上海市虹口區(qū)2022屆高三一模英語(yǔ)試題及答案2021.12

1、第 第18頁(yè) 共 15 頁(yè)2021學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期終學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)能力診斷測(cè)試高三英語(yǔ) 試卷2021.12考生注意：考試時(shí)間 120 分鐘，試卷滿分 140 分。本考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫(xiě)準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)和姓名，并將核對(duì)后的條形碼貼在指定位置上。Listening Comprehension Section ADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,

2、aquestion will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthe best answer to the question you haveheard.A.Colleagues.B.Classmates.C. Motherandson

3、.D. Employer andemployee.A.Sheisnotfeelingverywelltoday.B.Shethinksthattheweatherispleasant.C.Shehasbeenstayingupquitelaterecently.D.Shehasbeenworkinghardfortoolongatime.A.Lucyisnothappywiththebanonpetanimals.B.Lucymightaswellsendherdogtoherrelative.C.Lucywontbeabletokeepadoginthebuilding.D. Lucy sh

4、ould get rid of her pet as soon as possible.A. He is likelytohelp.B. He has already asked forhelp.C.Hewasthelastonetousethecomputer.D.Hedoesnotknowalotaboutcomputers.A.Hewillcontinuetoworkinthegardenhimself.B.Theyshouldfinishtheworkassoonaspossible.C.Heistiredofdoinggardeningonweekends.D.Theycanhire

5、agardenertodothework.A.Theywillraisetheissueintheirpresentation.Theywillfindmorerelevantinformationfortheirwork.Theywillmakeuseofwhateverinformationisavailable.Theywillputmoreeffortsintopreparingforthepresentation.A.Hedidnottakethesymptomsofhisillnessseriously.Hewasnotawareofhisillnessuntildiagnosed

6、withit.Heisanxioustofindacureforhishighbloodpressure.He doesnt think high blood pressure is a problem forhim.A.Dr.Johnsonmaynotbeagoodchoice.Dr.Johnsonswaitingroomisnottidy.Dr.Johnsonenjoysreadingmagazines.Dr.Johnson is really a good dentist.A. It isnt a good idea to buy the T-shirt.Theprintingonher

7、T-shirthasfaded.It isnt in fashion to have a logo on aT-shirt.She regrets having bought one of theT-shirts.A. He has been bumping along forhours.He is trapped in a terrible trafficjam.Heisinvolvedinaseriousaccident.Hehasgotasharppainintheneck.Section BDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassage

8、sandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecide whichonewouldbethebestanswertotheq

9、uestionyouhaveheard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.A.Realartistworksinthepast.B. Popularity of secondhandbooks.C.Arealbargaininlocalbookstores.D.Anewfashionaboutsecondhandgoods.A. They made furniture not for makingmoney.They sell secondhand jewels as well asfurniture.They

10、 were serious about making furniture forfashion.They devoted themselves to creating real artisticworks.A.Peopleappreciatetherealcraftsoftheoldcraftsmen.Secondhand goods are usually good yet notexpensive.Secondhandstoreswillbecomelessandlessinthefuture.Secondhand goods are more valuable than apartmen

11、thouses.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.A.Acharacterinapopularanimation.C. A teaching tool under development.A.Theyencouragethemtogiveimmediatefeedback.C. They ask them to design their own questions.A. Their sense ofresponsibility.C. The learning strategy acquired.B. A cut

12、ting-edge app in digitalgames.D. A tutor for computer sciencestudents.B. They use various ways to explain the materials.D. They motivate them to think independently.B. Their emotional involvement.D. The teaching experience gained.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.A.They

13、arebothworriedaboutthenegativeimpactoftechnology.Theydiffergreatlyintheirknowledgeofmoderntechnology.They disagree about the future of AItechnology.They work in different fields of AItechnology.A. Stimulatingandmotivating.B. Simply writing AIsoftware.C.Moredemandingandrequiringspecialtraining.D.Less

14、time-consumingandfocusingoncreation.A. There could be jobs nobody wants todo.Digital life could replace humancivilization.Humans would be tired of communicating with oneanother.Old people would be taken care of solely by unfeelingrobots.A. It will be smarter than humanbeings.Chips will be inserted i

15、n humanbrains.It will take away humans jobsaltogether.Life will become like a science fictionfilm.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect. Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegive

