翻譯的基本技巧3課件

1、第三章 翻譯的基本技巧Translation Techniques 第三部分 Part ThreeProcedures of today: Negation vs. Affirmation Inversion / Restructuring Exercises in classKey to Chapter TwoAssignments Negation vs. Affirmation肯定與否定是每一種語(yǔ)言固有的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，一般情況下，翻譯可以對(duì)號(hào)入座。從原則上說(shuō)，最好是肯定譯肯定，否定譯否定以便更準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)原文的意義。但英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在表達(dá)否定概念時(shí)所使用的詞匯手段、語(yǔ)法手段、甚至語(yǔ)言邏輯等方面都

2、有差異，翻譯時(shí)必須先弄清楚兩種語(yǔ)言中表達(dá)同樣的否定或肯定意義是否用同樣的表達(dá)形式然后再動(dòng)筆。有時(shí)候英漢翻譯中的肯定與否定并不完全對(duì)應(yīng)，我們不能一看見(jiàn)yes便譯作“是”，一看見(jiàn)no便是“不”。“Zhang Lan!” “Yes.”O(jiān)h, yes; a very great success.“Just one moment.” “Yes, sir.”“Send it at once, will you?” “Yes, sir.”He covered himself quickly and got in, saying: “Yes, yes.”“He doesnt see us.” “Yes, he

3、 does.”“Yes?” The man standing at the door asked.英語(yǔ)否定的劃分完全否定（帶no的詞語(yǔ)，如no, not, never, nobody, nowhere, neithernor, nothing, none, 等）半否定（hardly, scarcely, seldom, barely, few, little等）部分否定（not all, not every, not both, not much, not many, not always等）帶否定意義的詞語(yǔ)（fail, without, beyond, until, unless, lest

4、, ignorant, refrain, refuse, neglect, absence, instead of, other than , except, rather than等英語(yǔ)中表示否定可用兩種辦法，一是借助詞匯，二是借助結(jié)構(gòu)（e.g. no doubt, no wonder, notwithout, morethan, etc.)和表達(dá)方式(the last, the least, above, beyond, tooto, toofor etc.)。否定與肯定的譯法漢譯英時(shí)可用“正說(shuō)反譯”、“反說(shuō)正譯”、“正反均可”三種方法。漢譯英時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣表達(dá)、從強(qiáng)調(diào)或修辭角度考慮、

5、以及視具體情況采用肯定或否定，以準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出原文的精神風(fēng)貌。 Some more examples:He denied it to be the case.他說(shuō)事實(shí)不是這樣。Time is what we want most, but what, alas, many use worst.時(shí)間是我們作缺少的，但可嘆之至，偏偏許多人最不善于利用。It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. 他無(wú)權(quán)簽訂這種合同。Im at my wits end to keep this child quiet.我實(shí)在是沒(méi)辦法讓這孩子安靜下來(lái)。Some more

6、 examples:There is not any advantage without disadvantage.有一利必有一弊。Today, theres scarcely an aspect of our life that isnt being affected by the Internet. 今天，我們生活中的方方面面無(wú)不受到因特網(wǎng)的影響。He didnt half like the girl. 他非常喜歡那姑娘。If that isnt what I want!我所要的就是這個(gè)呀！Some more examples:在他還沒(méi)來(lái)得及阻攔我之前，我已經(jīng)跑出教室。Before he

7、could stop me, I had rushed out of the classroom. 我們討論問(wèn)題時(shí)，不能忘記這些基本點(diǎn)。These basic concepts must be kept in mind in our discussion. 到目前為止，該組織辜負(fù)了世界人民所寄予的希望。This organization has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world place in it. 否定的陷阱Some Traps in Negative Structures:notbecauseG

8、ates didnt drop out because he wanted to avoid work but to start his company.蓋茨輟學(xué)不是想逃避學(xué)業(yè)，而是為了開(kāi)辦自己的公司。cannottooThe importance of this conference cannot be overestimated.這次會(huì)議的重要性無(wú)論怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)也不過(guò)分。all/everynotAll that glitters is not gold. / None that glitters is gold. 發(fā)光的不一定都是金子。/ 發(fā)光的都不是金子。Inversion / Restru

