛使用用。而新新一代信信息技術(shù)術(shù)并不僅僅僅是芯芯片技術(shù)術(shù)、通信信網(wǎng)絡(luò)技技術(shù)、數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)挖掘掘、人工工智能、虛擬現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實(shí)等單單一信息息技術(shù)自自身的縱縱向升級級，更主主要的是是信息技技術(shù)與產(chǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)的融融合，從從而推動(dòng)動(dòng)的信息息服務(wù)平平臺(tái)和產(chǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)的整整體代際際變遷。Inrecentyears, thecon

3、cept of newgenerationinformationtechnologyhasbeenproposedandwidely used. Andthenew generationofinformationtechnologyisnotjusta vertical upgradeofchiptechnology,communicationnetwork technology, DM,AI,VRandothersingleinformationtechnologyitself. Butmore importantistheintegrationdevelopmentofinformatio

4、ntechnologyandindustries,andthuspromote awholeintergenerationalchange of theinformationservice platform andindustries.信息技術(shù)術(shù)的發(fā)展可可以劃分分為三個(gè)個(gè)階段，第一階階段以上上世紀(jì)80年代開始始廣泛使使用的以以大型機(jī)機(jī)、中型型機(jī)、小小型機(jī)和和啞終端端為標(biāo)志志，這被被認(rèn)為是是第一代代信息技技術(shù)平臺(tái)臺(tái)。而上世紀(jì)80年代代中期到到本世紀(jì)紀(jì)初，隨著個(gè)個(gè)人計(jì)算算機(jī)和通通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)絡(luò)連接的的分散式式服務(wù)器器的普及及，則標(biāo)標(biāo)志著第第二代信信息技術(shù)術(shù)平臺(tái)階階段。Thedevelopmentofin

5、formationtechnology canbedivided intothreestages.Asa symbol,the first stagebeganwith theextensiveusingoflarge, mediumandsmall-sizedmachineanddumbterminalsin1980s, which is consideredasthe first generationofinformationtechnologyplatform.And fromthe mid-80soflastcentury to thebeginningofthiscentury,wi

6、th thepopularity of personal computersanddecentralizedservers connectedviathe network, theinformationtechnology hasentered thesecond-generationplatform.近十年來來，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、云計(jì)算、大數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)、移動(dòng)動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)和社交交網(wǎng)絡(luò)等等新興信信息技術(shù)術(shù)快速發(fā)發(fā)展，形形成了新新一代的的信息技技術(shù)平臺(tái)臺(tái)架構(gòu)。Overthepastdecade, Internet of things,cloudcomputing,bigdata,mobile Internet,so

7、cialnetworkingandotheremerginginformationtechnologieshaveshownarapiddevelopment,forming anewgeneration ofinformationtechnology platform architecture.新一代信息技術(shù)術(shù)發(fā)展的的熱點(diǎn)不僅僅是信息息領(lǐng)域各個(gè)個(gè)分支技技術(shù)的縱向發(fā)展展，而更更重要的的是指信信息技術(shù)術(shù)橫向滲透透融合到到制造、服務(wù)等等其他行業(yè)業(yè)，信息息技術(shù)研研究的主主要方向向?qū)漠a(chǎn)產(chǎn)品技術(shù)術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)向服服務(wù)技術(shù)術(shù)。以信信息化和和工業(yè)化化深度融融合為主主要目標(biāo)標(biāo)的“互互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”是新新一代信信息技術(shù)術(shù)的集

8、中中體現(xiàn)。Thefocusofthe newgeneration of information technologyisnotonly theverticalupgradingofthevariousbranchesofinformationtechnology,butmore importantly thehorizontalintegrationwith manufacturing,serviceandotherindustries.Themain research directionofinformationtechnology willshiftfrom producttechnolo