16、nword;fortheotherblanks,useone word that best fits eachblank.Something to Boast aboutAre your information data safe and reliable?Inanidealworldsuchdata,howeverinformativeandexploratorytheyare,(21)ascientificstudyisbasedon shouldbe,ifnotpubliclyavailable,thenatleastavailabletootherresearchers.Sadly,t

17、hisisnotalwaysthecase.Manyscientistsarestillquiteunwillingtohavetheirdatarevealedthoughattitudesarechanging.Thisattitude,(22) selfish, is understandable.Butsometimesitcancoveradarkersecret.Thestatisticspresentedinapapermayhavebeencontrolledtoachievea desiredresult.Theauthormay,inotherwords,havecheat

18、ed.Ifhereleasesthedata,thatcheatingwillbeobvious.Now Sean Wilner and his colleagues (23) (come) up with a way of reconstructing all the possible data sets that could have given rise to that result, which includes (24) (release) the data. And they call the way CORVIDS (CompleteRecoveryofValuesinDioph

19、antineSystems).(25)(simplify)the task of spottingabnormaldata,CORVIDS turnsthe possibledata sets into athree-dimensionl維的). s s y unusual patterns . r , y (26) (reconstruct)data set may be missing values at one end of the scale. That might make sense occasionally. Generally, though, such a gap would

20、 be a red flag. It would suggest either that the statistics were reported incorrectly or (27) there were problems with the fundamentaldata.CORVIDS is likely to be (28) immediate value to editors and reviewers at academic journals, who will be able to spot problems with papers early,and so discuss th

21、em with the authors. If an unresolvable problem (29) show up, then the technique can be applied to previous work by the author in question, to see if anything systematic is going on.But its speed makes it a useful first step. If the data sets (30)finds do not show any strange patterns, CORVIDSisunli

22、kelytoshowoddness,either.Anyway, the trustworthiness of scientific papers will take a step up with CORVIDS.原文出處： HYPERLINK /taxonomy/term/76972/url?page=3719 /taxonomy/term/76972/url?page=3719Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only o

23、nce.there is one word more than youneed.Note thatA.A.genuinelyB.pocketC.mass-producedD.seeminglyE.inspirationF.familiarizeG.groupH.encounterI.customaryJ.symbolicK.motivationA Deeper Meaning behind Souvenirs“Nobody sits us down and tells us to collect objects when were young,” writes Rolf Potts, “its

24、 just something we do, as a way to 31 ourselves with the world, its possibilities, and our place in it.”Few of us would call ourselves collectors, but most travelers 32 a seashell from a vacation, or bring a keychain. As Mr. Potts notes in a book called “Souvenir,” there is more to this 33 simple pr

25、actice than meets the eye. For one thing, it can date back to the oldest described journeys, so its a 34 practice that goes back thousands of years. And academic researchers have classified souvenirs - even 35 items like “I Love New York” T-shirts and plastic miniatures of Michelangelos David - into

26、 various categories, likely unknown to manytravelers.Which categories do the things weve bought or found in our travels fall into? Further, whats 36 behind our need to bring homesouvenirs?Over time, intellectual curiosity became the driving 37 for personal travel. Yet even as travelers began collect

27、inghistoricalandscientificsouvenirs,notjustreligiousitems,thethingstheybroughthomestoodforfeelingsfor holyobjects.Scholars 38 these souvenirs into different buckets, including “markers” (location branded items like T-shirts and teacups), “pictorial images” (postcards and posters), and “ 39 landmarks

28、” (for example, Statue of Liberty key chains), with the latter two categories symbolizing, though not exclusive to, mass tourism.In the end, “Souvenir” suggests that its meaning is not fixed because its importance to the owner can change over time and that its significance is closely related to the

29、travelers identity. Mr. Potts himself has had plenty of souvenirs, things that remind him not merely of the places hes been and the extraordinary 40 between him and local people, but of former life phases. “When we collect souvenirs,” he writes, “we do so not to evaluate the world, but to tell the s

30、elf.”原文出處： HYPERLINK /2018/04/06/travel/souvenirs-101.html /2018/04/06/travel/souvenirs-101.htmlReading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in eachblank with the word or phrase that best fits the context

31、.Researchers have found that urban heat island effect made worse by sunbaked roads can be relieved by a simple measure: Paint the streets gray.A study by Arizona State University found that41a reflective, gray-colored material to black asphalt（柏油）resultedina10.5-to-12-degreeFahrenheitdropinaveragero

32、adsurfacetemperatures.Meanwhile,sunrisetemperatures 42an average 2.4-degreedrop.“This is exactly what we were hoping for,” Phoenix Mayor Kate Gallego said. “Its exciting to see a technology that has the potential to meet the demands of a growing desert city in a world where temperatures are 43 risin

