學術綜合英語Unit課件

1、mainUnit 3Traffic2012mainUnit 32012Part A Section A Pre-listening-Background InformationPace Car In motorsport, a pace car or safety car is a car which limits the speed of competing cars on a racetrack in the case of a caution period such as an obstruction on the track. During a caution period the p

2、ace car enters the track ahead of the leader. With fewexceptions, competitors are not allowed to pass the pace car or other competitors during a caution period, and the pace car leads the field at a pre-determined safe speed, Pre-listeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BLi

3、steningLISTENINGPart A Section A Pre-listeninSection A Pre-listening-Background Informationwhich may vary by series and circuit. At the end of the caution period, the pace car leaves the track and the competitors may resume racing.Pre-listeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APar

4、t BListeningLISTENINGSection A Pre-listening-BackgrSection A Pre-listening-Background InformationPre-listeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BListeningDriving Simulator Driving Simulators are used for entertainment as well as in training of drivers education courses taught

5、 in educational institutions and private businesses. They are also used for research purposes in the area of human factors and medical research, to monitordrivers behavior, performance, and attention and in the car industry to design and evaluate new vehicles or new advanced driver assistance system

6、s.LISTENINGSection A Pre-listening-BackgrSection A toll bridgesmotorsport: a collection of sports which primarily involve the use of motorized vehicles, such as motorcycle racing, truck racing and motorboat racing.Part APart BLISTENINGSection A toll bridgesmotorspoSection A fuel taxadvanced driver a

7、ssistance system: a system to help the driver in its driving process. When designed with a safe Human-Machine Interface, it should increase car safety and more generally road safety.Part APart BLISTENINGSection A fuel taxadvanced driSection A. New Words and ExpressionsPre-listeningNew Words and Expr

8、essionsBackground InformationPart APart BListeningpace car prescribed course driving simulator inebriated rear-endingpick up speed the overall flow of traffic driver performancehands-free model領駛車規(guī)定車道駕駛模擬器喝醉的追尾加速整個車流量駕駛員行為免提式LISTENINGSection A. New Words and ExpreSection A Listen Task 1Pre-listening

9、Task 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BListeningA news reporter is going to give a report on a research study on driving while talking on a cell phone.LISTENINGSection A Listen Task 1Pre-lisSection A Listen Task 1Listen to the report and try to get its main ideas by taking

10、notes. Fill in the blanks according to your notes.Pre-listeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BListening1. What is this news report about?2. Why is driving while talking on a cell phone worse than driving while drunk?This news report is about driving while talking on

11、 a cell phone._ _Because the research finds that those talking on a phone are more sluggish and slower in reacting._ _LISTENINGSection A Listen Task 1Listen Section A Listen Task 1Pre-listeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BListening3. Who holds that driving while t

12、alking on a cell phone is worse than driving while drunk?4. When was this statement made?The researchers at the University of Utah, USA._In the summer of 2006._LISTENINGSection A Listen Task 1Pre-lisSection A Listen Task 1Pre-listeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart B

13、Listening5. How was the conclusion obtained that driving while talking on a cell phone is worse than driving while drunk?Using a driving simulator, the researchers compared 40 peoples driving abilities in three groups: on the phone, drunk, and with no distractions._LISTENINGSection A Listen Task 1Pr

14、e-lisTask 2.1Listen to the report again and try to answer the following questions.Pre-listeningListeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart B1. How dangerous is driving while talking on the cell phone according to the report?It will increase the likelihood of an accident

15、five-fold.2. In what way is driving while talking on the phone different from driving while drunk?Drunk drivers are aggressive, while those talking on the phone are more sluggish.LISTENINGTask 2.1Listen to the report aTask 2.2Pre-listeningListeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for Detail

16、sPart APart B3. How much will driving while talking on the phone affect the driver?4. What is the governmental response to driving while on the cell phone?It will reduce the drivers reaction time by 9 percent in braking and 19 percent in picking up speed after braking.Some states have made laws to p

