物流成本控制研究【外文翻譯】

1、外文翻譯原文Logistics Cost Control ResearchMaterial Source:/ Author: Alan C. McKinnonAbstract: based on the status of Chinas logistics cost is exorbitant, the author expounds the logistics cost control type, currently lack of logistics cost control, this paper discusses a comprehensive logistics cost cont

2、rol, supply chain logistics cost of integrated control, based on the information technology logistics cost control strategy, puts forward the main ways of logistics cost control.Keywords: logistics cost; Control strategies; wayAlong with the development of economic globalization and market competiti

3、on intensifies, logistics management is committed to as low as possible logistics cost, to provide users with a high level of logistics services. Our logistics cost significantly higher than the European and American countries, thus continuously reduce logistics cost, strengthen the logistics cost c

4、ontrol is our objective in the face of a very serious problem, but also urgent need to address the problem. Logistics cost control type enterprise logistics cost control have four types: the whole management process of the logistics cost control - beforehand, course and afterwards the logistics cost

5、 control, the forming process of logistics cost control - supply, production, sales and reverse logistics cost control, logistics service functions cost control, packing, loading/unloading, transportation, warehousing, distribution processing, distribution and believeCoupon processing logistics cost

6、 control, logistics cost constitutes the logistics cost control project - cost of raw materials, labor, fuel, poor travelling expenses, office, depreciation, interest charges, entrust logistics fee and other logistics cost control.The logistics cost control shortageAt present, the logistics cost con

7、trol key excessively focused on logistics activity or fastening on logistics functions itself, from logistics operation process compressed cost; Meanwhile, the consignor shall not reduce logistics companies require the logistic service level practitioners healing, which makes the logistics operation

8、. Analysis of the composition of the logistics cost, it is not hard to find, the logistics cost is not only the logistics operation process itself what happened, but also related to the cost of other factors have close relations, such as social macroscopical logistics system of perfect degree, publi

9、c information platform horizontal, the enterprise strategic options, the enterprise marketing strategy, the management level of the enterprise, the enterprise informationization, enterprise standardization construction etc, therefore only from the management process or logistics activity itself cont

10、rol the logistics cost, it is difficult to radically reduce logistics costs, or cannot improve the efficiency of the whole logistics system, to logistics system optimization, reduce logistics cost purposes. So, in the research the logistics cost control from the macroscopical logistics system, and m

11、icro logistics system, logistics information technology application comprehensive logistics aspects of cost control analysis. Logistics cost control strategy analysis of Chinas GDP logistics cost about the 16.5 percent, far higher than the European and American countries. Analyses the main reason fo

12、r the logistics cost is high, one is our country hasnt a comparatively perfect advanced social logistics system, 2 it is industry logistics system service level is low, third party logistics service level three is low, and the fourth is enterprises informatization level is low. To radically reduce l

13、ogistics costs, the need for a comprehensive logistics cost control, supply chain logistics cost control and the integration of information technology based on logistics cost control.(1)A comprehensive logistics cost controlA comprehensive logistics cost control includes three levels: social logisti

14、cs cost control, trade logistics cost control, the enterprise logistics system cost control. Social logistics system (circulation network) is the lifeblood of national economy, the logistics system planning, distribution channels of the rationality of the influence of the logistics cost clear is ver

15、y important. Must be on social logistics system are scientific planning and effective management, the use of advanced logistics technology means to ensure the entire logistics system with high efficiency and low cost of logistics operation and achieve the economic benefit and social benefit. Industr

16、y logistics system cost control involving industry logistics cost of systematic control, main content includes: construction common parts warehouse, implement joint distribution; Effective use of various transportation means; Old and new equipment and parts established the common circulation center;

17、 Establish the logistics technology training center, unified training operator and maintenance personnel; The unified industry equipment lawsCase, the unified subpoena, unified commodity specification, unified regulations policy, unified tray specifications, showcases and packing modular, etc. Conti

18、nue to promote industry logistics systems rationalization, standardization, realize industry logistics system optimization, to logistics cost effective control. Enterprise logistics cost control is the integration of enterprise logistics cost control, such as manufacturing enterprise supply logistic

