初中英語(yǔ)人教版知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、初中英語(yǔ)人教版知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)一般此刻時(shí)的用法1）常常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻腮度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):every，sometimes,at，onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.客觀真諦，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。Theearthmovesaroundthesun。ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.表示格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall。驕者必?cái)?。注意：此用法假如出此刻賓語(yǔ)從句中,即使主句是過去時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般此刻時(shí).例：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround。.4）此刻

2、時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。Idontwantsomuch。AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell。比較：NowIputthesugarinthecup.Iamdoingmyhomeworknow。第一句用一般此刻時(shí),用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行的瞬時(shí)動(dòng)作.再如：Nowwatchme,Iswitchonthecurrentandstandback.第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)記,表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀情況，所以后句用一般此刻時(shí).2。一般過去時(shí)的用法1）在確立的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:yesterday,

3、lastweek，anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。Wheredidyougojustnow？2）表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi),常常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet。WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.3）句型:Itistimeforsb。todosth到”時(shí)間了”該了”Itistimesb。didsth。時(shí)間已遲了”早該了”Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你該睡覺了.Itistimeyouw

4、enttobed.你早該睡覺了。would(had)rathersb.didsth。表示甘愿某人做某事Idratheryoucametomorrow.wish，wonder,think,hope等用過去時(shí)，作嘗試性的咨詢、乞求、建議等。Ithoughtyoumighthavesome.我認(rèn)為你想要一些。比較:一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去,現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在.Christinewasaninvalidallherlife。(含義：她已不在人間。）Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife。（含義：她此刻還活著）Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyfor

5、sevenyears。（含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears。（含義：此刻還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離開)注意：用過去時(shí)表示此刻，表示委宛語(yǔ)氣。1）動(dòng)詞want，hope,wonder，think，intendDidyouwantanythingelse？等。Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.2)神態(tài)動(dòng)詞could，would。Couldyoulendmeyourbike？3.usedto/beusedtousedto+do：過去常常表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但此刻已不存在。Motherused

6、nottobesoforgetful。Scarfusedtotakeawalk.(過去常常漫步)beusedto+doing：對(duì)已感覺習(xí)慣，或習(xí)慣于”，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.（此刻習(xí)慣于漫步)典型例題-Yourphonenumberagain-Its69568442。A。didntB。couldntC.don？I_quitecatchit。tcanDt。答案A.本句雖沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但從語(yǔ)意上看這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，所以應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。4.一般未來時(shí)1)shall用于第一人稱，常被wi

7、ll所取代。出，在聽的時(shí)候沒有聽懂will在陳說句頂用于各人稱，在爭(zhēng)求建議常常用于第二人稱。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst.Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening？begoingto+不定式，表示未來。a。主語(yǔ)的企圖,立刻做某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?b.計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。有跡象要發(fā)生的事be+不定式表未來，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事.WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.4）beaboutto+

8、不定式，意為立刻做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.注意：beaboutto不可以與tomorrow，nextweek等表示明確未來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.5.begoingto/will用于條件句時(shí)，begoingto表未來will表意愿Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,youdbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible。Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes，wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.6.beto和begoingtobeto表示客觀安

9、排或受人指示而做某事。begoingto表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃.Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon。(客觀安排)Imgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.（主觀安排）7。一般此刻時(shí)表未來1)以下動(dòng)詞：come,go，arrive，leave,start，begin,return的一般此刻時(shí)表未來.這主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確立或安排好的事情。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstar？Itstarsintenminutes.2）倒裝句,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,如：Here

10、comesthebus。=Thebusiscoming。Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing。3）在時(shí)間或條件句中。WhenBillcomes（不是willcome），askhimtowaitforme.IllwriteotyouassoonasIarrivethere。4）在動(dòng)詞hope，takecarethat，makesurethat等后。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek。Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom。11。用于此刻完成時(shí)的句型1）Itisthefirs

11、t/secondtime結(jié).構(gòu)that中的從句部分，用此刻完成時(shí)。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity。Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate。2）Thisisthethat結(jié)構(gòu),that從句要用此刻完成時(shí)。ThisisthebestfilmthatI（everve）seen。這是我看過的最好的電影.Thisisthefirsttime（that)Iveheardhimsing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。典型例題(1）-Doyouknowourtownatall?-No，thisisthefirsttimeI_here

