考研英語真題英語一真題

1、考研英語真題英語一真題完整版ctionsRead the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “relatedas fourthcousins, sharing about1%of genes.That is_(1)_a study, published fromthe University of California

2、and Yale University in the ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyof Sciences, has (2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted_(3)_ 1,932 unique subjects which (4)p airs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1%may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a genetic

3、ist. As James Fowler,professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego,says,“Most people do noteven_(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friendsthe people who_(8)_our kin.The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something sharedin friends but not genes for immunity.Why this

4、similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain,for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests,itdraws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it.There could be manymechanisms working together that _ (12)_us in choosing geneticallysimilar friends_(13)_ functional Kinshipof being friendsOneof

5、 the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seemto be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_whyhuman evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years,with socialenvironment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply exp lain people s_(18)_to befriend t

6、hoseof similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjectswere drawn from a population of European extraction,care was takento_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1.A whenB whyC howD what2.AdefendedBconcludedC withdrawnDadvised3.AforB

7、withC on D by5.AtestsBsCsamplesD examples6.A insignificant B unexpected Cunbelievable D incredible7.AvisitB missCseek D know8.AresembleB influence C favorD surpass9.A again Balso C instead D thus10.A Meanwhile B Furthermore C Likewise D Perhaps11.Aabout B to Cfrom Dlike12.AdriveBobserveC confuse Dli

8、mit13.A according to B rather than C regardless of D along withAchances Bresponses Cmissions DbenefitsterDearlierAforecastBremember Cunderstand Dexpress17.A unpredictable Bcontributory C controllableDveavorBdecisionCarrangementDtendency19.A politicalBreligious C ethnicD economic20.AseeBshowC prove D

9、 tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ActionsRead the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,Cor D.Mark youranswersonANSWER SHEET.(40 points)King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings dont abdicate,dare in theytheir sleep.“But embarrassing scandals and the p

10、opularity of thee monarchscontinuingpopularitypolarizedAndalso,the Middle EastheworldwithiroubtedlyhaveadownsideSymbolicofnational unity as they claim to be, their very history -and sometimes theway they behave today -embodies outdated and indefensible privileges andwarning of rising inequality and

11、the increasing power of inherited walth etheesaristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles,not horses(or helicopters). Even so,these are wealthy families who partywith the international 1%,and media intrusiveness inrnglybesmartenoughtosurvivefor sometime to come,it is th

12、e British royals who have most to fear fro It is only the Queenwho has preserved the monarchys reputation withher rather ordinary(if well-heeled)granny style.The danger will comewith Charles,who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a prettyhierarchical view of the world.He has failed to unde

13、rstand thatmonarchies have largely survived because they provide a service - asnon-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to knowthat as English history shows,it is kings,not republicans, who are themonarchy s worst enemies.21.According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan C

14、arlos of Spain23.Which of the following is shown to be odd,according to Paragraphileges24. The British royals “have most to fear because CharlesA takes a dstoSucceedtotheThronehreatsTEXTs arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain fromasweeping ruling,rrestIt is hard,the state argues,for ju

15、dges to assess the implications ofThe court would be recklessly modest if it followed California sadvice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so ththe justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyersand defendants.exploring the contents of a smartphone-a vas

16、t storehouse of digitalinform ation is similar to say,going through a suspect s purse.The courtthrough the wallet or porcketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant Butexploring one s smartphone is more like enter ing his or her home.Asmartphone may contain an arrestee s reading history ,financial his

17、tory,development of “cloud computing.meanwhile,has madethat explorationso much the easier.But the justices should not swallow California s argument whole. New,Constitutions protections.Orin Kerr,alaw professor,compares thein the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal26.Th

18、e Supreme court,will work out whether,during an arrest,egitimatetoAsearch for suspects mobile phones without a warrant.Bcheck suspects phone contents without being authorized.27.The author s attitude toward California s argument is one ofAtoleranceCdisapprovalDcautiousness28.The authorb elieves that

19、exploring one bletoA getting into one s residence.Bhanding one s historical records.C scanning one s correspondences.D going through one s wallet.InParagraphand6,the author shows his concern thationDcitizens privacy is not effective protected.ion(C)California s argument violates principles of the Co