17、rohibit the use of cell phones while driving.LISTENINGTask 2.2Pre-listeningListeningTask 2.2Pre-listeningListeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart B5. Is the governmental legislation effective and why?It is not effective because the drivers will use the hands-free mode

18、l, which is also dangerous.LISTENINGTask 2.2Pre-listeningListeningScriptPart APart BDriving While on a Cell Phone Worse Than Driving While Drunk21:44:27 EDT June 29, 2006 Thursday, June 29 Maneuvering through traffic while talking on the phone increases the likelihood of an accident five-fold and is

19、 actually more dangerous than driving drunk, U.S. researchers report. That finding held true whether the driver was holding a cell phone or using a hands-free device, the researchers noted.LISTENINGScriptPart PartDriving WhilScriptPart APart B “As a society, we have agreed on not tolerating the risk

20、 associated with drunk driving,” said researcher Frank Drews, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Utah. “This study shows us that somebody who is conversing on a cell phone is exposing him or herself and others to a similar risk cell phones actually are a higher risk,” he said.

21、 His teams report appears in the summer issue of the journal Human Factors. In the study, 40 people followed a pace car along a prescribed course, using a driving simulator. Some people drove while talking on a cell phone, othersLISTENINGScriptPart Part “As aScriptPart APart Bnavigated while drunk (

22、meaning their blood-alcohol limit matched the legal limit of 0.08 percent), and others drove with no such distractions or impairments. “We found an increased accident rate when people were conversing on the cell phone,” Drews said. Drivers on cell phones were 5.36 times more likely to get in an acci

23、dent than non-distracted drivers, the researchers found. The phone users fared even worse than the inebriated, the Utah team found. There were three accidents among those talking on cell phones all of them involving a rear-ending of the pace car. InLISTENINGScriptPart Partnavigated whScriptPart APar

24、t Bcontrast, there were no accidents recorded among participants who were drunk, or the sober, cell-phone-free group. The bottom line: Cell-phone use was linked to “a significant increase in the accident rate,” Drews said. He said there was a difference between the behaviors of drunk drivers and tho

25、se who were talking on the phone. Drunk drivers tended to be aggressive, while those talking on the phone were more sluggish, Drews said. In addition, the researchers found talking on theLISTENINGScriptPart Partcontrast, thcell phone reduce reaction time by 9 percent in terms of braking and 19 perce

26、nt in terms of picking up speed after braking. “This is significant, because it has an impact on traffic as a system,” Drews said. “If we have drivers who are taking a lot of time in accelerating once having slowed down, the overall flow of traffic is dramatically reduced,” he said. In response to s

27、afety concerns, some states have outlawed the use of hand-held cell phones while driving. But that type of legislation may not be effective, because the Utah researchers found no difference in driver performance whether the driver was holding the phone or talking on a hands-free model.ScriptPart APa

28、rt BLISTENINGcell phone reduce reaction timScriptPart APart BDriving While on a Cell Phone Worse Than Driving While Drunk21:44:27 EDT June 29, 2006 Thursday, June 29 Maneuvering through traffic while talking on the phone increases the likelihood of an accident five-fold and is actually more dangerou

29、s than driving drunk, U.S. researchers report. That finding held true whether the driver was holding a cell phone or using a hands-free device, the researchers noted.LISTENINGScriptPart PartDriving WhilScriptPart APart B “As a society, we have agreed on not tolerating the risk associated with drunk

30、driving,” said researcher Frank Drews, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Utah. “This study shows us that somebody who is conversing on a cell phone is exposing him or herself and others to a similar risk cell phones actually are a higher risk,” he said. His teams report appea

31、rs in the summer issue of the journal Human Factors. In the study, 40 people followed a pace car along a prescribed course, using a driving simulator. Some people drove while talking on a cell phone, othersLISTENINGScriptPart Part “As aScriptPart APart Bnavigated while drunk (meaning their blood-alc