12、。A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD。amcoming答案B.Thisisthefirsttime后邊所加從句應(yīng)為此刻完成時(shí),應(yīng)選B.2)-Haveyou_beentoourtownbefore?-No，itstheirstftimeI_here。A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC。ever，comeD.ever，havecome答案D.ever意為以前或不管何時(shí)，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時(shí)。ThisisthelargestfishIhaveeverseen。Itis/wasthefirsttime+thatclause的句型中,從句要用完成時(shí).注意：

13、非連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示連續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用的狀態(tài)是可以連續(xù)的。（錯(cuò)）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth。（對(duì)）Ihaventreceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.12。比較since和forSince用來說明動(dòng)作開頭時(shí)間，for用來說明動(dòng)作連續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears。IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinaclinicsince1949。Somenewoilfieldshavebeenopenedupsince1976.I

14、haveknownXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.MybrotherhasbeenintheYouthLeaguefortwoyears。Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生注意：并不是有for作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用此刻完成時(shí)。Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears。(我此刻已不在這里工作。）Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears。（此刻我仍在這里工作.）小訣竅：當(dāng)此刻完成時(shí)+一段時(shí)間,這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,我們用下邊的公式轉(zhuǎn)變，很簡(jiǎn)單就能消除非連續(xù)動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中的誤使。1)(對(duì)）To

15、mhasstudiedRussianforthreeyears。=TombegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago，andisstillstudyingitnow.2）（錯(cuò))Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears。Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.明顯,第二句不對(duì)，它應(yīng)改為Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago.或Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.13。since的四種用法1)since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(如具體的年、月、日

16、期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980，lastmonth，halfpastsix)。Ihavebeenheresince1989.2)since+一段時(shí)間+agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.3）since+從句Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft。Considerabletimehaselapsedsincewehavebeenhere。4）Itis+一段時(shí)間+since從句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾各種類1）主語(yǔ)句中有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：Hesawheri

17、ntheshopyesterday。Shewasseenintheshopyesterday.2）主語(yǔ)有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)LiLeigavemeachemistrybook.IwasgivenachemistrybookbyLiLei。AchemistrybookwasgiventomebyLiLei.3）主動(dòng)句中含賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的句子的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)若賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是不帶to的不定式，變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，該不定式前要加”to?！贝祟悇?dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞：feel，hear，help,listento，lookat，make，observe，see,notice,watchTheteachermademegoouto

18、ftheclassroom.-Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacherWesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.-Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground.若賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是帶to的不定式，那么被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)仍儲(chǔ)存to:MothertoldmenottobelateIwastoldnottobelatebymother。）。5）神態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞,構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.6）表示”據(jù)

19、說”或相信的詞組believe，consider，declare,expect，feel，report,say，see，suppose,think，understandItissaidthat據(jù)說Itisreportedthat據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)Itisbelievedthat大家相信Itishopedthat大家希望Itiswellknownthat盡人皆知Itisthoughtthat大家認(rèn)為Itissuggestedthat據(jù)建議Itistakengrantedthat被視為自然Ithasbeendecidedthat大家決定Itmustberememberthat務(wù)必記住的是Itissaidtha

20、tshewillleaveforWuhanonTuesday。14。連續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞用于完成時(shí)的差異連續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不可以與表示段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.Hehascompletedthework.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作.(表結(jié)果）Iveknownhimsincethen。我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。（表經(jīng)歷）2)用于till/until從句的差異連續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于一定句，表示做直到瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞用于否定句，表示”到，才”Hedidntcomebackuntiltenoclock.他到10點(diǎn)才回來。Hesleptuntiltenoclock.他向來睡到10點(diǎn).典型例題1.Youdontne

21、edtodescribeher。I_herseveraltimes.A.hadmetB。havemetC。metD.meet答案B。第一本題后句重申對(duì)此刻的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描畫.再次,severaltimes見告為屢屢發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,所以用此刻完成時(shí).2.-Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.-Oh,notatall。I_hereonlyafewminutes。A.havebeenB.hadbeenC。wasD。willbe答案A。等候的動(dòng)作由過去開始，連續(xù)到此刻，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)。不定式作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+不定式affordaimappearagreearrangeaskbedecideb

