高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)(共37張)課件

1、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)0102動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)|一般過(guò)去時(shí)|一般將來(lái)時(shí)|過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)|現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)|過(guò)去完成時(shí)|現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)|現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)|過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 |被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法|主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義I. 單句語(yǔ)法填空 | II. 單句改錯(cuò) | III. 翻譯句子 03針對(duì)訓(xùn)練12022/10/1動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)0102動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)|一般過(guò)去時(shí)|一 問題診斷22022/10/1 問題診斷22022/9/28. 單句語(yǔ)法填空1. Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop. Since 2011，the cou

2、ntry _ (grow) more corn than rice.(2018全國(guó)卷)2. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _ (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. (2018全國(guó)卷)3. True to a gorillas u

3、naggressive nature，the huge animal _ (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying：“Im king of this forest，and here is your reminder!” (2018全國(guó)卷)4When fat and salt _ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.(2017全國(guó)卷) are removed has grown startedmeant32022/10/1. 單句語(yǔ)法填空1. Diets h

4、ave changed. 單句改錯(cuò)1. I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.(2018全國(guó)卷)2. It was Monday morning，and the writing class had just begin. (2018全國(guó)卷) 3I had grown not only physically，but also mentally in the past few years.(2017全國(guó)卷)4About one month after this photo was took, I e

5、ntered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club.(2017全國(guó)卷)havetakenwerebegun42022/10/1. 單句改錯(cuò)1. I didnt realize how5Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. (全國(guó)卷) 6A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outs

6、ide a shop. (全國(guó)卷)usedtold52022/10/15Every day he makes sure that一、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要由動(dòng)詞的原形表示，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)一般由動(dòng)詞原形后加s或es構(gòu)成。其變化規(guī)則如下：162022/10/1一、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要由動(dòng)詞的原形一、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成。172022/10/1一、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成。172022/9/28一、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，句中常用 often，usually，sometimes，every day 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。表示

7、客觀事實(shí)、真理格言或者警句。在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。表示按時(shí)間表計(jì)劃、規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如：begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close，take off等。2一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法。He goes to school by bicycle every day.As we all know，objects fall to the ground because of gravity.When I graduate，Ill go to the countryside.The meeting

8、begins at seven.The plane takes off at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.82022/10/1一、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，句中常用 oft二、 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成。1一般過(guò)去時(shí)由動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示，規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式一般由動(dòng)詞原形加ed構(gòu)成，其變化規(guī)則如下：92022/10/1二、 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成。1一般過(guò)去時(shí)由動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去二、 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 2一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法。表示在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常有表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，或有上下文暗示；還可表示 表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。在時(shí)間

9、、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，若主句用了過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的意義。有些動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間沒有具體表明,但實(shí)際上是剛才,剛剛”發(fā)生,或者是表示說(shuō)話人原來(lái)沒有料到、想到、注意到、認(rèn)出或忘記等應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。He finished writing his novel last month.I felt very tired when I got home，and I went straight to bed.When I was a child，I often played football in the street.He said he would tell her about

10、the news as soon as he met her.Your phone number again？I didnt quite catch it. I didnt recognize him.102022/10/1二、 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 2一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法。表示在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間二、 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 火眼金睛：Mr. White _ in Paris for seven years，and he lives in Beijing now.懷特先生在巴黎住過(guò)七年，他現(xiàn)在住在北京。lived表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)完成的動(dòng)作。112022/10/1二、 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 火眼金睛：Mr. White _三、一般

11、將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall動(dòng)詞原形。1表示客觀的將來(lái)，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)tomorrow，next week等連用。shall一般用于第一人稱，will可用于各種人稱。My birthday is coming. I shall be 18 years old.We will have a meeting tomorrow.What time is it?I have no idea. But just a minute，I will check it for you.一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示從現(xiàn)在看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。will還可表達(dá)說(shuō)話時(shí)臨時(shí)做出的決定。122022/10/1三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)w

