跨文化閱讀課文翻譯終極版

1、語(yǔ) 翻 譯 復(fù) 習(xí)Unit 1Settling down at college around the world適應(yīng)校園生活一一來(lái)自世界各地的訪(fǎng)談Tanya Zarutskaya Moscow, Russia塔尼婭扎茹茨卡婭莫斯科，俄羅斯This time last year I was nervous about my new life.去年的這個(gè)時(shí)候，我對(duì)新生活感到很緊張。I didnt have any friends, and it was my first time away from home. 我沒(méi)有朋友，也是第一次離開(kāi)家。At first I worked all the ti

2、me, going to lectures and studying late into the night.一開(kāi)始，我一天到晚都在忙功課：上課，并且學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。But then I realized I was missing out on so many other things at university.可后來(lái)我意識(shí)到我錯(cuò)過(guò)了大學(xué)里許多其他活動(dòng)。One day a girl in my hall of residence invited everyone in the dorm to a dinner party.一天，跟我住同一幢宿舍樓的一個(gè)女孩兒邀請(qǐng)全樓的人去參加一個(gè)晚宴。Ive

3、no idea where she managed to buy the food, or how she had enough money.我不知道她在哪兒買(mǎi)的那些吃的，也不清楚她怎么會(huì)有足夠的錢(qián)。And she dressed like a model.而且她穿得像個(gè)模特兒。I dont know why she was bothering with university!我真不知道她干嘛還要費(fèi)那勁兒上大學(xué)！Ive got to know lots of interesting people and I now enjoy myself as well as study hard.現(xiàn)在我結(jié)

4、識(shí)了許多有趣的人，既努力學(xué)習(xí)，也快樂(lè)地生活。Miguel Fonseca Guadalajara, Mexico米古爾方斯卡瓜達(dá)拉哈拉，墨西哥When I first arrived at university, I tried to make notes about everything the professors said in their lectures.剛上大學(xué)的時(shí)候，我盡量把教授們?cè)谡n堂上說(shuō)的每一句話(huà)都記下來(lái)。But I ended up being too busy writing to listen.結(jié)果是我光忙著記筆記，都顧不上聽(tīng)講了。Im studying chemist

5、ry, and everything seemed more complicated than what we learned at school.我現(xiàn)在學(xué)的是化學(xué)，現(xiàn)在學(xué)的東西似乎都比我們?cè)谥袑W(xué)里學(xué)的復(fù)雜。But then I realized that here, you have to listen and think more.現(xiàn)在，我已弄清新知識(shí)和過(guò)去所學(xué)知識(shí)之間的差別了。Ive now understood the difference between new information and things which I knew already.不過(guò)我意識(shí)到，在大學(xué)里，你應(yīng)該更多

6、地去聽(tīng)、去思考。Francine Bonnet Lyon, France弗蘭辛博內(nèi)里昂，法國(guó)When I first arrived, the university seemed very large and unfriendly. 我剛來(lái)時(shí)，這所大學(xué)似乎很大，也很不友好。I found the freedom and the lack of guidance difficult at first.一開(kāi)始，我覺(jué)得很難適應(yīng)缺乏指導(dǎo)的自由生活。At school, I was used to a timetable with homework in the evening. 上中學(xué)的時(shí)候，我已經(jīng)習(xí)

7、慣了晚上做家庭作業(yè)。I also had a lot of trouble managing my allowance.如何使用每月的生活費(fèi)也讓我感到很頭疼。You have to buy food, books, bus fares, clothes and everything, so its not like the pocket money you had as a kid at home.你得買(mǎi)食品、書(shū)、公交車(chē)票、衣服等東西，這和小時(shí)候在家花零花錢(qián)大不一樣。The money arrives all in one go, so I felt pretty rich at the st

8、art of term.每學(xué)期的錢(qián)是一次性匯來(lái)的，所以一開(kāi)始我總覺(jué)得手頭相當(dāng)寬裕。Then I spent too much, and could only afford to eat a sandwich once a day! 然后我就大手大腳地花錢(qián)，搞到后來(lái)每天只能吃一個(gè)三明治！But now Ive realized that its no longer my parents or teachers responsibility to look after me.我現(xiàn)在認(rèn)識(shí)到家長(zhǎng)或老師不再有照顧我的責(zé)任了。For the first time, its me whos responsi