9、gytoservice technology.TheInternet+aimingatthe integrationofinformatizationandindustrializationistheembodimentofthenewgenerationofinformationtechnology.參考：李國杰杰，新一代代信息技技術(shù)發(fā)展展新趨勢勢，人民民日報(bào)，2015年8月2日?？傮w來說，新新一代信息技術(shù)術(shù)，新在網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)聯(lián)的移動(dòng)動(dòng)化和泛泛在化、信息處處理的集集中化和和大數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)化、信信息服務(wù)務(wù)的智能能化和個(gè)性化。Ingeneral,thenew of thenewgenerationofin

10、formationtechnology referstothemobile andubiquitous networkinteraction, thecentralizedandbig data-basedinformationprocessing,and theintelligentandpersonalized information service.網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)聯(lián)的移動(dòng)動(dòng)化和泛泛在化Mobileand ubiquitousnetworkinteraction近年來，超寬帶帶、低延延時(shí)、高高密度、高可靠靠、高可可信的無無線通信信技術(shù)的的快速發(fā)發(fā)展使得得移動(dòng)互互聯(lián)網(wǎng)快快速普及及，基于于移動(dòng)互互聯(lián)

11、網(wǎng)的的移動(dòng)應(yīng)應(yīng)用服務(wù)務(wù)成為互互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)應(yīng)用的主主要形式式，移動(dòng)動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)用戶規(guī)規(guī)模已超超過桌面面計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)用戶。Inrecentyears, therapiddevelopmentofwirelesscommunicationtechnologies, withultrawideband,low latency, highdensity,highreliabilityandhighcredibility,has promoted therapidpopularizationofmobileInternet.Mobile applicationsandservicesbasedonmobileInt

12、ernethave becomethemain formofInternetbasedapplications.ThescaleofmobileInternetusershave exceededthedesktop computer users.未來隨著計(jì)算算成本的的逐漸降降低和計(jì)計(jì)算能力力的快速速提升以以及基于于軟件的的服務(wù)，泛在的的網(wǎng)絡(luò)服服務(wù)將無無處不在在，成為為實(shí)現(xiàn)更更廣泛的的物與物物、人與與物、人與人人之間交交互連接的重重要載體體。Infuture,withthegradualreductionofcomputationalcostsandtherapidincreaseincomp

13、utingpower,aswellasthesoftwarebasedservices,ubiquitousnetwork services willbeeverywhere.They willbecomeimportantcarrierstoachieve theinteractionofthingsand things,peopleandthings, andpeopleand people.信息處理理的集中中化和大大數(shù)據(jù)化Centralizedandbig data-basedinformationprocessing云計(jì)算技技術(shù)的快快速發(fā)展展，使得得分散的的服務(wù)器器能夠集集中在云云計(jì)算

14、中中心，基基于虛擬擬化技術(shù)術(shù)統(tǒng)一調(diào)調(diào)度存儲(chǔ)儲(chǔ)和計(jì)算算資源，從而提高高信息服務(wù)務(wù)效率，更高效效地滿足足動(dòng)態(tài)變變化的信信息服務(wù)務(wù)需求。With therapiddevelopmentofcloudcomputingtechnology,the distributedserverscanconcentrateincloudcomputingcenter.Thedispatchofstorageandcomputingresourcescanbeaunifiedscheduling based on virtualization technology,thusimprovingtheefficienc

15、yofinformationservice,andbetter satisfyingthedynamic information servicedemands.計(jì)算機(jī)輸入輸出出和存儲(chǔ)儲(chǔ)芯片技技術(shù)的革革命性發(fā)發(fā)展，使使得集中中式信息息處理的的成本不不斷降低低，信息息處理效效率大幅幅提升。電子商商務(wù)、互互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金金融和社社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)絡(luò)的普及及和應(yīng)用用，讓越越來越多多的消費(fèi)費(fèi)者成為為了大數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)的生生產(chǎn)者，數(shù)據(jù)量量呈現(xiàn)爆爆發(fā)式增增長，而而信息技技術(shù)與傳傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)業(yè)的加速速融合又又不斷推推動(dòng)基于于大數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)的產(chǎn)品品和服務(wù)務(wù)創(chuàng)新。With therevolutionary development of comput

