華科安全工程專業(yè)英語

1、百度文庫百度文庫1111一、重點(diǎn)詞匯mine ventilation 礦 山 通風(fēng)dilute 沖淡contaminant 污染物standard atmospheric pressure 標(biāo) 準(zhǔn) 大 氣壓exhaust shaft 出風(fēng)井mine quantity 風(fēng)量static head 靜 壓 水頭velocity head 速度水頭elevation or potential head 位 置 水頭incompressible fluid 不 可壓縮流體(3)face 工作面 entry 水平巷道 crosscut 石門；短聯(lián)絡(luò)橫巷 air leakage 漏風(fēng)defender 優(yōu)

2、點(diǎn) outspoken critic 缺 點(diǎn) line brattice 縱 向 風(fēng) 障 auxiliary fan局部通風(fēng)機(jī)heading 平 巷 blowing (or system 壓 入 式 系統(tǒng) exhaust system 抽 出 式 系 統(tǒng)methane buildup 瓦斯積聚（4）fan in series 串聯(lián)風(fēng)機(jī) fans in parallel 并聯(lián)風(fēng)機(jī) axial-flow fan 軸流式風(fēng)機(jī)centrifugal fan 離 心 式 風(fēng) 機(jī) variable-pitch 可 變 安 裝 角 characteristic curve 特性曲線blade 葉片 powe

3、r output 輸出功率 power input. 輸入功率Mechanical Ventilation 機(jī)械式通風(fēng) shaft 進(jìn)風(fēng)豎井drift 水平巷道slope 斜 井a(chǎn)dit 平 硐intake airway進(jìn)風(fēng)巷return airway回風(fēng)巷upcastshaft回風(fēng)豎井stopping風(fēng)墻seal 密閉stratum 地層spontaneous百度文庫百度文庫2222combustion 自燃door風(fēng)門airlock風(fēng)閘interlock devices鎖裝置（6）ventilation network 通風(fēng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)dead-end 獨(dú)頭巷道(node)節(jié) 點(diǎn)mass flow

4、質(zhì) 量 流量volume flow體 積 流量網(wǎng)孔datum【測】基點(diǎn), 基準(zhǔn)面loop 回路kinetic energy動(dòng) 能（ 7）branch分支propane丙烷carbondioxide二氧化Stratification 分層Buoyancy 浮力diffuse boundary 擴(kuò)散邊界Turbulence 湍流hydrocarbon 碳?xì)浠衔铮N類）carbon monoxide 氧化碳rank 品級bituminous 煙煤anthracite無 煙煤igneous地火成的natural fracture原生裂隙cleat【地質(zhì)】割理porosity 多孔性sorptive吸

5、附的Permeability滲透性free gas自由狀瓦斯adsorbed gas吸附狀態(tài)瓦斯voidage孔隙adsorption isotherm吸附溫線Methane drainage 瓦斯抽放combustible 易燃物；可燃conflagration 大火propagation蔓 延smouldering 悶, 低溫?zé)? 低溫干餾distilled由蒸餾得來的igniting source點(diǎn) 火源vicinity 附近fire extinguisher 滅火器flammable liquid 易燃液體the coupled interaction 相互作用百度文庫百度文庫3333

6、英漢翻譯第 3 課There are basically two methods of ventilating the blind entries ahead of the last open crosscut: the use of line brattices or the installation of auxiliary fan s. Each technique has its defenders as well as its outspoken critics.（第二段）風(fēng)機(jī)。每一種方法都有它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。Since the blowing system produces a hi

7、gh velocity of air at the face, it achieves superiorgas dilution, but the air, now contaminated with gas and dust, returns over the e d s . s a , s m s y d .e commonly employed exhaust system, with intake air coming in on the wide side of the brattice and returning on the narrow side, eliminates thi

8、s problem because the fresh air passes over the machine operator before it reached the face. However, since the air velocity provided at the face by the exhausted system is low, it does a less effective job of diluting the gas ） 百度文庫百度文庫A blower system can be installed as shown in Fig. 1 (A) 8. Ther

9、e is no problem in delivering more than 1 416 L/s of air through 30 m of 45 cm-diam tubing with reasonable pressure and horsepower. Even with the end of the tubing as far as 10.6 m from the face, adequate dilution can be achieved with methane liberations of as much as 9.4 L/s. The disadvantage of su