9、ble for my life . . and I dont know what to do!長(zhǎng)這么大第一次，我該自己打理自己的生活了可我卻不知道該怎么辦！Unit3Thinking across cultures跨文化思考This view attracted a lot of criticism. 這一觀點(diǎn)招致了不少批評(píng)。People said it was too simplistic, it was based on insufficient evidence, and it was biased in favour of English (which seemed to offer

10、the most efficient way of presenting an argument).大家認(rèn)為這種理論過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單化，論據(jù)不足，而且偏袒英語(yǔ)(好像只有英語(yǔ)才能 夠“最有效地”展開(kāi)論述似的)。Russian students, in particular, didnt agree with the idea Kaplan had of them!俄羅斯學(xué)生尤其不認(rèn)同卡普蘭對(duì)他們的看法。But Kaplans work at least reminded us that, to be able to write effectively in English (or any languag

11、e), it is not enough to master structures at sentence level we need to work at a higher level of organization, and to understand how rhetorical devices, such as repetition and figurative language, are used.不過(guò)，卡普蘭的研究成果至少提醒了我們一點(diǎn)：要想熟練地掌握英語(yǔ)(或任何語(yǔ) 言)寫(xiě)作的能力，僅僅掌握句子層面的結(jié)構(gòu)是不夠的我們需要在更高層次的 組織結(jié)構(gòu)上下工夫，學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用重復(fù)和比喻等修辭手法。

12、Whats more, most of us would probably agree that people from different cultural backgrounds do have different ways of presenting arguments, or telling stories, 并且，我們可能大都認(rèn)同這樣一種觀點(diǎn)，即來(lái)自不同文化背景的人會(huì)以各自不同 的方式提出論點(diǎn)或者講故事。and that, even if these differences are difficult, and perhaps impossible to classify, just

13、 being aware that they exist can help us to understand and appreciate each other better.即使我們很難或是根本不可能闡明其差異，但僅僅是意識(shí)到這些差異的存在也有 助于我們加深對(duì)彼此的理解和認(rèn)同感。Unit 4Saying it without words非言語(yǔ)表達(dá)Misunderstandings are not restricted to words.誤解并不僅限于言語(yǔ)。Its just as easy to create confusion with body language and gestures

14、which mean one thing in one culture, but something different in another. 由于肢體語(yǔ)言和手勢(shì)在一種文化中表達(dá)一個(gè)意思，可在另一種文化中又表達(dá)另一 個(gè)意思，這很容易造成困惑。For example, new arrivals from the West in China often find it strange when you stare at them, because it makes them feel embarrassed and self-conscious, whereas the Chinese are

15、simply curious.比如說(shuō)，剛到中國(guó)的西方人看見(jiàn)有人盯著他們看，覺(jué)得很奇怪，因?yàn)檫@讓他們覺(jué) 得很尷尬、很難為情。其實(shí)，中國(guó)人只是好奇而已。Unit 6Market trading集市貿(mào)易In some markets, the trader will allow you to choose the fruit and vegetables yourself, but others may insist on choosing for you.在有些集市上，賣(mài)家允許你自己挑選水果和蔬菜，而在另外一些集市上，賣(mài)家可 能要堅(jiān)持替你挑選。The best way to check is to

16、 do as the Romans do”.最好的方法便是入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。In other words, watch if the locals pick their goods, place them in a bowl or a basket, and then hand it to the trader.也就是說(shuō)，留意當(dāng)?shù)厝说淖龇?，看他們是不是自己挑選物品，將物品放入碗中或 者籃子里，然后交給賣(mài)家。Its rare to bargain in markets, or more precisely, in markets which sell food and clothes or anywhe