16、er input andoutputand memorychip technology, thecost of centralized information processingisreduced,the efficiencyofinformationprocessingisgreatly improved.Withpopularizationandapplicationofelectroniccommerce,InternetFinancialandsocial networks,moreandmoreconsumersarebecomingbigdataproducers. Theamo

17、untofdatashowing explosivegrowth.Theacceleratedintegrationofinformationtechnologiesandtraditionalindustries continuetopromotethebigdatabasedproductandservice innovation.信息服務(wù)務(wù)的智能能化和個(gè)性化Intelligentandpersonalized informationservice新興信息息技術(shù)正正在加速速人工智智能朝著著縱深方方向發(fā)展展，自然然語言理理解、機(jī)機(jī)器感知知、情感感計(jì)算、深度學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)等人人工智能能技術(shù)不不斷應(yīng)用用

18、于人類類生產(chǎn)生生活的諸諸多領(lǐng)域域，推動(dòng)動(dòng)智能機(jī)機(jī)器人、自動(dòng)駕駕駛汽車車和智慧慧城市等等相關(guān)產(chǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)的快快速發(fā)展展，不斷斷提升信信息服務(wù)務(wù)的智能能化和個(gè)個(gè)性化水水平。Theemerginginformationtechnology isacceleratingthe developmentindepthofartificial intelligence.AItechnologies includingnaturallanguageunderstanding,machineperception,affectivecomputingand deeplearninghavebeen appliedtom

19、any areas ofproductionandhumanlife.Itfurtherpromote therapiddevelopmentofintelligentrobots, automaticdrivingcars,smartcityandotherrelatedindustries,thusconstantlyimprovingtheintelligence andpersonalizedlevelofinformationservices.虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)（Virtual Reality,VR）技術(shù)基基于多源源信息融融合和先先進(jìn)的計(jì)計(jì)算機(jī)仿仿真，創(chuàng)創(chuàng)建和體體驗(yàn)虛擬擬世界，將對工工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)

20、、電子子商務(wù)、游戲娛娛樂、醫(yī)醫(yī)療培訓(xùn)訓(xùn)、航空空航天等等諸多領(lǐng)領(lǐng)域帶來來深刻影影響，創(chuàng)創(chuàng)新信息息服務(wù)的的提供方方式。Basedonmulti-sourceinformationfusion andadvancedcomputersimulation,virtualreality(VR) technologycancreateand experiencethe virtualworld.VRwillhavea profound impactontheindustrialdesign, e-commerce, entertainment, medicaltraining, aerospaceando

21、therfields,promotingtheinnovation of information serviceprovision.1.系統(tǒng)技術(shù)術(shù)的縱深深化與融融合化Verticaldeepeningandfusionwithindustriesofsystemtechnology2.功能實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)的泛在在化與集集中化Ubiquityandcentralizationoffunctionalimplementation3.信息處理理的分散散化與云云集化Decentralizationandcloud-centralizationofinformationprocessing4.信息服務(wù)務(wù)的個(gè)性性化

22、與共共性化Individualizationandgeneralizationofinformationservices 在“網(wǎng)前時(shí)代”，由于科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和各類自然資源及人造資源的利用，已經(jīng)形成了相應(yīng)的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)與生產(chǎn)方式、服務(wù)提供與交易方式、經(jīng)濟(jì)組織與發(fā)展方式?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)與大數(shù)據(jù)作為一類新的人造資源加入到經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過程中，必然引起產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的重大變革。 In the era of “pre-Internet”, owing to the development of science and technology and the utilization of various nature and ma

23、n-made resources, relevant products designing and manufacturing patterns, service delivering and dealing ways, and the economic organization and development paradigm have already formed. As a new type of resource, Internet and big data integrating into the economic development processes will definit

