高中英語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)專練17：主旨大意題攻略（原卷版）

1、英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)講與練17主旨大意題攻略【高頻考點(diǎn)回顧】【題型解讀】.命題要求：主要是測(cè)試考生對(duì)一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度以及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確把 握文章主旨大意的能力。.設(shè)題角度：既考查考生的閱讀理解能力，又考查考生的深層次推理、概括能力。一般針對(duì) 某一段或語(yǔ)篇的主題、標(biāo)題和目的設(shè)題。.解題思路：通過略讀捕捉文中的關(guān)鍵詞和主題句，把握篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)框架分析作者行 文過程中的材料取舍、詳略安排和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，弄清楚作者的思路和意圖，梳理出主 體脈絡(luò)，最終歸納出主旨大意。.解題方法：找出各個(gè)段落的主題句。把各個(gè)段落的主題句聯(lián)系起來(lái)著眼于全文結(jié)構(gòu)安排, 了解文章的重心，就能概括出文章的中心。文章的標(biāo)題

2、是中心思想最精煉的表達(dá)形式，選擇 的標(biāo)題意義范圍要能涵蓋全文，不能太大也不能太小?！菊_選項(xiàng)特征】.常含有抽象名詞或概括性詞語(yǔ)。. 一般不出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)信息，不含過分肯定或絕對(duì)意義的詞。.概括性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文或全段主要內(nèi)容。.精確性強(qiáng)，所使用的概括性語(yǔ)言不會(huì)失去表意的程度及色彩。.范圍恰當(dāng)，既不太大，也不太小。【干擾選項(xiàng)特征】.以偏概全。概括的范圍過于狹窄，只闡述了文章的一局部?jī)?nèi)容，某些局部信息或文章主題 的某一個(gè)方面。.斷章取義。以文章中的個(gè)別信息或個(gè)別字眼作為選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容，或者以次要的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)冒 充全文的主要觀點(diǎn)。.主題擴(kuò)大。歸納、概括的范圍過大，超過文章實(shí)際所討論的內(nèi)容。.似是而非。題目中的關(guān)鍵

3、詞好像在文章中提到了，但認(rèn)真分析后發(fā)現(xiàn)它與文章的內(nèi)容毫無(wú) 聯(lián)系。.移花接木。命題者有意把屬于A的特征放在B上。much discounted price so that people of all ages and abilities can come together and play in a fun and safe environment.Completely wheelchair-accessible, the park features 25 acres of attractions including rides, playgrounds, a catch-and-release

4、 fishing lake, and picnic areas throughout the park. The rides are custom-designed to accommodate wheelchair riders so that every family member can enjoy the fun. The adapted rides include (he Off-Road Adventure, where guests can test (heir driving skills in sporty vehicles. Moreover, each visitor i

5、s offered the option to wear a GPS Adventure Band, which allows them to keep track of each other while in the park. The band also enables them to take part in electronic activities. For example, when the riders scan the band at the Off-Road Adventure, a photo will be taken and sent to their email.In

6、 June 2017, Morgans Wonderland celebrated the opening of Morgans Inspiration Island. The new expansion is composed of five themed splash pads and a River Boat Adventure Ride. The wheelchair guests can be moved out of their chairs into unique, waterproof chairs and enjoy the splash park without riski

7、ng damage to (heir personal wheelchairs.“Morgan taught me that theres more to life in many ways than what I saw before, said Hartman. The blessing that Morgan has brought is beyond anything that I ever could have imagined and could explain.What is the passage mainly about?The new addition to Morgans

8、 Wonderland.The establishment and features of a special theme park.The advanced technological devices in Morgans WonderlandThe needs of people who suffer from physical and mental disabilities.What does “ultra-accessible in the second paragraph imply?It,s easy fbr all visitors to use the facilities.A

9、dmission is free for people young and old.Wheelchairs are provided for every featured attraction.Morgans Wonderland is situated in a convenient location.What does the park provide to prevent personal wheelchairs from being damaged?A. Safe Boats.B. Water-resistant cloth. C. GPS bands.D. Special chair

10、s.Which of the following statements is true about Morgans Wonderland?Waterproof chairs enable visitors to wonder all over the park.Morgans Inspiration Island includes 25 acres of attractions.The success of the park is exactly what Morgan intended to achieve.GPS bands allow visitors to enjoy the conv

11、enience of the electronic devices.5Not long ago, Linda Khan was sitting by a hospital bed in Houston, feeling ill at ease. Beside her lay her father who needed a heart surgery. The two of them had engaged in nothing but depressing small talk. Then, her eye fell on a pile of books. She picked up one.