12、ill/shall動(dòng)詞原形。1表示客觀的三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)be going to動(dòng)詞原形。2“be going to動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或根據(jù)某種跡象預(yù)示著要發(fā)生某事。I am going to buy some books with my sister this afternoon.我打算下午和姐姐去買些書。Look at the clouds. It is going to rain.看那些烏云。天要下雨了。132022/10/1三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)be going to動(dòng)詞原形。2“be g三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)be to 動(dòng)詞原形， 表示按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或征求對(duì)方意見。還可表示吩咐、命令、

13、禁止、可能性等。3The boy is to go to school tomorrow.男孩明天要去上學(xué)。Are we to go on with this work? 我們要繼續(xù)這項(xiàng)工作嗎？Youre to be back before five oclock. 5點(diǎn)前你要回來(lái)。A meeting is to be held at 3clock this afternoon.會(huì)議將于今天下午3點(diǎn)舉行。142022/10/1三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)be to 動(dòng)詞原形， 表示按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作4be about to do表示“即將，正要”，后面不能接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句。Autumn harvest i

14、s about to start.秋收即將開始。152022/10/14be about to do表示“即將，正要”，后面不能接be to do和be going to do的區(qū)別be to do表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to do表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排) Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀想法)162022/10/1be to do和be going to do的區(qū)別I

15、a四、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的常用表達(dá)法：would/should動(dòng)詞原形。1表示對(duì)過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)而言將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在狀態(tài)。I hoped that we would meet again someday.I would swim in the small river after school when I was a child.表示過(guò)去的某種習(xí)慣行為。172022/10/1四、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的常用表達(dá)法：would/shoul四、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的其他表達(dá)法2was/were going to do表示過(guò)去的打算和意圖。was/were to動(dòng)詞原形。這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常指過(guò)去的計(jì)劃、

16、安排或注定要發(fā)生的事情。如果計(jì)劃的動(dòng)作沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)，要用動(dòng)詞的完成式。was/were about to動(dòng)詞原形。這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示過(guò)去即將發(fā)生的事，常與when連用。He was going to start work the following week.He said he was to meet his friend at the station at 4 pm.I was about to go out when someone called me.182022/10/1四、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的其他表達(dá)法2was/were g五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果或已經(jīng)完成的

17、某一動(dòng)作.常與lately, recently, so far, by now, up to/till now,in the last/past few days/years等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。1I dont want to go to the cinema with you，because I have seen the film already.The film Wolf Warrior has received good reviews since it came out last month.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成：have(has) 過(guò)去分詞。2.表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還會(huì)

18、繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與“for時(shí)間段”，“since時(shí)間點(diǎn)”等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。192022/10/1五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果或已經(jīng)五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型3It is (has been ) three years since he joined the army.It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.It is the third time that you have been late for work

19、this week，isnt it?在“It (This) is the best (worst，most interesting等)名詞從句”中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。在“It (This) is (will be) the first/second/third.timethat從句”中，that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。It is (has been)一段時(shí)間since從句202022/10/1五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型3It is (has b六、過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成為haddone。表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，句中有明顯的表示過(guò)去的參照動(dòng)

20、作或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。(by，by the end of，by the time，until，before，since等表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句) 表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等，常用had hoped/ planned/ meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式接不定式的完成式,即:hoped/planned.to have done。1Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.By the time Jac

21、k returned home from England，his son had graduated from college.We had hoped that you would come，but you didnt.2212022/10/1六、過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成為haddone。表示過(guò)去某六、過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的句型3Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.演講者一結(jié)束他的講話，觀眾就不停地向他提問。That was the second t

22、ime that she had seen her grandfather.這是她第二次看見她的祖父了?！癶ardly (scarcely).when.，no sooner.than.”句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，意思為“剛就”。表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。222022/10/1六、過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的句型3Hardly had t六、過(guò)去完成時(shí)4“時(shí)間名詞before”在句中作狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；“時(shí)間名詞ago”在句中作狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，或用then，and，but 等連接時(shí)，多用一

