動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)之一般將來時(shí)課件市公開課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)之普通未來時(shí)第1頁第1頁目錄定義1五種使用辦法2時(shí)間狀語3句式結(jié)構(gòu)4第2頁第2頁定義普通未來時(shí)表示未來某一時(shí)刻動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或未來某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。經(jīng)常和表示未來時(shí)間狀語連用。如:tomorrow(明天)， next week(下周 );in the future(未來)等。 普通未來時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞shall(第一人稱)，will(第二、三人稱) 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。美式英語則無論什么人稱，一律用will。第3頁第3頁五種使用辦法（1）will/shall do表示客觀上勢必發(fā)生事情或暫時(shí)作出打算比如：He will be twenty years old.他明年就20歲了。 Will

2、 you be free tonight? 你今晚有空嗎？ I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.假如明天下雨，我就不來了。 （第一人稱普通用shall）第4頁第4頁五種使用辦法（2）be going to doa.表示計(jì)劃、打算、準(zhǔn)備做事。We are going to put up a building here.我們打算在這里蓋一座樓。How are you going to spend your holidays?假期你準(zhǔn)備如何過？b.依據(jù)某種跡象表示即將發(fā)生或必定要發(fā)生事。I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪了。

3、Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.看那烏云，要下雨了。第5頁第5頁五種使用辦法(3) be to do sth. a.表示計(jì)劃、商定或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)必須去做事eg.You are to hand in the composition on Monday.周一你必須交上作文。 b.即將發(fā)生動(dòng)作 All the questions are to be answered at once.所有問題都必須馬上回答。 c.征求對(duì)方意見 Are we to go on with this work?我們繼續(xù)干嗎？第6頁第6頁五種使用辦法（4）be abo

4、ut to do 表示不久或即將發(fā)生動(dòng)作，意為：立刻，馬上。普通不與時(shí)間狀語連用eg.We are about to leave.我們馬上就走。 The new school year is about to begin.新年即將開始。 Sit down,everyone. The film is about to start.大家坐好，電影馬上開始了。第7頁第7頁五種使用辦法(5)一些行進(jìn)式動(dòng)詞，如go， come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay，live,fly,等可用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生動(dòng)作eg.The meeting starts at fi

5、ve oclock.會(huì)議五點(diǎn)開始。 He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下車。第8頁第8頁使用辦法補(bǔ)充（1）在普通未來時(shí)句子中，有時(shí)有表示未來時(shí)間狀語，有時(shí)沒有時(shí)間狀語，這時(shí)要從意思上判斷是否指未來動(dòng)作或情況。eg.Will she come? 她（會(huì)）來嗎？（2）在以第一人稱I或we作主語問句中，普通使用助動(dòng)詞shall，這時(shí)或是征求對(duì)方意見，或是問詢一個(gè)情況(b)：a. Where shall we meet? 我們?cè)谀膬号鲱^？b. Shall we have any classes tomorrow?明天我們有課嗎？在這類問句中，近幾年來也有不少人用will

6、，尤其是在美國。比如：How will I get there? 我怎么去？第9頁第9頁使用辦法補(bǔ)充（3）依據(jù)要求或時(shí)間表預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生動(dòng)作，在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，都可用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示未來時(shí)。eg.The new term starts (begins) on August 29th. 新學(xué)期八月二十九日開學(xué)。 If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go out for a picnic. 假如明天不下雨，我們將出去野餐。（4）在一些祈使動(dòng)詞短語make sure，see （to）it，be sure后接從句，用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)表未來。eg.1.Make sure a

7、ll the windows are closed before you leave. 2.Be sure you finish it today. 3.See to it that the door is fastened before you go to bed第10頁第10頁時(shí)間狀語1）tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening2）next year/week/month/hour/day/century3)in the future4)this afternoon/Sunday/evening5)

8、from now on6)one day,someday （未來）某天7)soon第11頁第11頁時(shí)間狀語慣用表示未來時(shí)間詞:tomorrownext+時(shí)間詞( next week, )in+時(shí)間詞( in three days, )this+時(shí)間詞( this weekend, )第12頁第12頁句式結(jié)構(gòu)1.必定句：I/We shall/will go. You/He/She/They will go.2.否認(rèn)句：I/We shall/will not go. You/He/She/They will not go.3.疑問句：Shall I/we go? Will you/he/she/t