33、g.”Experts say road temperatures in the Phoenix area can rise to 180 degrees on a hot day. That 44 energy remains in paved surfaces for hours, radiating heat back into nighttime air. Higher overnight temperatures result in warmer mornings, creating a 45 of urban heat island effect.Researchers found

34、as well that the greatest temperature 46 was near the road surface, with less dramatic results 6feetabovetheground.Evenso,theneighborhoodswithstreetsreflectinglightexperiencedairtemperatures0.3-to-0.5 degree cooler compared with neighborhoods with 47 roads.But reflective pavements dont affect all su

35、rfaces the same way. Researchers said that “the most meaningful measurement” was of radiant temperatures, a measure of how the body 48 heat. Those measurements showed that the “human experience of heat 49 at noon and the afternoon hours was higher due to surface reflectivity.” Its beennoted t e e n

36、50 s y be anecessary fa reflective surface.”妥協(xié)oreduce e s usingHeather Murphy, a spokesperson for the Transportation Department, said the response has been 51 from drivers and residents in neighborhoods where the material is applied. “We have had some people who dont like the look of it, but general

37、ly the response has been very 52 ”.Still, officials cautioned that reflective pavement is not a remedy for the urban heat island effect.“If youre standing over these surfaces on a hot day, 53 , youre still going to be hot if youre not in the shade,” said Jennifer Vanos, an assistant professor at Ari

38、zona State University. “So if we really want to 54 true solutions, its not going to be just painting all the streets gray.”A second phase of the study will examine questions about how the material performs under different 55 , including changes in reflectivity, degradation and subsurface temperature

39、 over longer periods.A.applyingA.occurredA.efficientlyA.generatedA.cycleA.balanceA.gray-paintedA.reflectsA.extentA.feltA.instantA.optimisticA. infactA. putdownA.variations原文出處：B. stickingB. provedB. constantlyB. heatedB.declineB.controlB.light-coloredB.transmitsB.exposureB. heatedB. all-sidedB. posi

40、tiveB. as a resultB. hold upB. conditionsC. approachingC. turnedC. technicallyC. absorbedC. sampleC. differenceC. black-toppedC. resistsC. absorptionC. storedC. objectiveC. pessimisticC.ontheotherhandC. push towardC. circulationsD. contributingD. sawD. specificallyD. calculatedD. varietyD. equalityD

41、. dry-surfacedD. experiencesD. enduranceD. neededD. mixedD. obviousD. for one thingD. take backD. investigations HYPERLINK /article/to-beat-the-heat-phoenix-paints-its-streets-gray/ /article/to-beat-the-heat-phoenix-paints-its-streets-gray/Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each

42、 passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformation given in the passage you have justread.(A)All Miss Price had been told about the new boy was that hed spent most of his life in some ki

43、nd of orphanage, and that the gray-haired “aunt and uncle” with whom he now lived were really foster parents ( 養(yǎng) 父 母 ), paid by the Welfare Department of the City of New York. A less devoted teacher might have pressed for more details, but Miss Price was content with the rough outline. It was enough

44、 to fill her with a sense of mission that shone from her eyes, from the first morning he joined the fourth grade.Hearrivedearlyandsatinthebackrow,hisbackboneverystraight,hisanklescrossedpreciselyunderthedeskand hishandsfoldedonthecenterofitstop,andwhiletheotherchildren werefillingin,hereceivedalong,

45、expressionless stare from each ofthem.“We have a new classmate this morning,” Miss Price said, “His name is Vincent Sabella, and he comes from New York City. I know well all do our best to make him feel athome.”This time they all swung around to stare at once, which caused him to duck his head sligh

46、tly and shift his weight fromonesidetotheother.Ordinarily,thefactofsomeonescomingfromNewYorkmighthaveheldacertainstatus,for tomostofthechildrenthecitywasafrightening,adultplacethatswalloweduptheirfatherseveryday.Butanyonecould see at a glance that Vincent Sabella had nothing to do with it. Even if y

47、ou could ignore his twisted black hair and gray skin, his clothes would have given him away: ridiculously new pants, ridiculously old sports shoes and a yellow sweatshirt,muchtoosmall,withthefadedremainsofaMickeyMousedesignstampedonitschest.The girls decided that he wasnt very nice and turned away,