24、ely trigger significant revolutions to the development of industries. 對產(chǎn)品構(gòu)造造的影響TheImpact on theproductstructure在產(chǎn)品技技術(shù)方面面，互聯(lián)聯(lián)網(wǎng)與大大數(shù)據(jù)資資源不斷斷融入到到傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品中，成為產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的一一個(gè)關(guān)鍵鍵零部件件，使產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品逐步步成為智智能產(chǎn)品品和互聯(lián)聯(lián)化的智智能終端端。它能能夠提升升產(chǎn)品的的效能價(jià)價(jià)值，拓拓展產(chǎn)品品的應(yīng)用用范圍。融入互聯(lián)聯(lián)網(wǎng)與大大數(shù)據(jù)資資源的制造業(yè)發(fā)展ThedevelopmentofmanufacturingindustryintegratingInternetan

25、dbigdataresourcesWith respecttothe producttechnology,Internetand bigdata resourcesaresteadilyintegratedinto traditional products andbecomethe keypartsofproducts,making theproductsturn intointelligentand connectedterminals. It canpromote theproductsutilityandvalueand alsoextend theapplicationsrangeof

26、the products.智能網(wǎng)聯(lián)汽車的的新技術(shù)術(shù)架構(gòu)對產(chǎn)品全生生命周期期過程的的影響Theimpact on theproductlifecycle在產(chǎn)品研發(fā)發(fā)、生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)、使用用、維護(hù)護(hù)、維修修和再制制造方面面，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)與大數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)資源源深度滲滲透到產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品全生生命周期期過程中中，能夠夠形成眾眾智設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)和智能能制造，能夠提高高產(chǎn)品設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)的創(chuàng)創(chuàng)新能力力和產(chǎn)品品生產(chǎn)及及維護(hù)的的智能化化水平，降低制造過程風(fēng)險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)。With respecttothe R&D,production,usage, maintenance,repairing, andre-manufacturing of products,In

27、ternetandbig dataresources permeatingintotheproductlifecyclecan formthe crowd-intelligencedesigningand intelligent manufacturing, so as to enhancethe innovationabilityonproduct designingandthe intelligencelevelofproductsmanufacturing andmaintenance,and at thesame timelowerthe riskinthe manufacturing

28、process.例如，在汽車車產(chǎn)品全全生命周周期過程程中，互聯(lián)聯(lián)網(wǎng)與大大數(shù)據(jù)提提供了全新的的技術(shù)手手段以及及海量數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)，改變了了人們對對產(chǎn)品全全生命周周期各階階段的關(guān)關(guān)注重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。Forexample,inthe automobileproductlifecycleprocess,Internetand bigdata providenew technologicalmeansand massivedata,thuschangingpeoplesfocuses on eachstages of productlifecycle process.對制造資源源組織方方式的影響Theimpact on

29、 theorganizationmanner of manufacturingresources在制造資資源的組組織方式式方面，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)與大數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)資源源廣泛應(yīng)應(yīng)用于供供應(yīng)商、銷售商商和協(xié)作作商的協(xié)協(xié)同過程程中，能能夠形成成全球化化網(wǎng)絡(luò)制制造，優(yōu)化價(jià)值值鏈和價(jià)價(jià)值網(wǎng)絡(luò)絡(luò)，使之之能夠更更快地發(fā)發(fā)現(xiàn)市場場需求，更好地地在全球球組織制制造資源源，顯著著提高制造造業(yè)的資源利利用效率率。With respecttotheorganization mannerofmanufacturingresources, Internet andbigdataresourcesare widelyapplied in

30、thecollaboration processamongthe suppliers, manufacturers, andcontractors,whichcan formglobal networkmanufacturing,and optimize thevaluechainsand value networks.Thus,themarketing demandscan be recognizedmorequickly,themanufacturingresourcescan be finelyorganizedworldwide,andthe resourcesutilizationc