17、re the price is marked on a label.在集市上，或者更準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)，在銷(xiāo)售食品、衣服或明碼標(biāo)價(jià)的集市上，討價(jià)還價(jià) 是很少見(jiàn)的。The only exception is flea markets, that is to say, markets where you can buy second-hand goods and antiques.唯一的例外是“跳蚤市場(chǎng)”，也就是二手貨和古玩市場(chǎng)。But if its OK to bargain, find out what similar goods are worth on other stalls, let the s

18、alesperson tell you the price first, then make them an offer, or more precisely, about 40 per cent of their price, and hope to agree on something which pleases both of you.如果可以討價(jià)還價(jià)，你需要先了解相同的物品在其他貨攤上賣(mài)多少錢(qián)，然后讓賣(mài) 主先告訴你價(jià)格，你再還價(jià)，或者更確切地說(shuō)，你給的價(jià)格可以大約是賣(mài)主出價(jià)。Unit 8Ecotourism生態(tài)旅游As a thoughtful and responsible trav

19、eller, there are several things you can do to avoid affecting or damaging the sights you have come to see. 作為一個(gè)有頭腦、負(fù)責(zé)任的旅行者，你可以做幾件事以避免影響或毀壞你參觀過(guò) 的風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)。Its important to be aware of the economic, cultural and environmental effects of tourism.認(rèn)識(shí)到旅游所產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化及環(huán)境效應(yīng)是非常重要的。The more you put into your trip, th

20、e more youll get out of it.你在旅行中付出的越多，你從中得到的就越多。Find out about your destination.了解目的地。This doesnt just mean reading the guidebooks.這不僅僅意味著讀讀旅行指南。For example, before you go, look out for news and current events about the area youre planning to visit.比如說(shuō)，走之前，你可以留意一下有關(guān)旅游目的地的新聞與時(shí)事。Try to learn a few wor

21、ds of the local language.或者試著學(xué)幾句當(dāng)?shù)氐恼Z(yǔ)言。Respect local customs and traditions,尊重當(dāng)?shù)氐牧?xí)俗與傳統(tǒng)。such as wearing the right clothes or being careful about taking photos. 比如說(shuō)著裝要得體，拍照時(shí)要小心謹(jǐn)慎。Try to remember that appropriate behaviour for you may not be transferable to another culture.要記住，在你看來(lái)恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e止不一定會(huì)被另一個(gè)文化所接受。Rem

22、ember that youre not just a tourist, youre a guest.記住你不僅僅是名游客，你還是位客人。Dont show how wealthy you are.不要炫富。Your belongings, like cameras, wristwatches or jewellery, may create a barrier between you and the local people.你隨身攜帶的東西，如照相機(jī)、手表及珠寶首飾等，有可能在你和當(dāng)?shù)厝酥g造 成隔閡。Keep them out of sight.把這些東西收起來(lái)。Conserve res

23、ources.節(jié)約資源。Be aware that, as a visitor, you may be using valuable resources, for instance, water, wood and food, which may already be under pressure. 要知道，作為游客，你可能會(huì)消耗日益稀少的珍貴自然資源，如水、木材及食品 等。A large hotel in the middle of nowhere uses more resources than small family-run accommodation.建在茫茫曠野中的大旅館比家庭經(jīng)營(yíng)

24、的小旅店要消 耗更多的資源。Follow the leave-no-trace rules.遵循不留痕跡的原則。Take home everything you brought, such as packaging, paper and litter. 把你帶來(lái)的所有東西，如包裝盒、紙、垃圾等，全都帶回家。Dont take home anything you didnt bring and which may have an impact on the environment, such as plants or souvenirs made from animal products. 不要

25、把不是你帶來(lái)的或是會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成影響的東西帶回家，比如植物或用動(dòng)物制 品制作的紀(jì)念品。Support the local economy.支持當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)。For example, eat local food and use local transport, restaurants, markets and guides.比如說(shuō)，品嘗當(dāng)?shù)氐氖称?，乘坐?dāng)?shù)氐慕煌üぞ?，在?dāng)?shù)氐娘堭^就餐，光顧當(dāng)?shù)?的市場(chǎng)，雇用當(dāng)?shù)氐膶?dǎo)游。Its important that the money you spend remains within the local community and creates jobs.

