大學(xué)英語四級2017-新題型-段落翻譯-解題方法Az課件

1、2013年12月新題型大學(xué)英語四級考試 翻譯題型新翻譯題型:段落翻譯（漢譯英）測試學(xué)生把漢語所承載的信息用英語表達(dá)出來的能力。 分值比例：15% 考試時間：30分鐘。 內(nèi)容：中國歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟、社會發(fā)展 長度：140-160個漢字；語段翻譯弱化了語法，強調(diào)了詞匯的積累樣卷PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Youshouldwriteyour answeronAnswerSheet2.樣題 剪紙（pa

2、percutting）是中國最為流行的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)形式之一。中國剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史，在明朝和清朝時期（theMingandQingDynasties）特別流行。人們常用剪紙美化居家環(huán)境。特別是在春節(jié)和婚慶期間，剪紙被用來裝飾門窗和房間，以增加喜慶的氣氛。剪紙最常用的顏色是紅色，象征健康和興旺。中國剪紙在世界各地很受歡迎，經(jīng)常被用作饋贈外國友人的禮物。 答案 Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1

3、,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosp

4、here. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.漢譯英解題方法1. 閱讀原文，理解原文，獲得總體印象。2. 處理原文句子，正確斷句，合句，找準(zhǔn)主語。理解原文中的語言現(xiàn)象和邏輯關(guān)系，注意漢英兩種語言的不同表達(dá)習(xí)慣，綜合翻譯技巧進(jìn)

5、行翻譯。整理翻譯出來的每個元素，調(diào)整句式3.修改，對譯文修正、加工、潤飾。第一步：對照原文一句一句修改，看原文內(nèi)容、思想是否準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)出來；有無漏譯、錯譯、曲解的地方；譯文語言是否通順。 第二步：脫離原文， 反復(fù)閱讀后進(jìn)行修改。看上下文有無不連接的地方，前后有無矛盾、重復(fù)的地方，有無邏輯不通的地方。漢語 VS 英語 不同表達(dá)習(xí)慣一、英語重結(jié)構(gòu)，漢語重語義 二、英語多長句，漢語多短句 三、英語多從句，漢語多分句 四、主語，賓語等名詞成分“英語多代詞，漢語多名詞” 五、英語多被動，漢語多主動 六、英語多變化，漢語多重復(fù) 七、英語多抽象，漢語多具體 八、英語多引申，漢語多推理 1. 正確判斷句子之間的

6、關(guān)系，補充連接手段，實現(xiàn)顯性連接。e.g. 在這一年半中，她抄寫、背寫英語單詞的紙，累起來可達(dá)桌子高。思路：SVO=紙+達(dá)到+桌子高。問題：累起來怎么處理？In that year and a half, the paper on which she had copied English words or written them down from memory, if stacked up, could reach the table from the floor. 結(jié)構(gòu)差異帶來的啟示2. 掌握內(nèi)在聯(lián)系正確斷句我們的班主任姓王，五十開外，方臉，一臉的胡子。Mr. Wang, the hea

7、d teacher responsible for our class, was over fifty. He had a square-shaped face with a full beard. 結(jié)構(gòu)差異帶來的啟示3. 正確安排句子基本框架，主次清楚，符合原意。原文：大家都記得1979年秋天，當(dāng)這個總共只念過八年書、連英文字母也認(rèn)不全，而且已有三個孩子的女工，竟然報名上電大英語班時，招來了多少驚訝的目光。They remember how many astonished looks were cast at her in the autumn of 1979, when this woma

8、n worker with only 8 years schooling, little acquaintance with the English alphabet and three children to look after, actually enrolled in the English class offered by the local TV university. 結(jié)構(gòu)差異帶來的啟示一、翻譯的基本方法：直譯意譯直譯：保持原文內(nèi)容、又保持原文形式，基本保留原有句子結(jié)構(gòu)，不是死譯。意譯：只保持原文內(nèi)容、不保持原文形式，更多考慮英語的特點。如： 我們的朋友遍天下。Our frien

9、ds are all over the world. (直譯)We have friends all over the world.（意譯）直譯與意譯相互關(guān)聯(lián)，互為補充，兩種譯法可以并用二、 漢譯英的基本技巧1. 增詞為了充分傳達(dá)原文含義，必須增補詞語，以求達(dá)意.北京是中國的政治、文化中心。這里你可以游覽萬里長城、故宮、頤和園等。 Beijing is a political and cultural center that offers some scenic attractions: the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace

10、 etc. 2. 減詞:漢語喜歡重復(fù)，英語崇尚簡潔。漢語的重復(fù)作為一種修辭手段有兩種作用。一是為了強調(diào)，重復(fù)表達(dá)一個意思，或增添修飾語，加強語氣。二是為了便于詞語搭配，或平衡節(jié)奏，增加可讀性。這些在漢語里習(xí)以為常的重復(fù)詞語或句式，到了英語里要么不合邏輯，要么累贅冗長。所以翻譯時都要有所刪減省略。這是革命的春天，這是人民的春天，這是科學(xué)的春天！讓我們張開雙臂，熱烈擁抱這個春天吧！Let us stretch out our arms to embrace the spring, which is one of the revolution, of the people, and of scien