22、othercarechoosecomedaredemanddesiredetermineexpectelectendeavorhopefailhappenhelphesitatelearnlongmeanmanageofferoughtplanpreparepretendpromiserefuseseemtendwaitwishundertake舉例:Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime。司機(jī)沒能及時(shí)看見另一輛車。Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion。我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。2)動(dòng)詞+不定式；動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式ask

23、,beg，choose,expect，hate,helpintendlike,love，needprefer，prepare,promise，want，wishIliketokeepeverythingtidy.我喜愛每件東西都保持整齊。Ilikeyoutokeepeverythingtidy.我喜愛你年使每件東西都保持整齊。IwanttospeaktoTom.我想和湯姆發(fā)言。IwantyoutospeaktoTom。我想讓你和湯姆發(fā)言.3）動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+todecide，know,considerforget,learn,remember，show，understand，see，wonder

24、,hear,findout,explain,tellPleaseshowushowtodothat。請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ?。TherearesomanykindsoftaperecordersonsalethatIcantmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定想法買哪一種。注意：疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice。問題是如何把它付諸實(shí)行。2。不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)1）動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式(todo）adviseallowappointbelievecausechallengecommandc

25、ompelconsiderdeclaredriveenableencouragefindforbidforceguesshireimagineimpelinduceinforminstructinvitejudgeknowlikeorderpermitpersuaderemindreportrequestrequireselectsendstatesupposetellthinktraintrustunderstandurgewarn例句:a.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet。父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚湘覒颉。Webelievehimtobeguilty.我

26、們相信他是有罪的。Find的特別用法：Find后可用分詞做賓補(bǔ)，或先加形式賓語(yǔ)，再加形容詞，最后加帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式.find后也可帶一個(gè)從句.此類動(dòng)詞還有g(shù)et，have。Ifoundhimlyingontheground.Ifounditimportanttolearn。IfoundthattolearnEnglishisimportant.典型例題：Thenextmorningshefoundtheman_inbed，dead。A.lyingB.lieC。layD。laying答案：A.find的賓語(yǔ)后邊,用分詞或分詞短語(yǔ),起賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作用.此刻分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng)，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表達(dá)

27、被動(dòng)。to+be的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。Acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare(宣稱），discover,fancy（假想)，feelfind,guess,judge，imagine，know，prove,see(理解），show，suppose，take(認(rèn)為），understandWeconsiderTomtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。典型例題CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer。A。toinvent

28、B.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented答案：A.由considertodosth。消除B、D。.此句只說明發(fā)明這一個(gè)事實(shí)，不定式后用原形即可。而C為此刻完成時(shí),發(fā)明為點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞一般不用完成時(shí)，且此處也不重申對(duì)此刻的影響，所以不選C。3）tobe+形容詞Seem,appear,besaid,besupposed,bebelieved,bethought，beknown,bereported,hope,wish,desire,want，plan,expect,meanThebookisbelievedtobeuninteresting.人們認(rèn)為這本書沒什

29、么意思4)therebe+不定式.believe,expect,intend,like，love，mean，prefer，want,wish，undrstandWedidntexpecttheretobesomanypeoplethere。我們沒想到會(huì)有那么多人在哪里.注意：有些動(dòng)詞需用as短語(yǔ)做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，如regard，thinkbelieve,take,consider。WeregardTomasourbestteacher。我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。Marytookhimasherfather。瑪麗把他看作自己的父親。不定式作主語(yǔ)1)Itseasy(forme）todothat.我做這事

30、太簡(jiǎn)單了easy，difficult,hard，important，possible，impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;thefirst，thenext,thelast,thebest,toomuch,toolittle,notenoughItssonicetohearyourvoice.聽到你的聲音真快樂。Itsnecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit。當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必需的。2)Itsverykindofyoutohelpus他.幫助我們,他真好.Kind，nice,stupid，rude，clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtlessconsiderate(考慮周密的)，silly,selfish(自私的），brave,例句：Itwassillyofustobelievehim。我們真愚笨，居然相信了他。Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything。他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。注意:1)其余系動(dòng)詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型2）不定式作為句子成分時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。3）當(dāng)不定式作主語(yǔ)的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不可以用Itisto的句