26、重要的是，你在當(dāng)?shù)鼗ǖ腻X(qián)創(chuàng)造了就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。盡量避免隨大型旅游公司去旅行。Follow up your visit.繼續(xù)你的旅行。Your visit doesnt end with your flight home.乘飛機(jī)回到家以后，你的旅行并沒(méi)有結(jié)束。Theres lots more you can do, for instance, you can stay in touch with the people and the places you visited, and share your experiences with people back home and read up abou

27、t what youve learnt.你還可以做更多的事情，比如說(shuō)，你可以和你去過(guò)的那些地方以及你見(jiàn)過(guò)的那些 人保持聯(lián)系，與親朋好友分享你的經(jīng)歷，仔細(xì)研究一下你學(xué)到的東西。Sustain your interest by supporting suitable conservation agencies. 通過(guò)支持一些合適的保護(hù)機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)保持你的興趣。Try and write an article for publication in a local newspaper or magazine. 試著寫(xiě)篇文章，投寄給當(dāng)?shù)氐膱?bào)紙或雜志發(fā)表。If you dont appreciate being

28、 a visitor, why do you want to leave home in the first place?如果你不喜歡旅行，那你當(dāng)初為什么要離開(kāi)家呢？Unit 9Cold climate, hot habit冷氣候，熱習(xí)慣In Finland winters are long and cold, with temperatures rarely rising above freezing, and the nights never seem to end.在芬蘭，冬天漫長(zhǎng)而寒冷，溫度很少在零度以上，長(zhǎng)夜漫漫，似乎沒(méi)有盡頭。In addition, those who live

29、in the far north of the country have to cope with the polar night, a period of 51 days on end during which the sun never rises.另外，那些生活在該國(guó)最北部地區(qū)的人們還得應(yīng)對(duì)“極夜”，一段連續(xù)51天、 太陽(yáng)永不升起的日子。But the Finns have invented a way of staying warm and happy the sauna. 但是芬蘭人發(fā)明了一種保持溫暖、快樂(lè)的方法一一桑拿。Almost every house in Finland h

30、as one; in a country which numbers just five million inhabitants, there are an estimated two million saunas. 在芬蘭，幾乎每一棟房子都有一間桑拿房。在這個(gè)只有500多萬(wàn)居民的國(guó)家里， 估計(jì)有多達(dá)200萬(wàn)間的桑拿房。Saunas have been around for a long time. 桑拿房歷史久遠(yuǎn)，The first written reference to them dates back to the 12th century. 有關(guān)桑拿房的最早文字記載可以追溯到12世紀(jì)。

31、At first, the sauna was just a heated hole in the ground used for bathing. 最初，桑拿房只是在地上挖的一個(gè)坑，加熱后用于洗澡。But over time, as the population became more settled, it became an above-ground room separated from the main house.但是后來(lái)，隨著定居人口的增多，桑拿房變成了獨(dú)立于主宅的地上房間。Today, however, most modern homes include a sauna, in

32、 addition to a shower or bath, in the bathroom.但是，今天大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代家庭的浴室里除了淋浴噴頭和浴缸外，還有桑拿設(shè)備。Furthermore, the function of the sauna has changed.People today use it for relaxation.而且，桑拿房的功能也發(fā)生了變化，如今人們將它用作休閑享樂(lè)的場(chǎng)所。In essence, the sauna is a fire without a chimney.從本質(zhì)上講，桑拿是不用煙囪的一團(tuán)火。石頭被放在火上以?xún)?chǔ)存熱量。Rocks are put on the

33、 fire to retain the heat, and when you pour water on the rocks it releases a burst of heat throughout the room.當(dāng)你往石頭上潑水時(shí)，它就釋放出大量的熱氣，瞬間彌漫整個(gè)屋子。For Finns the sauna is part of life from childhood, and an experience to be shared with family or friends.對(duì)于芬蘭人來(lái)說(shuō)，早在童年時(shí)代桑拿就是他們生活的一部分，是與家人或朋友分享的人生經(jīng)歷。Since being