19、s, production, logistics and distribution logistics, reverse logistics comprehensive control of cost. Calling for a consistent with corporate strategy, the logistics strategy of enterprise logistics system design, different functional departments close cooperation, achieve enterprise between the who

20、le logistics system, high efficiency and low costs.Supply chain logistics cost integrated controlSupply chain logistics cost is fully integrated control, using the theory and method of supply chain management, supply chain link together every nodal enterprise from the supply source, final consumptio

21、n began to source of logistics network planning and logistics activity throughout the supply chain, from channel design activities grasp logistics system, realize the minimum inventory throughout the supply chain, to supply chain logistics optimization.Supply chain logistics cost control is the inte

22、gration of enterprise logistics cost control more advanced stage, the effect also will become more prominent.Based on the information technology logistics cost controlInformation technology promoted the development of modern logistics industry and improve the efficiency of the logistics operation, r

23、ealized the logistics cost effective control. The advantageof using network, informationization, through the entire logistics system, optimize resource integration for social logistics system provides for the carrier, Shared interaction enterprise to provide high quality, high level of value-added s

24、ervice, improve the utilization rate of logistics resources, to realize the optimization of logistics system to the whole logistics process works, the low costs.Modern communications technology and network technology development and application, make cross-regional timely information exchange and tr

25、ansmission become possible; Online payment is to become a reality, constructing cross-regional logistics information system, make logistics operation in wide range, and gradually reduce logistics cost. The information technology to the logistics cost control flow of have the decisive effect: replace

26、d the parts logistics, shorten the distance of the carriage of goods, reducing the average of the logistics capability of marginal demand and resource demand elasticity, accelerate the mail non-food tendency. With the information technology of wide application in logistics industry, the logistics in

27、formation technology economy will be more apparent.The logistics cost systematic control the main wayOn the regional logistics planning and joint distribution across regions. Logistics infrastructure resources is a national, regional extremely scarce resources, build a national, regional logistics s

28、ystem, need the investment. Even trillions billions At present, various provinces, cities, and local logistics planning the majority in various provinces, cities, and local primarily, lack of regional cooperation. Must break is bounded by administrative regions of the logistics planning, change the

29、fragmented situation, avoid logistics infrastructure structure and functions, redundant construction coordination agency established logistics planning, related area development and reform commission, transportation department, the railway departments, economic and trade commission departments joint

30、 participation, actively carry out regional logistics planning or cross regional logistics planning and construction, realizes the area and across the region, forming radiation joint distribution of the whole society and distribution networks.Accelerate industry logistics standardization constructio

31、n and logistics integration. Currently existing industry logistics the fundamental problem is the low degree of the industry logistics standardization and diversified management,small, lead to the logistics cost is too high. Logistics standardization including Java commodity packaging, logistics inf

32、ormation, seriation, loading and unloading of the barcode operation, transportation, storage ChanYuanHua containers. Should be in accordancewith international practice and the national popular standard, regulating the logistics facilities standardsformulated relevant technical logistics facilities a

33、nd equipment, to industry logistics into standard terms, unified technical standard and technical management standards. To industry logistics system integration, through transforming, optimizing industry logistics system, establish trade logistics center or comprehensive logistics center, make indus

34、try logistics to scale the direction of development, thus obtains logistics scale, reduce logistics cost.Speed up enterprise informatization construction and social public information system construction. For many enterprise speaking, at present the enterprise supply logistics, production, logistics

35、 and distribution logistics etc in a relatively independent operation state, the integrated operation level is low, and the main reason is that our country enterprises informatization level is low. Perfect and effective information system is enterprise logistics cost supply chain logistics cost inte

36、gration based and key control. The enterprise information process is enterprise management mode innovation process, is a resource driven by demand drive management mode to the process of the management mode changesis fore-and-aft function management, to horizontal business process management transfo

37、rmation process. No perfect information system, enterprise departments, and each link information became island, there is no enterprise management, the efficiency of the logistics cost of the integration of more no control. Informatization construction is a systems engineering, cannot overnight, nee