31、anbesignificantlyenhanced.波音707（Boeing707）2% 90%上個(gè)世紀(jì)紀(jì)50年代，著名的波音707客機(jī)，只只有大約約百分之之二的零零部件是是在國外外生產(chǎn)的的。目前，波波音787客機(jī)工程程量中90%都是由全全球各地地的四十多個(gè)合作伙伴伴共同完完成的。波音787（Boeing787）對制造業(yè)務(wù)務(wù)模式的的影響Theimpact on themanufacturing businessmodel在業(yè)務(wù)模模式創(chuàng)新新方面，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)與大數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)資源源能夠加加速制造造業(yè)服務(wù)務(wù)化進(jìn)程程。有遠(yuǎn)見的制制造商已已經(jīng)將各各類服務(wù)務(wù)納入銷銷售范圍，用用基于產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的服服務(wù)銷售售模式取取代原有

32、有的產(chǎn)品品銷售模模式，使使得產(chǎn)品品與服務(wù)務(wù)之間的的界限越越來越模模糊。With respecttothe business model innovation, Internet andbigdataresourcescanaccelerate themanufacturing industryservitisation process. Far-sighted manufacturershaveincludedvarious services as thesale scope,andreplacetheproductsaleswith servicesales, makingthebounda

33、rybetweenproductsandservicesmoreandmorevague.利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與大數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)資源創(chuàng)造全新新產(chǎn)品服務(wù)一站式服務(wù)遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)預(yù)防式服務(wù)新型服務(wù)來源：波特.哈佛商業(yè)評論, 2015.UsingInternetandbig dataresources to createnewservicesOne-stopserviceRemoteservicePreventive serviceNew-typeservice總之，充充分利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與與大數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)這一新新的戰(zhàn)略略性人造造資源，不不斷提高高產(chǎn)品的的智能化化水平、研發(fā)與與生產(chǎn)過過程的開開放式創(chuàng)創(chuàng)新水平平和基于于產(chǎn)品的的服務(wù)化化水

34、平，并能重重構(gòu)制造造資源組組合，優(yōu)優(yōu)化制造造業(yè)生態(tài)態(tài)系統(tǒng)。Inall, makingfull useofInternetandbig dataresources canconstantly improvethe intelligencelevelofproducts,the openinnovationlevelofR&Dand productionprocess,and theservitization level based on products.Furthermore,itcan reconstruct themanufacturing resourcecombinationandop

35、timizethe ecosystemofmanufacturing industry.綜上所述述，互聯(lián)聯(lián)網(wǎng)與大大數(shù)據(jù)資資源已經(jīng)成為為現(xiàn)代制造造業(yè)創(chuàng)新新不可或缺缺的重要要組成部部分，極極其深刻刻地影響響著制造造業(yè)的發(fā)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略略和經(jīng)營營模式。在激烈烈的國際際競爭中中，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與與大數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)資源正在推動(dòng)動(dòng)著制造造業(yè)的持持續(xù)創(chuàng)新新，高效地滿足日益益多元化的的客戶需需求。Inconclusion,Internetandbig dataresources havebecome asignificantpartofmodernmanufacturingindustryinnovation,anddeeply

36、influencethedevelopmentstrategyand business model of manufacturingindustry. In thefierceinternationalcompetitions, Internet andbigdataresourcesare promotingthecontinuousinnovationofmanufacturing industry andthus effectively satisfyincreasingly diversified customersdemands.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與大數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)技術(shù)等等新興信信息技術(shù)術(shù)的快速速發(fā)展，

37、深刻地影影響著制制造工程程管理過程程，改變變了制造過程中人人與人、人與組組織、人人與資源源等交互方式式。TherapiddevelopmentofInternetandbigdataandotheremerginginformationtechnologies, profoundlyaffects theprocess of manufacturingengineeringmanagement.Itchangestheinteractivemode of peopleandpeople,peopleand organization,aswell as peopleandresources in

38、themanufacturing process.呈現(xiàn)出制造過過程協(xié)同同化、制制造方式式個(gè)性化化、制造造資源全全球化、制造數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)多元元化、制制造產(chǎn)品品服務(wù)化化等特點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，使企業(yè)業(yè)組織形態(tài)態(tài)、運(yùn)營營決策模模式、協(xié)協(xié)同制造造方式和和制造生生產(chǎn)模式式等方面發(fā)生生了重大大變革，從而也也帶來了了很多新新的管理理科學(xué)問問題。Itshowsmany newcharacteristics, includingmanufacturingprocess collaboration,manufacturing methodspersonalization,manufacturing resource globaliz