32、ohol limit matched the legal limit of 0.08 percent), and others drove with no such distractions or impairments. “We found an increased accident rate when people were conversing on the cell phone,” Drews said. Drivers on cell phones were 5.36 times more likely to get in an accident than non-distracte

33、d drivers, the researchers found. The phone users fared even worse than the inebriated, the Utah team found. There were three accidents among those talking on cell phones all of them involving a rear-ending of the pace car. InLISTENINGScriptPart Partnavigated whScriptPart APart Bcontrast, there were

34、 no accidents recorded among participants who were drunk, or the sober, cell-phone-free group. The bottom line: Cell-phone use was linked to “a significant increase in the accident rate,” Drews said. He said there was a difference between the behaviors of drunk drivers and those who were talking on

35、the phone. Drunk drivers tended to be aggressive, while those talking on the phone were more sluggish, Drews said. In addition, the researchers found talking on theLISTENINGScriptPart Partcontrast, thcell phone reduce reaction time by 9 percent in terms of braking and 19 percent in terms of picking

36、up speed after braking. “This is significant, because it has an impact on traffic as a system,” Drews said. “If we have drivers who are taking a lot of time in accelerating once having slowed down, the overall flow of traffic is dramatically reduced,” he said. In response to safety concerns, some st

37、ates have outlawed the use of hand-held cell phones while driving. But that type of legislation may not be effective, because the Utah researchers found no difference in driver performance whether the driver was holding the phone or talking on a hands-free model.ScriptPart APart BLISTENINGcell phone

38、 reduce reaction timSection B Background InformationPre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BNias Island Nias Island lies about 125 km of west Sumatra Island on the Indian Ocean. It is part of North Sumatra Province. The water surrounding the island is great f

39、or sea activities, such as surfing and scuba diving. Surfers will call this island “Paradise on Earth”, for its bay challenges surfers with spectacular waves. In high seasons, the waves are told to be as high as 3.5 meters.Nias ceremonial stone jumpNias war danceLISTENINGSection B Background Informa

40、tiL-B-P.2Pre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BSimeulue Regency Simeulue Regency is a regency in the Aceh province of Indonesia. It occupies a whole island of Simeulue, 150 km of the west coast off Sumatra. Its people are similar to the people in the neighb

41、oring Nias Island, with a language that differs from mainland Aceh. Most of people of Simeulue are Muslim.LISTENINGL-B-P.2Pre-listeningListeningNL-B-P.3Pre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BRed Crescent Red Crescent is a branch of the Red Cross that operate

42、s in Muslim countries. The Red Crescent emblem was first used by ICRC volunteers during the armed conflict between the Ottoman Empire and Russia (18771878). The symbol was officially adopted in 1929, and so far (as of 2009) 33 Islamic states have recognized it.LISTENINGL-B-P.3Pre-listeningListeningN

43、L-B-P. New Words and ExpressionsPre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BtsunamidevastateNias IslandThe Associated Press ablazestaffthe U.N. emergencyrelief coordinator海嘯使荒蕪尼亞斯島美國聯(lián)合通訊社（美聯(lián)社）著火擔任的職員聯(lián)合國緊急救援事務協(xié)調(diào)員LISTENINGL-B-P. New Words and ExpressioL-B-P. New Wo

44、rds and ExpressionsPre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart Btemblorepicentercourse of actionin the wake ofSimeulue IslandRed Crescentevacuatethe Pacific Tsunami Warning Center地震震中行動計劃在之后錫默盧島紅新月會撤離太平洋海嘯預警中心 LISTENINGL-B-P. New Words and ExpressioTask 1A news re

45、porter is going to report a disaster in Indonesia.Pre-listeningListeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BLISTENINGTask 1A news reporter is goingTask 1Listen to the news and try to get its main ideas by taking notes. Fill in the blanks according to your notes.Pre-liste