12、 and started to read it out loud. Right away it changed the mood and atmosphere, she says. Reading gave the daughter a way to connect with her father. Listening allowed the father travel on the sound of his daughters voice into a place where he felt himself again. 4Trom then on, Khan says, “I always

13、 read to him.In a 2010 survey in the United Kingdom, elderly adults who joined weekly read-aloud groups reported better concentration, less anxiety, and an improved ability to socialize. The survey authors owed these improvements in large part to the rich, varied diet of serious literature that grou

14、p members consumed, with fiction encouraging feelings of relaxation and calm, poetry fostering focused concentration, and narratives giving rise to cognitive (認(rèn)知的)thoughts, feelings, and memories. In truth, almost any kind of reading to another person can be beneficial.Readers get rewards too. For N

15、eil Bush, the late-life hospitalizations of his famous parents, George H. W. and Barbara Bush, became opportunities to repay a debt of gratitude. 44When I was a kid, they would read to me, he said. With his parents in and out of care, Weve been reading books about Dads foreign policy and, more recen

16、tly, Moms autobiography. Bush went on, his voice thick with emotion, “And to read their amazing life to them has been a remarkable blessing to me, personally, as their son.To many people, reading to parents may seem so far outside the normal range of regular activities, and it may even feel odd and

17、improper. However, there are still a lot many who brave (he momentary strangeness of reading to elderly adults and both reader and listeners are, to borrow a phrase from Wordsworth, surprised by (he joy of it.What did reading offer to Linda and her father?A. A way to establish a bond.B. A way to tra

18、vel together in reality.D. A way to engage in learning.B. Benefits of reading to others.D. A way to engage in learning.B. Benefits of reading to others.D. Development of social skills.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. Improvements in mental health.C. Changes in cognitive process.What does Neil Bus

19、hs experience prove?Reading benefits more (han the listenerParents should red more (o their kids.Children should show their gratitude.Reding to parents is childrens dutyHow does the author feel about reading to an elderly adult?A. Improper and odd.B. Abnormal but worthy.C. Rewarding and joyful.D. In

20、teresting but unnecessary.6When you think of (he Himalayas, you may picture tall, rocky, snow-covered peaks. But thats not true.The subnival (亞冰雪的)region is the zone between (he treeline and the snowline. Il is 5 to 5 times as large as the areas of glaciers and permanent snow, which means studying i

21、t is vital to understanding the Himalayas as a whole.The treeline is the edge of an ecosystem where trees are able to grow, and beyond the treeline environmental conditions become too tough to allow tree growth. Meanwhile, snowlines are the boundaries on mountains (hat separate areas with permanent

22、snow (where snow is present for the majority of the year) from areas with seasonal or no snow.Researchers used satellite data from 1993 to 2018 to measure plant cover between 4,150 meters and 6,000 meters above sea level. The scientists discovered that the greatest increase in plant cover was betwee

23、n an altitude of 5,000 meters and 5,500 meters. Subnival plants mostly include small shrubs and grasses.Even areas once completely occupied by glaciers now hold rocks covered with mosses, lichen, and sometimes even flowers. In addition, the snowline seems to be retreating, while the treeline is expa

24、nding. This shows that the region is becoming warmer, causing more melting of snow and allowing vegetation to move up in height.In the past 40 years, 25% of all Himalayan ice has been lost due to global warming. Himalayan glaciers are reducing by about 0.5 meters each year. The rate of glacier melti

25、ng has doubled in this decade. The melting of glaciers increases water in the region, making it wetter. Receding snow also forces the snowline to move up, providing a greater amount of area for the warm and moist conditions, which are perfect for vegetation growth.As of now, we do not know whether v

26、egetation will accelerate or slow down the rate of glacier melting.How does the writer develop the third paragraph?A. By explaining concepts.B. By providing some examples.C. By analyzing causes and effects.D. By listing specific data.What docs the underlined word “retreating“ mean in Paragraph 5?A.