23、般過(guò)去時(shí)。在before或after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.After he (had) left the room，the boss came in.232022/10/1六、過(guò)去完成時(shí)4“時(shí)間名詞before”在句中作狀語(yǔ)，謂七、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成為have/hasbeendoing.常用來(lái)表

24、示開始于過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作。 表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間里一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 表示某種感情色彩。1Tom looks tired because he has been cleaning the house since 9 am.You have been saying you can succeed for five years.Too much has been happening today.23242022/10/1七、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成為have/has現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)He has written a book He ha

25、s been writing a book. He has taught for 30 years.He has been teaching for 30 years.已經(jīng)寫完不一定寫完意思差別不大252022/10/1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)He has written a 八、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成。1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式為：am/is/arev.ing。v.ing形式的變化規(guī)則如下：262022/10/1八、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成。1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式為：a八、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法。2We are waiting for you at the airport. Mr.

26、Green is writing another novel these days.Its getting warmer and warmer. 。You are always changing your mind.表示現(xiàn)在(指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。表示逐漸變化的動(dòng)作，這樣的動(dòng)詞有：get，grow，become，turn，run，go，begin等。與always，constantly，forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀感情色彩。272022/10/1八、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

27、。2We are waitin八、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 3(1)表示事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如 belong, possess,owe，exist，include，contain，continue，know，realize，believe，suppose，imagine，agree，recognize，prefer，understand等。This house belongs to my sister.這房子是我姐的。 (2)系動(dòng)詞，如seem，remain，lie，see，hear，smell，feel，taste，get，become，turn等。You seem a lit

28、tle tired.你看上去有點(diǎn)累282022/10/1八、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 3(1)表示事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞九、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或者某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：at six this morning，the whole morning，all day yesterday，from nine to ten last evening等。I was making a modal plane at nine yesterday evening.我昨天晚上九點(diǎn)正在制作模型飛機(jī)。My brother fell while he was riding h

29、is bicycle and hurt himself.我哥哥騎車時(shí)摔了下來(lái)，受了傷。12過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的另一個(gè)主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生，常用于when和 while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。292022/10/1九、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或者某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行十、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)（選講）表示將來(lái)某時(shí)或某一時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常表示事情的正常發(fā)展。Ill be doing jobs about the house tomorrow.明天我將要干些家務(wù)活。We will be having a meeting at three oclock tomorr

30、ow afternoon.1302022/10/1十、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)（選講）表示將來(lái)某時(shí)或某一時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，be動(dòng)詞有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常見的時(shí)態(tài)變化(以動(dòng)詞build為例)列表如下：312022/10/1一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法 不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。1 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者或事件本身。 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. This jacket is

31、made of cotton. Cars of this kind were made in the 1980s.23 用在科技文獻(xiàn)或新聞報(bào)道中。get過(guò)去分詞可以表示被動(dòng)，此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語(yǔ)化。 The patient got treated once a week. 322022/10/1二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法 不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)三、主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義系動(dòng)詞(look, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, seem, appear等)形容詞或名詞。表示開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞(begin, finish, close, open, start, stop, shut，

32、move, run等)。表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或特征的動(dòng)詞(read, write, sell，wash, wear, cut, lock, act, draw, drive, drink, eat, clean等)。The dish tastes good. The store closes at 6：00 pm. every day.Books of this kind sell well.The pen writes smoothly.123332022/10/1三、主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義系動(dòng)詞(look, feel, ta四、不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況(1)所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之中。(2)表示狀態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如：last，hold，contain，fit，cost等。(3)表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞，如have，own，belong to等。(4)表示“希望、意圖、喜好”的動(dòng)詞，如：wish，want，hope，like，love，hate等。(5)賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(6)賓語(yǔ)是同源賓語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。342022/10/1四、不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況(1)所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng). 單句改錯(cuò)1I learned great