38、d enterprise information strategy, informatization execution, information technology, a set of effective implementation plan, and constantly improve information system.Meanwhile, gradually establish social public information system, including road traffic intelligent information system, customs clea

39、rance information management system, port maritime information management system, such as industrial information system of public information system. With the improvement of social informatization level, depending on perfect and efficient information system continuously improve operation efficiency,

40、 reduce logistics in China logistics costs, significantly, the logistics cost will share information brings us the huge economic benefits. Speed up enterprise logistics outsourcing and development of the third party logistics. Enterprise take various forms of logistics outsourcing is effective to re

41、duce logistics cost, improve enterprise core competitive power in an effective way. Many European countries that logistics outsourcing of enterprise success, logistics outsourcing for enterprises to focus on the limited resources,accelerating the development of core business enterprise restructuring

42、, realizing the scale benefits.To speed up the development of the third party logistics enterprise logistics socialization and specialization, is the request, is the basic way to reduce logistics costs. Most American enterprise using third-party logistics service, some segments of the logistics cost

43、 can reduce 62%, service level 62 percent, core business could concentrate 56%, funds can reduce 48%. At present our country foreign capital enterprise, joint venture enterprises using the first.Tripartite logistics higher proportion of general enterprise coastal areas,higher proportion of inland, i

44、t also from one aspect shows that Chinas logistics cost high reason. Therefore, accelerating enterprise logistics enterprises is, externalizingespecially small and medium enterprises to reduce logistics cost inevitably choice, and develop the third party logistics will play a crucial role.譯文物流成本控制研究

45、資料來(lái)源：中國(guó)期刊網(wǎng)作者：艾倫 C 麥金農(nóng)摘要： 針對(duì)我國(guó)物流成本過(guò)高的狀況，作者闡述了物流成本控制的類(lèi)型、目前物流成本控制的不足，論述了全面的物流成本控制、供應(yīng)鏈物流成本的一體化控制、基于信息技術(shù)的物流成本控制策略，提出了物流成本控制的主要途徑。 關(guān)鍵詞：物流成本；控制策略；途徑隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的發(fā)展和市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的加劇，物流管理致力于盡可能低的物流成本、 為用戶(hù)提供高水平的物流服務(wù)。我國(guó)物流成本明顯高于歐美國(guó)家，因此不斷降低物流成本、加強(qiáng)物流成本控制是我們客觀面對(duì)的一個(gè)十分嚴(yán)峻的問(wèn)題，也是迫切需要解決的問(wèn)題。物流成本控制的類(lèi)型企業(yè)物流成本控制有四種類(lèi)型：整個(gè)經(jīng)營(yíng)過(guò)程的物流成本控制事前、 事中和事

46、后的物流成本控制，形成過(guò)程的物流成本控制供應(yīng)、 生產(chǎn)、 銷(xiāo)售和逆向物流的物流成本控制，物流服務(wù)的功能成本控制包裝、裝卸搬運(yùn)、運(yùn)輸、倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)、流通加工、配送、信息處理等物流成本控制，物流成本構(gòu)成項(xiàng)目的物流成本控制材料費(fèi)、人工費(fèi)、燃油費(fèi)、 差旅費(fèi)、辦公費(fèi)、折舊費(fèi)、利息費(fèi)、委托物流費(fèi)及其他物流成本的控制。物流成本控制的不足目前， 物流成本控制的重點(diǎn)過(guò)分集中于物流活動(dòng)或物流功能本身，一味強(qiáng)調(diào)從物流運(yùn)作過(guò)程壓縮成本；同時(shí)， 貨主企業(yè)要求物流從業(yè)者不得降低物流服務(wù)水平，這使得物流經(jīng)營(yíng)勉為其難。分析物流成本的構(gòu)成，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，物流成本不單是物流運(yùn)作過(guò)程本身所發(fā)生的成本，而且也與其相關(guān)的其他各種因素有密切的關(guān)系，如