27、Disappearing. B. Lengthening. C. Withdrawing. D. Widening.What is the direct effect of global warming on the Himalayas?A. The snowline moves up.B. Glaciers are melting faster.C. The subnival area is wetter.D. Plants grow much better.What does the passage mainly talk about?The climate of the Himalaya

28、s is changing.Icebergs in the Himalayas have disappeared.Plants are diverse in the Himalayas. D. Plant life spreads in the Himalayas.7Smartphones, tablets and other digital devices can be addictive. They affect sleep. They draw kids into an alternate universe, often distracting （使分心）them from more p

29、roductive-and healthier-rcal-world activities. And they arc often linked to anxiety and depression, learning disabilities and obesity （肥胖）.Yet for many teenagers, cellphones and social media are also absolutely necessary tools for planning their social lives, keeping up with schoolwork and staying i

30、n touch with out-of-town friends and relatives.How can parents make the most of （he constructive uses of screen-based technology while minimizing its harmful effects?The key is helping kids use technology as a tool, not a toy, where theres some purpose other than the medication of boredom,M says Jim

31、 Taylor, a psychologist and author of the book Raising Generation Tech： Preparing Your Children for a Media-fueled World. Taylor, Hke many other medical and mental health professionals, advises parents to set limits and stick to them. They should restrict the amount of time their kids spend on devic

32、es, create tech-free zones-no cellphones in their bedrooms, for example-and tech-free times, such as at the dinner table, in restaurants and on family outings.Perhaps (he best thing you can do is serve as a good role model by exhibiting (he same online behavior you expect of your children, says Dr.

33、Elias Aboujaoude, a Stanford University psychiatrist. 44If parents are breaking their own rules,M Aboujaoude says, “kids cannot be expected to behave differently.”Chad Landgraf, 44, of Oklahoma, told me he was worried about how addicted his 12-year-old son and 5-year-old daughter became when they we

34、re on their devices. So, hoping to set an example, he switched from e-books to old-fashioned print. 4tWhen i had my Kindle or ipad open, they, didnt know if I was reading or surfing the net/5 Landgraf says. Bui at least if I have a paper copy of a book, they know I am reading. Modeling seems like th

35、e easiest way.” 24. What may be the result of childrens using digital devices?A. Health improvement.B. Free creation.C. Sleep disorder.D. Good conductWhat does Jim Taylor suggest parents doing?Killing time by using screen-based technology.Forbidding kids using smartphones.Setting clear boundaries fo

36、r kids.Restricting tech-free family time.Why did Chad pick up old-fashioned print?A. He was afraid of becoming addicted.C. He was tired of surfing the net.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Parenting in a digital worldC. Using smart devices wiselyB. He expected to be a role model.D. He

37、 preferred paper copies of books.B. Learning to be intelligent parentsD. Helping children behave themselves8An 85-year-okl primary school constructed in 1935 in Shanghai has been lifted off the ground in its entirety and relocated using new technology called the “walking machine. The project marks t

38、he first time this “walking machinc method has been used in Shanghai to relocate a historical building.Urbanization (都市彳七)has continued to significantly threaten architectural heritage. In the capital Beijing, for instance, more than I ,()(X) acres of its historic hutongs and traditional courtyard h

39、omes were destroyed between 1990 and 2010.In the early 2000s, cities including Nanjing and Bejjing-due to the critics protest about the loss of old neighborhoods-drew up long-term plans to preserve what was left of their historic sites, with protections introduced to safeguard buildings and restrict

40、 developers.These consenation efforts have taken different forms. In Beijing, a near-ruined temple was transformed into a restaurant and gallery, while in Nanjing, a cinema from the 1930s was restored to its original form, with some additions providing it for modem use. In 2019, Shanghai welcomed Ta

41、nk Shanghai, an arts center built in renovated (重修的)oil tanks.Relocation is not the first choice, but better than destroying/ said Lan, the Shanghai primary schools project supervisor. Id rather not touch the historical buildings at all. Building relocations he said however, arc “a workable option.v

42、 uThe central government is putting more emphasis on the protection of historical buildings. Im happy to see that progress in recent years.”Shanghai has arguably been Chinas most progressive city when it comes to heritage preservation. The survival of a number of 1930s buildings and 19th-century “sh

43、ikumcn” (or “stone gate) house have offered examples of how to give old buildings new life.“We have to preserve the historical building no matter what, “ Lan said. The relocation has challenges, but in general, it is cheaper than destroying and then rebuilding something in a new location.”How did ci

44、ties respond to the loss of historical sites?A. They criticized the developers.B. They rebuilt the historic hutongs.C. They ended the significant threat.D. They proposed the protection project.What does the underlined word “it in Para. 4 refer to?A. All original form. B. A new addition. C. A cinema.