20、nstitution.dText 3to its peer-review process,editor-in-chiefMarciaMIcNuttannounced today.Thespreadtoricanfor additional scrutiny by the journal s internal editors,or by itsexisting Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. TheSBoREpanel will thenfind external statisticians to review t

21、hese manus.said: “The creation of the statistics board was motivated by concernsbroadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientificresearch and is part of Science s overall drive to increase groupsaysheexpectstheboardto“play primarily an advisory role.”He agreed to join becaus

22、e he “found and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be throughthe publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger groupScience. ”Afoundrevised33 、Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoREyCincreaseSciences circulation.s34 David Vaux holds

23、that what Scienceis doing nowA.adds to researchers worklosd.theroleofreviewersC.has room for further improvement.D.is to fail in the foreseeable future.tCDataAnalysis Finds Its Way onto Editors D. DesksTwo years ago,Rupert Murdoch s daughter ,Elisabeth,spoke of theosssomanyofourinstitutions Integrit

24、y had collapsed,she argued,because of allectiveacceptancethattheonlysortingmechanisminsocietyshould be profit and the market .But “its us ,human beings,we thepeople who create the society we want,not profitDriving her point home,she continued: “Its increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose,o

25、f a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalismand freedom.”This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International,shield thought,making it more likely thatit would lose its way as it had with widesprea

26、d illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludes -finding guilty ones-editor of theNewsof the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the samecharge -the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill,Journalists are

27、 known tohave hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people.This is hacking on anindustrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire,the man hiredby the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In manyrespects,the dearth of m

28、oral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial tookplaceOneoftheastonishingrevelations was how little Rebekah Brooksknew of what went on in her newsroom,wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wowthe stories arrived.

29、The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today s world, title has becomenormal that well - paid executivesshould not be accountable for what happensin the organizations that theyrun perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, th ltdoctrine has been that the sortin

30、g mechanism of society should be profit.The words that have mattered are efficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,business -friendly,wealth generation,sales,impact and,innewspapers,circulation.Words degraded to the margin have been justicefairnesstoleranceproportionalityandaccountability.The purpose

31、of editing the Newsof the World wasnot to promote readerunderstanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any commonhumanity.It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact.Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalistsgot their stories, but she asked no

32、questions, gave no instructions - norreceived traceable,recorded answers.36.According to the first two paragraphs,Elisabeth was upset bymBcompaniesfinanciallossdueto immoral practices.Cgovernmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.eylectivedoctrineDarigidmoral cotetionsIn the following text, somesent

33、ences have been removed.For QuestionsiceswhichdonotfitinanyranswersonANSWERSHEETpointsHowdoes your reading proceed?Clearly youtry to comprehend,in the ledgeofindofspeecheventisinvolved.Who is making the utterance,to whom,when and prehension.But they show comprehension to consist not just of passivea

34、ssimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. Conceived in this way,comprehension will not follow exactly the samengthatcanbereadoffandcheckedfor Such background material inevitably reflects who we are.(44) This doesn t, however,make interpretation merely relative or evenpoi

35、ntless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods,places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readingssHowwereadagiventextalsodependsto someextent on our particular doesntthen necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advancederIdeallydifferent

36、mindsofreadingntA Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way thatfulfills the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimmingit for information? Waysof reading on a train or in bed are likely to differconsiderably from reading in a seminar room.B Factors such as

37、 the place and period in which we are reading,our gender, ethnicity,age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.CIf you unfamiliar with words or idioms,you guess at their using meaning,clues presented in the context.On

38、the assumption that they willbecome relevant later,you make a mental note of discourse entities aswell as possible links between them.D In effect, youtry to reconstruct the likely meanings or effectsthat any given sentence,image or reference might have had:Thesemight be the ones the author intended.

39、isofapersonalchtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsibleslationctionsRead the following text carefully and then translate theunderlined segmentsinto Chinese.Yourtranslation should be writtenclearly on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Within the span of a hundred years,in the seventeenth and earlyeighteenth centuries,a tide of emigration 一one of the great folk wanderings of history -swept from Europe to America.46)This movement,driven