47、社會(huì)宏觀物流系統(tǒng)的完善程度、公共信息平臺(tái)的水平、企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略選擇、企業(yè)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)策略、企業(yè)管理水平、企業(yè)信息化程度、企業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè)等，因此只從經(jīng)營(yíng)過(guò)程或物流活動(dòng)本身控制物流成本，很難從根本上降低物流成本，或者說(shuō)不能提高整個(gè)物流系統(tǒng)的效率、達(dá)到物流系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化、降低物流成本的目的。所以，在研究物流成本控制時(shí)，應(yīng)從宏觀物流系統(tǒng)和微觀物流系統(tǒng)、物流信息技術(shù)應(yīng)用等方面進(jìn)行綜合的物流成本控制分析。物流成本控制策略分析我國(guó)物流成本約占GDP 的 16.5%， 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于歐美國(guó)家。分析物流成本居高不下的主要原因，一是我國(guó)還沒(méi)有建立比較完善發(fā)達(dá)的社會(huì)物流系統(tǒng)，二是行業(yè)物流系統(tǒng)的服務(wù)水平低，三是第三方物流服務(wù)水平低，四是企業(yè)的

48、信息化水平低。要從根本上降低物流成本， 必須進(jìn)行全面的物流成本控制、供應(yīng)鏈物流成本一體化控制和基于信息技術(shù)的物流成本控制。( 1)全面的物流成本控制全面的物流成本控制包括三個(gè)層面：社會(huì)物流成本控制、行業(yè)物流成本控制、企業(yè)物流系統(tǒng)成本控制。社會(huì)物流系統(tǒng)(流通網(wǎng)絡(luò))是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的命脈，物流系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃、 分布的合理性，流通渠道的暢通對(duì)物流成本的影響至關(guān)重要。必須對(duì)社會(huì)物流系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行科學(xué)規(guī)劃和有效管理，采用先進(jìn)的物流技術(shù)手段，保證整個(gè)物流系統(tǒng)高效率、低成本運(yùn)行，實(shí)現(xiàn)物流的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。行業(yè)物流系統(tǒng)成本控制涉及行業(yè)物流成本的系統(tǒng)化控制，主要內(nèi)容包括：建設(shè)共同的零部件倉(cāng)庫(kù)、實(shí)施共同配送；有效利用各種運(yùn)輸手

49、段；建立新舊設(shè)備及零部件的共同流通中心；建立物流技術(shù)培訓(xùn)中心，統(tǒng)一培訓(xùn)操作人員和維修人員；統(tǒng)一行業(yè)設(shè)備的規(guī)格，采用統(tǒng)一傳票、統(tǒng)一商品規(guī)格、統(tǒng)一法規(guī)政策、統(tǒng)一托盤(pán)規(guī)格、陳列柜和包裝模數(shù)化等。不斷推進(jìn)行業(yè)物流系統(tǒng)的合理化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，實(shí)現(xiàn)行業(yè)物流系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化，達(dá)到物流成本的有效控制。企業(yè)物流成本控制是對(duì)企業(yè)物流成本的一體化控制，例如對(duì)制造企業(yè)的供應(yīng)物流、生產(chǎn)物流、銷(xiāo)售物流、逆向物流的成本進(jìn)行綜合控制。要求制定與企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略相一致的物流戰(zhàn)略，進(jìn)行企業(yè)物流系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，不同職能部門(mén)之間密切合作，達(dá)到企業(yè)整個(gè)物流系統(tǒng)的高效率和低成本運(yùn)作。供應(yīng)鏈物流成本一體化控制供應(yīng)鏈物流成本一體化控制，在于充分運(yùn)用供應(yīng)鏈管理的理論與方法，將供應(yīng)鏈各節(jié)點(diǎn)企業(yè)聯(lián)結(jié)起來(lái)，把從供應(yīng)源開(kāi)始到最終消費(fèi)源的物流活動(dòng)物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃和渠道設(shè)計(jì)，從整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈系統(tǒng)把握物流的各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈的最低庫(kù)存，達(dá)到供應(yīng)鏈整體物流最優(yōu)化。供應(yīng)鏈物流成本一體化控制是企業(yè)物流成本控制的更高級(jí)階段，效果也將更加突出?；谛畔⒓夹g(shù)的物流成本控制信息技術(shù)有力地促進(jìn)了現(xiàn)代物流業(yè)的發(fā)展