39、ation, manufacturingdatadiversity,andmanufacturingproductservice-oriented.Thus,itbringsthegreattransformationsofenterpriseorganizationform,operation decision model,collaborative manufacturingmethods andmanufacturing productionmode.Italso bringsmany newmanagement scienceresearchissues.創(chuàng)業(yè)者應(yīng)應(yīng)該充分分利用互互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

40、資資源開展展創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)業(yè)活動(dòng)，在創(chuàng)新新創(chuàng)業(yè)過過程中既既要打破破互聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)僅僅是是一類技技術(shù)系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)或應(yīng)用用平臺(tái)的的思維束束縛，又又要克服服急躁情情緒，下下足功夫夫去融合合線上線線下資源源，開發(fā)新新產(chǎn)品，創(chuàng)新商商業(yè)模式式，推進(jìn)進(jìn)基于互聯(lián)聯(lián)網(wǎng)資源源的創(chuàng)新新創(chuàng)業(yè)活活動(dòng)。Entrepreneursshouldmakefull useofInternetresourcestocarryout innovationactivities.Intheprocessofinnovationandentrepreneurship,theyshouldbesure to think outsidetheboxofIaaT

41、andIaaP.Also,theyshouldovercomeimpatience, makegreateffortstointegrateonline andoffline resources,developnewproduct,and promotebusinessmodelinnovation.企業(yè)應(yīng)該該基于互互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的的資源觀觀重新思思考原有有的生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)經(jīng)營方方式，分分析企業(yè)業(yè)面臨的內(nèi)部條件和競爭環(huán)境境，結(jié)合合自身的的優(yōu)勢，加快基基于互聯(lián)聯(lián)網(wǎng)資源源的技術(shù)術(shù)創(chuàng)新、商業(yè)模模式創(chuàng)新新和服務(wù)務(wù)體系創(chuàng)創(chuàng)新，不不斷優(yōu)化化基于互互聯(lián)網(wǎng)資資源的企企業(yè)發(fā)展展戰(zhàn)略。Enterprisesshouldrethi

42、nktheoriginalproductionandmanagementmode based on Internet resourceview.Technologicalinnovation,businessmodelinnovation andservice systeminnovation of enterprises basedontheInternetresourcesshould be accelerated,byanalyzingtheinternalcondition andthecompetitionenvironment,and combiningwith itsadvant

43、ages.Thus,thedevelopmentstrategies of enterprises based on Internetresourcecanbeconstantlyoptimized.政府應(yīng)該該基于互互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的的資源觀觀，充分分認(rèn)識(shí)互互聯(lián)網(wǎng)資資源對經(jīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)會(huì)發(fā)展影影響的基基本規(guī)律律，制定定更加精精準(zhǔn)的公公共政策策，促進(jìn)進(jìn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)資源與與經(jīng)濟(jì)社社會(huì)的融融合發(fā)展展，實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)發(fā)展的轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)型升級級。BasedontheInternetresourceview,governmentshouldfullyunderstandthebasiclawoftheimpactofInternet

44、resourceontheeconomicandsocialdevelopment.Theintegrated development of Internet resource andeconomy &societycanbepromoted, by formulating moreaccuratepublic policies,thus realizingthetransformationandupgrading of economyand society.例如：1.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代制造造生態(tài)系系統(tǒng)的演演變與重重構(gòu)理論(Evolutionandreconstructiontheoryofmanuf

45、acturingecosysteminthe eraofInternet)2.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代制造造過程的的價(jià)值創(chuàng)創(chuàng)造與服服務(wù)化理論(Valuecreationand servicetheory of manufacturingprocessintheera ofInternet)3.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代制造造單元的的自組織織與集成成理論(Self-organizationand integration theoryofmanufacturing units in theeraofInternet)4.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代制造造過程的的智能運(yùn)運(yùn)作管理理論論(Intelligentoperationalmanagemen