34、 naked is the norm (but not a rule), it is usual (but again, not a rule) for men and women to take it in turns to have a sauna.洗桑拿浴時(shí)一般(但不是規(guī)定)要全身赤裸，因此通常(也不是規(guī)定)男人和女 人輪流洗桑拿。In public saunas there will be separate saunas for men and women.公共桑拿房里有各自獨(dú)立的男士桑拿間和女士桑拿間。The aim is to relax and sweat, after whic

35、h you can have a shower, or just run about in the snow outside.桑拿的目的就是為了放松和出汗。Some people dive into a nearby lake as well!桑拿之后，你可以沖個(gè)澡，或者干脆到外面雪地里跑跑。有些人還跳進(jìn)附近的湖里！(There are 200,000 of them in Finland).(芬蘭有20萬(wàn)個(gè)湖。)But are saunas healthy?但是，桑拿對(duì)身體有益嗎？Opinions are divided.對(duì)此人們的觀點(diǎn)各不相同。For example, although s

36、ome people think that it is possible to use a sauna to lose weight, most doctors would advise against this.例如，雖然有些人認(rèn)為可以通過(guò)桑拿減肥，但是大多數(shù)醫(yī)生反對(duì)這么做。More realistic claims made in favour of saunas include improving blood circulation, getting rid of toxins, helping people who have breathing problems, and reliev

37、ing tired muscles.支持桑拿的更為現(xiàn)實(shí)的觀點(diǎn)包括桑拿可以改善血液循環(huán)、排除毒素、治療呼吸道 疾病以及舒緩肌肉疲勞。Whats more, research by the Finnish Medical Society suggests that people who regularly have saunas reduce their chances of catching colds by up to 30 per cent.而且，芬蘭醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)的研究表明，那些經(jīng)常洗桑拿的人患感冒的機(jī)會(huì)減少了 30%。But of course for Finns, the effect of

38、the sauna is psychological as well as physical.當(dāng)然，對(duì)芬蘭人來(lái)說(shuō)，桑拿的作用既是生理的，也是心理的。Relaxing in a sauna while winter rages outside is part of the pleasure of living in a northern climate.冬天，當(dāng)室外已是一片冰天雪地的時(shí)候，在桑拿房里放松休養(yǎng)是生活在北方的一 種樂(lè)趣。適應(yīng)校園生活一一來(lái)自世界各地的訪(fǎng)談塔尼婭-扎茹茨卡婭莫斯科，俄羅斯去年的這個(gè)時(shí)候，我對(duì)新生活感到很緊張。我沒(méi)有朋友，也是第一次離開(kāi)家。一 開(kāi)始，我一天到晚都在忙功課：

39、上課，并且學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。可后來(lái)我意識(shí)到我錯(cuò)過(guò)了大學(xué)里許多其他活動(dòng)。一天，跟我住同一幢宿舍樓的一 個(gè)女孩兒邀請(qǐng)全樓的人去參加一個(gè)晚宴。我不知道她在哪兒買(mǎi)的那些吃的，也不 清楚她怎么會(huì)有足夠的錢(qián)。而且她穿得像個(gè)模特兒。我真不知道她干嘛還要費(fèi)那 勁兒上大學(xué)！現(xiàn)在我結(jié)識(shí)了許多有趣的人，既努力學(xué)習(xí)，也快樂(lè)地生活。米古爾-方斯卡瓜達(dá)拉哈拉，墨西哥剛上大學(xué)的時(shí)候，我盡量把教授們?cè)谡n堂上說(shuō)的每一句話(huà)都記下來(lái)。結(jié)果是我光 忙著記筆記，都顧不上聽(tīng)講了。我現(xiàn)在學(xué)的是化學(xué)，現(xiàn)在學(xué)的東西似乎都比我們 在中學(xué)里學(xué)的復(fù)雜。不過(guò)我意識(shí)到，在大學(xué)里，你應(yīng)該更多地去聽(tīng)、去思考?，F(xiàn) 在，我已弄清新知識(shí)和過(guò)去所學(xué)知識(shí)之間的差別了。弗蘭