46、ningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsLate Monday._1. When did the quake in this news report happen?Near Nias Island, off the west coast of Indonesia._2. Where was the quake?At least 300 people died and hundreds were injured._3. How many people died or were in

47、jured in the earthquake?LISTENINGTask 1Listen to the news and tTask 1Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for Details4. How big was the quake?Between 8.5 and 8.7._The aid officials._5. Who met to plan a course of action?LISTENINGTask 1Pre-listeningListeningPaTa

48、sk 2Listen to the news again and try to answer the following questions.Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for Details1. What did people do to keep safe during the quake?People ran to hilltops for safety.2. Were there any tsunamis after the earthquake?No tsuna

49、mis happened after the earthquake.3. In which area were people urged to leave home for safety?Residents within 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) of the epicenter were asked to evacuate coastal regions.LISTENINGTask 2Listen to the news againTask 2Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take No

50、tesTask 2 Listen for Details4. Which countries issued tsunami warnings when the quake struck?India, Malaysia and Thailand.5. Which countries were affected by the quake?It was felt in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and as far north as Bangkok, Thailand.LISTENINGTask 2Pre-listeningListeningPaL-B-L.1 S

51、criptQuake Kills at Least 300 on Indonesian IslandVice President Says up to 2,000 Could Be Dead (CNN) A major earthquake struck off the west coast of Indonesia late Monday killing hundreds; but fears of another tsunami like those that devastated the region in late December have faded. On Indonesias

52、Nias Island at least 300 people died and hundreds more were reported injured or trapped, said government spokesman Agus Mendrova. But international news agencies are reporting that between 1,000 and 2,000 people may have been killed on Nias Island.Part APart BLISTENINGL-B-L.1 ScriptQuake Kills at LL

53、-B-L.1 Script “It is predicted and its still a rough estimate that the number of the victims of dead may be between 1,000 and 2,000,” Vice President Jusuf Kalla told the el-Shinta radio station, according to The Associated Press. Between 500 and 1,000 homes were destroyed, and the islands public mar

54、ket was ablaze, Mendrova said. Between 10,000 and 15,000 people ran to hilltops for safety in case of a tsunami, Mendrova said. Many of the doctors and nurses who normally would staff the hospital fled to higher ground.LISTENINGL-B-L.1 Script “It is prL-B-L.1 Script “We have not heard of any tsunami

55、 hitting anywhere,” Jan Egeland, the U.N. emergency relief coordinator, told CNN from New York nearly six hours after the temblor struck. Still, Egeland said, the earthquake itself was responsible for casualties on islands close to the epicenter. Dozens of aid officials met overnight in Sumatra to p

56、lan a course of action after daylight breaks in the region, Egeland said.LISTENINGL-B-L.1 Script “We have There was a report of heavy damage on Simeulue Island in Indonesia, said Bernd Schell, head of tsunami operations for the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Speaki

57、ng from southern Aceh, Schell said “heavy, heavy shaking” lasted about three minutes. Based on the size of the earthquake, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration initially urged residents within 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) of the epicenter to evacuate coastal regions. But no tsunamis w

58、ere reported along Indonesias island coasts, while India, Malaysia and Thailand canceled tsunami warnings early Tuesday.L-B-L.1 ScriptLISTENING There was a report of hL-B-L.1 Script The quakes magnitude was variously reported by monitoring agencies as 8.7 and 8.5. The U.S. Geological Survey reported

59、 the former after initially putting the magnitude at 8.2; the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center reported the latter. The main jolt was located near the coast of northern Sumatra, about 200 kilometers (125 miles) west northwest of Sibolga, and about 1,400 kilometers (880 miles) northwest of Jakarta, Ind

60、onesias capital. The U.S. Geological Survey said the quake was 30 kilometers (20 miles) deep.LISTENINGL-B-L.1 Script The quakeL-B-L.1 Script The quake struck at 11:09 p.m. (04:09 p.m. GMT, 11:09 a.m. ET). It was felt in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and as far north as Bangkok, Thailand.LISTENINGL-