9、hey go?簡略回答：（肯）Yes,主語shall/will (否) No,主語 shall/will not4.特殊疑問句：普通未來時(shí)特殊疑問句是將疑問詞放在句首，后接普通疑問句（就主語提問時(shí)，以疑問詞who開頭疑問詞除外）- Why will you be here on Sunday?（周日你為何將要在這兒？）-I will have a meeting on Sunday.（我將要在周日舉辦一個(gè)聚會(huì)。）普通疑問句：be或will提到句首some改any,and改or，第一二人稱互換We are going to go on an outing this weekend.-Are yo

10、u going to go on an outing this weekend?第13頁第13頁句式結(jié)構(gòu)5.被動(dòng)句：will/shall+be+v.ed(及物動(dòng)詞過去分詞）The letter will be sent tomorrow.這封信明天將寄出去We shall be punished if we break the rule.假如我們違反要求，我們將受到處罰。注意：will和shall在句子中所表示“意志”是不同，當(dāng)句子主語是第一人稱（I）時(shí)候表示是主語 I 自主“意志”。shall在第二 、三人稱時(shí)也和will在第一人稱一樣。也只有在二三人稱才帶故意志，只不過shall帶有是“說

11、話者”意志。而不是主語意志。如：he shall be rewarded. 他會(huì)得到回報(bào)第14頁第14頁主將從現(xiàn)主將從現(xiàn)是指在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句和讓步狀語從句中，假如主句是普通未來時(shí)，從句用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)替換普通未來時(shí)。eg.I will tell him about it when he comes. If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing.假如主句時(shí)態(tài)是過去未來時(shí)，那么從句要用普通過去時(shí)。比如：He said that he would have another try if he had the chance.I knew he could

12、 help me if he was free the next day.主要標(biāo)志有：if 、unless 、until、 when 、as soon as(用普通未來時(shí)提問，回答時(shí)也要用普通未來時(shí))第15頁第15頁主將從現(xiàn)常見有下列四種情況：一、時(shí)間狀語從句主句是一般將來時(shí)，那么從句經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：When I grow up, Ill be a nurse and look after patients.我長大后要當(dāng)一名護(hù)士，照顧病人。二、假如主句是祈使句，那么從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)如：Dont laugh at me when I make a mistake.我犯錯(cuò)誤時(shí)候不要笑話

13、我。三、假如主句是含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，根據(jù)需要從句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)如：You should be quiet when you are in the reading room在閱覽室時(shí)應(yīng)保持安靜。四、 假如if條件狀語從句碰到變換間接和直接時(shí) , 祈使句應(yīng)用notto.如; She said not to close the window.常見時(shí)間狀語從句連詞有：as soon as,when,while ,as,until等第16頁第16頁P(yáng)S ：will與be going to 分別be going to與will兩者都可表示將要發(fā)生事、將要去做某事，但它們有下列幾點(diǎn)區(qū)別：1. be g

14、oing to 表示將要發(fā)生事情，will 表示時(shí)間則較遠(yuǎn)一些，如：He is going to write a letter tonight.He will write a book one day.2. be going to 表示依據(jù)主觀判斷未來必定發(fā)生事情，will表示客觀上未來勢必發(fā)生事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die.He will be twenty years old.第17頁第17頁3. be going to 含有“計(jì)劃，準(zhǔn)備”意思，而 will 則沒有這個(gè)意思，如：She is going to lend us her b

15、ook.He will be here in half an hour.4.在有條件從句主句中，普通不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如：If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you.5.be going to往往表示事先通過考慮打算；will多表示意愿，決心。兩者有時(shí)不能互換。如：She is studying hard and is going to try for the exams.她正努力學(xué)習(xí)并嘗試參與考試。（is going to不能用will替換）第18頁第18頁Exercises1.What

16、 would you do if it _ tomorrow ?We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining2. What are you going to do this afternoon? I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film _quite early, so we _ to the bookstore after that. A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go 第19頁第19頁3. My younger brother _be 15 years old next year. A. is goin