40、辛-博內(nèi)里昂，法國(guó)我剛來(lái)時(shí)，這所大學(xué)似乎很大，也很不友好。一開(kāi)始，我覺(jué)得很難適應(yīng)缺乏指導(dǎo) 的自由生活。上中學(xué)的時(shí)候，我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了晚上做家庭作業(yè)。如何使用每月的生活費(fèi)也讓我感到很頭疼。你得買(mǎi)食品、書(shū)、公交車(chē)票、衣服等 東西，這和小時(shí)候在家花零花錢(qián)大不一樣。每學(xué)期的錢(qián)是一次性匯來(lái)的，所以一 開(kāi)始我總覺(jué)得手頭相當(dāng)寬裕。然后我就大手大腳地花錢(qián)，搞到后來(lái)每天只能吃一 個(gè)三明治！我現(xiàn)在認(rèn)識(shí)到家長(zhǎng)或老師不再有照顧我的責(zé)任了。長(zhǎng)這么大第一次，我該自己打 理自己的生活了 可我卻不知道該怎么辦！這一觀點(diǎn)招致了不少批評(píng)。大家認(rèn)為這種理論過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單化，論據(jù)不足，而且偏袒 英語(yǔ)（好像只有英語(yǔ)才能夠“最有效地”展開(kāi)論述似的

41、）。俄羅斯學(xué)生尤其不認(rèn) 同卡普蘭對(duì)他們的看法。不過(guò)，卡普蘭的研究成果至少提醒了我們一點(diǎn)：要想熟練地掌握英語(yǔ)（或任何語(yǔ) 言）寫(xiě)作的能力，僅僅掌握句子層面的結(jié)構(gòu)是不夠的我們需要在更高層次的 組織結(jié)構(gòu)上下工夫，學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用重復(fù)和比喻等修辭手法。并且，我們可能大都認(rèn)同這樣一種觀點(diǎn)，即來(lái)自不同文化背景的人會(huì)以各自不同 的方式提出論點(diǎn)或者講故事。即使我們很難或是根本不可能闡明其差異，但僅僅 是意識(shí)到這些差異的存在也有助于我們加深對(duì)彼此的理解和認(rèn)同感。誤解并不僅限于言語(yǔ)。由于肢體語(yǔ)言和手勢(shì)在一種文化中表達(dá)一個(gè)意思，可在另 一種文化中又表達(dá)另一個(gè)意思，這很容易造成困惑。比如說(shuō)，剛到中國(guó)的西方人 看見(jiàn)有人盯著他們看

42、，覺(jué)得很奇怪，因?yàn)檫@讓他們覺(jué)得很尷尬、很難為情。其實(shí)， 中 國(guó) 人 只 是 好 奇 而 已。四、在有些集市上，賣(mài)家允許你自己挑選水果和蔬菜，而在另外一些集市上，賣(mài)家可 能要堅(jiān)持替你挑選。最好的方法便是入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。也就是說(shuō)，留意當(dāng)?shù)厝说淖龇ǎ?看他們是不是自己挑選物品，將物品放入碗中或者籃子里，然后交給賣(mài)家。在集市上，或者更準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)，在銷(xiāo)售食品、衣服或明碼標(biāo)價(jià)的集市上，討價(jià)還價(jià) 是很少見(jiàn)的。唯一的例外是“跳蚤市場(chǎng)”，也就是二手貨和古玩市場(chǎng)。如果可以 討價(jià)還價(jià)，你需要先了解相同的物品在其他貨攤上賣(mài)多少錢(qián)，然后讓賣(mài)主先告訴 你價(jià)格，你再還價(jià)，或者更確切地說(shuō)，你給的價(jià)格可以大約是賣(mài)主出價(jià)的40%， 這樣就有望達(dá)成雙方都滿(mǎn)意的價(jià)格。五、作為一個(gè)有頭腦、負(fù)責(zé)任的旅行者，你可以做幾件事以避免影響或毀壞你參觀過(guò) 的風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)。認(rèn)識(shí)到旅游所產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化及環(huán)境效應(yīng)是非常重要的