11、ce.見到自己的故鄉(xiāng)，他想起了童年的情景。The sight of his native place called back his childhood. 他連續(xù)講了兩小時的法語，沒有出現(xiàn)任何錯誤。He has been speaking in French for two hours without any mistakes. 長嗟短嘆 sighing deeply 發(fā)號施令 issue orders 土崩瓦解 fall apart 兩面三刀 two-faced tacticsPractice Please.情景沒有出現(xiàn)省名詞(省動詞)3. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換詞類變形和轉(zhuǎn)換，是英語語言的一個很重要的特

12、點，尤其是名詞、動詞、形容詞這三種最主要的詞類。eg. 他的演講給我們的印象很深。His speech impressed us deeply.(名詞變動詞)eg. 你說他傻不傻？Dont you think he is an idiot? (形容詞變名詞)4. 語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換在英漢兩種語言當(dāng)中都有主動和被動兩種語態(tài)。在英語中被動語態(tài)的使用頻率要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于漢語。如果一味按照漢語原句的語態(tài)來翻譯，會使譯文顯得十分別扭。這個小男孩在放學(xué)回家的路上受了傷 。The little boy was hurt on his way home from school.門鎖好了。The door has been l

13、ocked up.新教材在印刷中。New textbooks are being printed.5. 分譯 & 合譯(按內(nèi)容層次分譯)分譯： 需要分譯的句子多數(shù)是長句，或者是結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的復(fù)句。這種句子如果譯成一個長句，就會使譯文冗長、累贅、意思表達(dá)不清楚，也不符合英文習(xí)慣。如果采用分譯，則會使譯文簡潔、易懂、層次分明。少年是一去不復(fù)返的，等到精力衰竭時，要做學(xué)問也來不及了。Youth will soon be gone， never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your de

14、clining years.她隔窗望去，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)有只小船停泊在河邊，船里有位船夫睡得正香。Looking through the window, she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it there was a boatman fast asleep.(按內(nèi)容層次分譯)(從主語變換處分譯)合譯：相較于漢語而言，英語長句多，因此在翻譯中，要把漢語的兩個或多個句子合譯為英語的一句，使譯文緊湊、簡練。對我來說，我的水族箱就像我自己的一個小王國。我就是里面的國王。To me my aquarium is like my own litt

15、le kingdom where I am king.第二天，我又接到一個電報。這個電報有34個字，比前一個電報說得更詳細(xì)。The following day I received another telegram consisting of 34 ciphers, giving more details.從主語變換處合譯按內(nèi)容連貫合譯7.變序 從譯文的行文上考慮，有時需要對原文的詞序作一番調(diào)整，以適應(yīng)英文的修辭習(xí)慣，或者為了避免因結(jié)構(gòu)而產(chǎn)生的歧義。例：到西安你可以買兵馬俑、唐三彩。Unique local creations are available in Xian, such as th

16、e three colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty and terra-cotta figures.(“兵馬俑”和“唐三彩”在譯文中變換了位置，是為了避免”of the Tang Dynasty”在結(jié)構(gòu)上產(chǎn)生歧義。)key 1China will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world, which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since Chinas

17、reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored great achievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises with their growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese governme

18、nt will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.練習(xí) 2獅舞（Lion Dance）是中國最廣為流傳的民間舞蹈之一。獅為百獸之首，在中國傳統(tǒng)中，獅子被視為是能帶來好運的吉祥物（mascot）。古人將獅子視作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驅(qū)趕邪惡、保護(hù)人類。據(jù)記載，獅舞已擁有了2,000多年的歷史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），獅舞就已經(jīng)被引入了皇室。因此，舞獅成為元宵

19、節(jié)（the Lantern Festival）和其他節(jié)日的習(xí)俗，人們以此來祈禱好運、平安和幸福。Key 2The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China. The lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck. Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and st

20、rength, which could drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occas

21、ions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.練習(xí) 3假日經(jīng)濟的現(xiàn)象表明：中國消費者的消費觀正在發(fā)生巨大變化。根據(jù)統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，中國消費者的消費需求正在從基本生活必需品轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)π蓍e、舒適和個人發(fā)展的需求。同時，中國人的消費觀在蓬勃發(fā)展的假日經(jīng)濟中正變得成熟。因此產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)做相應(yīng)調(diào)整，來適應(yīng)社會的發(fā)展。另一方面，服務(wù)質(zhì)量要改善，以滿足人們提高生活質(zhì)量的要求。Key 3The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese peoples

22、consumption concept is undertaking great changes. According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development. Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development

23、. On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy peoples demand for an improved quality of life.練習(xí) 4端午節(jié)，又叫龍舟節(jié)，是為了紀(jì)念愛國詩人屈原。屈原是一位忠誠和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他給國家?guī)砹撕推胶头睒s。但最后因為受到誹謗（vilify）而最終投河自盡。人們撐船到他自盡的地方，拋下粽子，希望魚兒吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身軀。幾千年來，端午節(jié)的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和賽龍舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。Key 4The Du

24、anwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified. People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuans body. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.練