45、D. A temple.What does the author intend to do in Para. 6?A. Provide strong evidence.C. Summarize previous paragraphs.Whats the best title for the passage?Walking Machine: a New TechnologyC. Old Building Torn down for Modern UseIntroduce different opinions.D. Add some background information.Rebuildin

46、g: a New Option for RelicsD. Historical Site “Walks” to New Life【解題技巧】技巧1段落大意題：”一定、二找、三歸納”二掃描題干，確定題干關(guān)鍵信息讀該段內(nèi)容，找出能總結(jié)段落大意&）的關(guān)鍵詞日扁歸納本段大意，得出答案【真題例如】（2021新高考I卷D節(jié)選）Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in t

47、he scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives （視角）from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.What

48、 does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?Its appeal to the public.Expectations for future studies.Its practical application.Scientists with new perspectives.【思路分析】一定定位題干中的關(guān)鍵詞 ihe last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence二找用關(guān)鍵詞concerning em

49、otional intelligence”尋讀,在文中找到信息源:we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives.”可知,我們希望在未來(lái)的數(shù)十年 后，科學(xué)的進(jìn)步提供新的視角來(lái)研究人們?nèi)绾喂芾硭麄兊纳?。三歸納比對(duì)選項(xiàng)和信息句，題干中 “Expectatio

50、ns”替換了文中的“will excite a greater interest in; will offer new perspectives”，進(jìn)行了語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)化。應(yīng)選 B 。技巧2文章大意題:“速讀、識(shí)別、再總結(jié)”快速閱讀文首、文尾以及每段的速讀首句和尾句Tc識(shí)別段落主題句，串聯(lián)每段大意狀劑 溫聞總結(jié)歸納文章大意，確定答案找主題句的四個(gè)小竅門：(1)段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(yǔ)(如however, but, in fact, actually等)時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)折詞后的句子很可 能是主題句。(2)首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí)，對(duì)該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。(3)作者有意識(shí)地重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨； 反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)

51、，一般為表達(dá)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵 詞。(4)表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等詞語(yǔ)?！菊骖}例如】(2021 新高考I卷C)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natur

52、al resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水 禽)were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands wer

53、e dried to feed and house (he ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(棲息地).In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (遷徙的)waterfowl and the wetlands so vital

54、to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J. N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President F

55、ranklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price (o ensure the sun ival of our natural resources.About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for incl

56、usion into the National Wildlife Refuge Systema fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Progr

57、am has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.Which of the following is a suitable title fbr the text?The Federal Duck Stamp StoryThe National Wildlife Refuge SystemThe Benefits of Saving WaterfowlThe History of Migratory Bird Hunting【思路分析】速讀快速閱讀文首、文尾以及每段的首句和尾句識(shí)別

58、識(shí)別段落主題句。首段介紹了美國(guó)鴨票發(fā)行的背景；第二段介紹了美國(guó)鴨票發(fā)行的經(jīng)過，第 三段講述了美國(guó)鴨票發(fā)行帶來(lái)的種種好處。最后一段最后一句Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful consen ation programs ever initialed. ”更 是直接點(diǎn)明主題。再總結(jié)比擬選項(xiàng)和主題句可知：本文講述了美國(guó)鴨票的故事，由于美國(guó)移民的大量流入，對(duì)農(nóng)地和住 房的急需使大量的水禽棲息地被破壞，導(dǎo)致美國(guó)水禽驟減，因此美國(guó)發(fā)行了鴨票，狩獵者只有 購(gòu)買了鴨票才能狩

59、獵，而鴨票的局部收入進(jìn)入了用于購(gòu)買水禽棲息地的基金，從而保護(hù)了水 禽。應(yīng)選一 A 技巧3標(biāo)題歸納題:“速瀏覽、定主題、巧概括”國(guó)而快速瀏覽全文，找到主旨句根據(jù)主旨句，確定文章的主題思想 吉合關(guān)鍵句，綜合分析，有針對(duì) 扁耐性地歸納概括出文章標(biāo)題【真題例如】（2021 全國(guó)乙卷C節(jié)選）Youve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans between 4. 8 and 12. 7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup rea

60、lly make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to rc-cxaniinc their relationship to single-use plastic products.At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called t4Strawpocalypse, “ a pa