46、ttheoryofmanufacturingprocess in theeraofInternet)5.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代制造造信息系系統(tǒng)開放放結(jié)構(gòu)與與智能決策理論論(Openstructureofmanufacturinginformationsystemand intelligent decision theoryintheera of Internet)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)時(shí)代制造造生態(tài)系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)的演變與與重構(gòu)理論論科學(xué)問題1互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與大數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)環(huán)境下下，產(chǎn)品形態(tài)向數(shù)數(shù)字化和和服務(wù)化化延伸，產(chǎn)品與與服務(wù)的的要素不不斷拓展展，制造造資源的的組織方方式不斷斷演化。IntheenvironmentofInternetan

47、dbigdata,productshave graduallybecomedigitalandservice-oriented.The factorsofproductsand servicehavebeencontinuouslyextendedand theorganizationalmode of manufacturingresources hasconstantly evolved.Scientific problem1:Evolutionand reconstruction theoryofmanufacturingecosystemintheera of Internet改變了企

48、業(yè)與與企業(yè)、企業(yè)與與用戶、用戶與與用戶間間的交互方式式，從而而擴(kuò)展了傳統(tǒng)制造造業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)邊界界，形成成了基于于價(jià)值網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的新型制造造生態(tài)系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)，并與與其所在在的經(jīng)濟(jì)濟(jì)生態(tài)、社會(huì)生生態(tài)和自自然生態(tài)態(tài)構(gòu)成了了多層次次生態(tài)系系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)。Theseresultinthe changeofinteractionmannerbetweenenterprises,enterprise andcustomer,and customers,and furtherextendedtheindustrialboundaryoftraditionalmanufacturingindustry.Inthis situat

49、ion,the value networkbasednewmanufacturing ecosystemisformed,andthemulti-hierarchicalecosystemstructureisconstructedcombinedwith theeconomic,social,andnaturalecology.分析制造造系統(tǒng)的新新型生態(tài)態(tài)要素及及其行為模式式，建立層次次化制造造生態(tài)系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)，并并揭示制制造系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)與演演化機(jī)制制，在此基基礎(chǔ)上重重構(gòu)制造造生態(tài)系系統(tǒng)與企業(yè)價(jià)值值理論，從而在在系統(tǒng)層面為互互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與與大數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)環(huán)境下制造工程管理理提供基基礎(chǔ)理論論支撐。Itisne

50、cessarytoanalyzethenew ecologicalfactors andbehaviorpatterns,toestablishamulti-levelecosystemstructure,andtorevealthesystem structureandevolution mechanismofthemanufacturingsystem. Then, themanufacturing ecosystemandenterprise value theoryarerestructured,whichprovidesthetheoreticalfoundationsupport

51、inthesystemlevel.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)時(shí)代制造造過程的價(jià)價(jià)值創(chuàng)造與服務(wù)化理理論科學(xué)問題2互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和和大數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)技術(shù)不不僅加速速了制造造企業(yè)由由傳統(tǒng)的的產(chǎn)品化化思維向向服務(wù)化化思維的的轉(zhuǎn)變，而且把把制造服服務(wù)化的的內(nèi)涵進(jìn)進(jìn)一步深深入，推推動(dòng)了制制造模式式和商業(yè)業(yè)模式創(chuàng)創(chuàng)新。Internetandbigdata haveacceleratedthe movement of traditional productthoughttoservice-oriented thoughtinthemanufacturing enterprises,deepenedtheconnotationofservice

52、-orientedmanufacturing,andpromptedthe innovationofmanufacturingandbusinessmodes.Scientific problem2: Value creation andservice theoryofmanufacturing processintheera of Internet制造企業(yè)利用用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)和大數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)術(shù)打通線線上數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)分析和和線下智智能生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)過程，利用社社會(huì)化制制造資源源和智慧慧資源，聚合客客戶需求求、擴(kuò)展展創(chuàng)新要素素，提高資源源利用效效率，并并以制造服服務(wù)的形形式參與與全球化制制造過程程，從而而實(shí)現(xiàn)企企業(yè)價(jià)