9、cturing 換序法也稱順序調(diào)整法，指在翻譯過(guò)程中將原文的語(yǔ)言成分（詞、詞組或從句）在原句中的位置進(jìn)行變動(dòng)，使譯文符合譯入語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。英語(yǔ)思維模式是由點(diǎn)及面的外展螺旋式，其表達(dá)方式是由小到大，由近及遠(yuǎn)，由輕到重，由弱到強(qiáng)。漢語(yǔ)相反，是內(nèi)旋式：由面到點(diǎn)，由大到小，由遠(yuǎn)及近，由重到輕，由強(qiáng)到弱。英語(yǔ)多倒裝句，漢語(yǔ)則很少見(jiàn)。Some more examples:My uncle passed away in hospital at 2:30 a.m. on September 12, 1999.我的伯父于1999年9月12日凌晨2點(diǎn)30分在醫(yī)院逝世。Most of the information

10、 we have got is through that channel.我們得道的大部分消息時(shí)通過(guò)那個(gè)渠道獲得的。The fear that their port would lose its importance also worried the people of Baltimore.巴爾的摩人也擔(dān)心這樣一來(lái)他們的港口就會(huì)失去重要性。Through a gap came an elaborately described ray.一束精心描繪的光線從空洞透出來(lái)。On this depends the whole argument. 整個(gè)爭(zhēng)論都以此為論據(jù)。By strategy is mea

11、nt something wider.這里用“戰(zhàn)略”一詞，其含義較廣。Not a word did he say.他只字未說(shuō)。A woman infected with HIV may be ostracized or abandoned by her husband if her condition is revealed, even when he is the source of the disease. 感染了HIV的婦女，如果其病情被泄露出來(lái)，可能被丈夫趕走或拋棄，即使她的病情是因丈夫而引起時(shí)也是這樣。即使婦女的HIV是被丈夫傳染的，病情一旦泄露，還是會(huì)遭受冷待或拋棄。It is e

12、asy to see what weight can be overcome and what thrust is necessary to maintain flight.要知道應(yīng)該抵消多大重力并需要多大推力才能保持飛行，這很容易。As was cleared up some time later, news came from a distance that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball fell. 過(guò)了一些時(shí)候從遠(yuǎn)方傳來(lái)消息：在小銅球墜落的當(dāng)天，確實(shí)發(fā)生了地震。這一切終于得到了澄清。Interest

13、in historical methods has arisen less through external to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. 人們關(guān)注歷史研究的方法，主要是因?yàn)槭穼W(xué)界內(nèi)部意見(jiàn)不統(tǒng)一，其次是因?yàn)橥饨鐟岩蓺v史是不是一門(mén)學(xué)科。一位美國(guó)當(dāng)代優(yōu)秀作家an outstanding contemporary American writer各條戰(zhàn)線上的先進(jìn)工作者們advanced worker

14、s from various fronts許多代表激動(dòng)地說(shuō)，“我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣光明的前途。”A great number of deputies said excitedly, “Never have we seen so bright a future before us.” 我們必須清楚地了解所有牽涉到的問(wèn)題。We must get a clear understanding of the things concerned. Exercises in class:I have read your article. I expected to meet an older man.Mat

15、ter can neither be created nor be destroyed. He is not always at home on Sundays.Meetings are seldom held recently. He is not the manager and chief engineer. It is a good horse that never stumbles and a good wife that never grumbles. 所有的問(wèn)題在會(huì)議上都沒(méi)有解決。俗話說(shuō)，“男兒有淚不輕彈，皆因未到傷心處”嘛。黨的十六大充分表明，我們黨興旺發(fā)達(dá)，后繼有人。Key t

16、o the exercises: 拜讀了你的大作，沒(méi)想到你這樣年輕。物質(zhì)既不能創(chuàng)造又不能消滅。他星期天不一定在家。最近很少開(kāi)會(huì)。他并非既是廠長(zhǎng)又是工程師。再好的馬也會(huì)失蹄，再賢惠的妻子也會(huì)抱怨。None of the problems was solved at the meeting. As the saying goes, “Men only weep when deeply hurt.”The 16th Party Congress fully demonstrates that our Party is flourishing and has no lack of successors. Key to the exercises:什么地方發(fā)生過(guò)盜案或者兇殺案，什么地方有鬼魂出現(xiàn)過(guò)，我都知道。昨天下午，我們看了一部描寫(xiě)軍人生活的影片。 全世界的石油消耗量正在迅速地增長(zhǎng)。她期待著會(huì)出現(xiàn)某種奇跡般的解決辦法，這是不合情理的。The academician is working with his two new assistants in the laboratory at the moment.That was the first newspaper that had