48、but the boys remained in their inspection, looking him up and down with faint smiles. This was the kind of kid they were accustomed to thinking of as “tough,” the kind whose stare has made all of them uncomfortable at one time or another in unfamiliar neighborhoods; here was a unique chance for reve

49、nge.WhatcanyoulearnaboutMissPriceandVincentfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?Sincenobody hadeverseenVincentsparents,henowlivedallbyhimself.Miss Price knew Vincent so well that shed like to focus every bit of attention on him.MissPricedidntknowmuchaboutVincent,butthatdidntstopherwantingtocareabouthim.Vincent

50、satinthebackrowsoasnottoarouseanyunnecessaryattentioncausedbyhislatearrival.Whydoestheauthormention“NewYork”inthethirdandthefourthparagraphs?ToillustrateVincentsdistantorigin.Todemonstratechildrensdesiretogotoseetheirfathers.ToemphasizeVincentslowsocialstatusfromhisshabbyclothes.Tostateacertaindisti

51、nctionbetweenVincentandpeoplesimagination.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeVincent?Devotedbutshy.B. Nervous anduneasy.C. Untalkativeandtough.D. Sensitive butunfortunate.WhatcanyouinferfromthetextaboutVincentsnewclassmates?They were either unconcerned or unfriendly towardhim.Theyusedtoconsiderp

52、eoplelikeVincenttobeverytough.Theybarelynoticedthenewboysittinginthebackoftheclassroom.Theywereverycuriousaboutthenewcomerinakindandconsideratemanner.原文出處： HYPERLINK /2000/10/doctor-jack-o-lantern/ /2000/10/doctor-jack-o-lantern/(B)HARRY POTTER AND THE FORBIDDEN JOURNEYUniversal Studio ResortMake yo

53、ur way through the classrooms and corridors of Hogwarts. Then rocket above the castle grounds on a groundbreaking new ride that lets you join Harry Potter and his friends on an unforgettably thrilling adventure.Ourgoalistoensurethateveryoneisabletomakewellinformeddecisionsabouttheirabilitytosafely,c

54、omfortably, and conveniently experience each of ourattractions.CAUTION:This ride imitates dramatic aerobatics and includes sudden acceleration, stopping, turning, climbing, and dropping.Failure to follow posted guidelines may result in serious injury or expulsion (驅(qū)逐) from the park.Attractionisnotal

55、lowedforGuestswithahistoryofheartconditionsorabnormalbloodpressure.AttractionisnotallowedforGuestswithback,neck,orsimilarphysicalconditions.Expectant mothers are not allowed on thisattraction.AttractionisnotrecommendedforGuestseasilyinfluencedtomotionsicknessordizziness.Attractionisnotrecommendedfor

56、Guestswhohavefearofenclosedspaces.AttractionisnotallowedforGuestswithrecentsurgeryorotherconditionsthatmaybeworsenedbythisride.Prosthetic limbs ( 義 肢 ) must be secured to prevent hazards or loss due to ride forces. Please see an attendant for assistance.Guests under 122cm may notride.Weight not to e

57、xceed 136kg.Thisattractioncannotaccommodateguidedogs.Aportablepetcageisavailableuponrequest.TO AVOIDSERIOUS INJURY:Remainseatedwithyourheadfirmlyagainsttheheadrest.Keep hands and feet inside thevehicle.Hold onto shoulder restraints at alltimes.No Photography or VideoRecording.Maximum capacity 4perso

58、ns.Keepsafelyallloosearticles(phones,hats,glasses,video-recordingequipment,cameras,wallets,keys,etc.)inthe lockers provided or leave with anon-rider.No eating, drinking, orsmoking.In the passage, the underlined word aerobatics is closest in meaning to “.”violentmovementsB. plungingactivitiesC.increa

59、singridesD. rapidactionsWhatisaproperbehaviorduringridesaccordingtothegiveninformation?Guests must keep cameras inside their pockets orbags.Childrenwhoareunderacertainagearenotallowedonthisride.Peoplewithprostheticlimbsshouldremovethembeforetheridesoasnottolosethem.Peoplewithvisualsicknessneedtokeep

60、theirguidedogswiththemallthewaythroughtheride.WherewouldthispagemostprobablybefoundontheUniversalStudiohomepage?GuestServicesB.AboutUsC. ThingstoDoD.PlanYourVisit原文出處： HYPERLINK /universal-orlando-resort/islands-of-adventure/ /universal-orlando-resort/islands-of-adventure/(C)Fewer than 400 North Atl