53、值值創(chuàng)造。ManufacturingenterprisesuseInternetandbigdata to integrateonlinedataanalysisandofflineintelligentproduction process, socialmanufacturing andwisdomresources to aggregatecustomerrequirementsand expandinnovation sourcessoastoimprovetheutilizationofresources.Also theenterprisesdependontheirpreponde

54、rant resourcestoglobalmanufacturingprocess to implementtheirvaluecreation.研究互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與與大數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)環(huán)境下制造服務(wù)資源源管理方法和服服務(wù)資源間的的制造服服務(wù)價(jià)值值網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)協(xié)同機(jī)制制，在此此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步步研究制制造服務(wù)模式式設(shè)計(jì)與與評價(jià)方方法的關(guān)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)術(shù)問題，豐富和擴(kuò)展制造造服務(wù)化理論。Itisnecessarytostudythemanufacturing serviceresourcesmanagementmethodsofintheInternetand bigdata environment,andthe manufa

55、cturingservice value networkcoordinationmechanisms among serviceresources.Then thekeytechnicalproblemsofservicemodeldesignand evaluationmethods canbefurther studied, which canenrichthemanufacturingservicizationtheory.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)時(shí)代制造造單元的自組織與與集成理論論科學(xué)問題3互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與大數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)環(huán)境下的制造往往涉及及跨部門門、跨行行業(yè)、跨跨地區(qū)的的多個(gè)參參與主體體，需要要構(gòu)建全全球化制制造

56、網(wǎng)絡(luò)絡(luò)，實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)異地設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)和制制造資源源的協(xié)同同。IntheenvironmentofInternetandbigdata,manufacturingisgenerallyassociatedwith multiple participantsacrossdepartments, industries, andregions,andneedsthe constructionofglobalmanufacturingnetwork to carry outdistributeddesignand thecollaboration of manufacturingresources.Scientif

57、ic problem3:Self-organizationandintegrationtheory of manufacturingunitsintheera of Internet制造單元以虛虛擬化的的方式實(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)全球球制造資資源的廣廣泛互聯(lián)聯(lián)，形成成一個(gè)信信息系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)與物理理系統(tǒng)交交織、內(nèi)內(nèi)外部制制造功能能單元融融合的立立體化可可重組網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。制造企業(yè)通過過集成不不同企業(yè)業(yè)的多種種層次的的制造功功能單元元完成制制造任務(wù)務(wù)，從而而保證全全球制造造資源的的靈活組組織。Manufacturingunitsarevirtualizedtomakeglobalmanufacturingresourcesi

58、nterconnectedtoforma stereoscopicandreconstructednetwork in which information systemisintegrated withphysicalsystem andinternalandexternalfunctionalunitsofmanufacturing areaggregated.Manufacturing enterpriseshaveperformedmanufacturingtasksbytheintegrationofmulti-hierarchical functionalunitsofmanufac

59、turingsoastoguaranteethe flexible organizationofglobalmanufacturingresources.分析互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與與大數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)環(huán)境下制造單元的自自組織行行為特征征，研究制制造單元的網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)自組組織方式式和跨層層次集成成方式，建立制造造單元的基基本組織織和協(xié)同同方式，形成互互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與與大數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)環(huán)境下制造單元的自自組織與與集成方法法，從而創(chuàng)新新和發(fā)展制造造組織理論論。Itisnecessarytoanalyzetheself-organizingbehaviorcharacteristics, to study thenetworkself organ

60、izationandcross-levelintegrationmethods,andtoestablish thebasicorganizationandcooperativemodesofmanufacturing units.Thus,theselforganizationand integration theoryofmanufacturing units canbeformed, which is theinnovationandthe developmentofthemanufacturingorganizationtheories.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)時(shí)代制造造過程的智能運(yùn)運(yùn)作管理理理論科學(xué)