10、ch a blower system is that dust-and gas-laden air passes over the machine operator, and a methane buildup can occur out by the machine. Because of the difficulty of controlling dust, this technique is seldom used 6）壓入式系統(tǒng)的安裝如圖 18.1（A）所示。該系統(tǒng)釋放超過 1416 升秒的具有適度壓力和功率的風(fēng)流，流經(jīng)長度為 30 米、直徑為 45 厘米的管道，這不存在任何問題。甚至

11、當(dāng)管道距離工作面有 10.6 米遠(yuǎn)，該系統(tǒng)也能夠充分稀釋釋放量為9.4 升秒的瓦斯。壓入式系統(tǒng)的缺點(diǎn)是含有粉塵和瓦斯的污濁風(fēng)流流經(jīng)采掘機(jī)操作人員The exhaust system shown in Fig. 1(B) eliminates the passage of contaminated air over the machine operator, and effectively removes the dust from the working environment. However, even when an airflow of 2630 L/s is maintained t

12、hrough an 45cm tubing 30 m long and ending within 2.1 m of the face, it is not uncommon to have the far corner gas up. When the tubing is allowed to lag back from the face 4.5 to 6 m, it is not uncommon for the entireface to gas up. By this time, the operator is between the end of the tubing andthe

13、face and is exposed to contaminated air, so this is a situation that must note d o . 第七段）44百度文庫百度文庫5555圖 18.1（B）所示的抽出式系統(tǒng)消除了污濁空氣流經(jīng)采掘機(jī)操作人員的通道，有效地除去工作環(huán)境中的粉塵。不過，即使當(dāng) 2630 升秒的風(fēng)流流經(jīng)直徑為 45 厘米，長度為 30 米，端部距離工作面在 2.1 米以內(nèi)的管道時(shí)，遠(yuǎn)而偏的隅角仍有瓦斯聚集。當(dāng)管道滯后于工作面4.5 到 6 米時(shí)，整個(gè)工作面都會(huì)有瓦斯聚集。這時(shí)，在管道端部和工作面之間的操作人員暴露在污濁氣流中，因此這種情況不允許發(fā)生。第

14、 4 課The general fan laws are the same for either axial-flow or centrifugal fans. The only differences are in the individual characteristics of power, pressure and air volumes. 不論是軸流式扇風(fēng)機(jī)還是離心式扇風(fēng)機(jī)壓力和風(fēng)量的個(gè)體特性。Fan Laws- These are as follows:風(fēng)機(jī)的規(guī)律如下：1. Air quantity varies directly as fan speed 1. Quantity

15、is independent of air density (twice the volume requires twice the speed).（倍。Pressures induced vary directly as fan speed squared, and directlyasdensity (twice the volume develops four times the pressure). 2產(chǎn)生的壓力和風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速平方成正比，與密度成正比（風(fēng)量增大到兩倍引起壓力增大到 四倍。The fan power-input varies directly as the fan speed

16、 cubed and directly asthe air density (twice the volume requires eight time the power).百度文庫百度文庫6666風(fēng)機(jī)輸入功率和風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的立方成正比與密度成正比（到八倍。The mechanical efficiency of the fan is independent of fan speed and airdensity.風(fēng)機(jī)的機(jī)械效率與風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速和風(fēng)流密度無關(guān)。The performance of a fan in a ventilating system is determined by itschar

17、acteristic curve and the mine resistance if acting alone on the system力The amount of airflow induce in a mine will depend on fan characteristic and mine resistance.在礦井中所產(chǎn)生的風(fēng)量依賴于風(fēng)機(jī)特性和礦井阻力。Fan in series-Fan operating in series are those operating on the same flow circuit, each handling the total flow

18、of the circuit and each generating a part of the total pressure required to balance the pressure losses of circuit.串聯(lián)運(yùn)行的風(fēng)機(jī)指的是運(yùn)行在同一風(fēng)路中的風(fēng)機(jī)需要的一部分總分壓以補(bǔ)償風(fēng)路壓力的損失。Fans in Parallel-Fans may be used in parallel to increase the air volume against changed mine resistance.并聯(lián)風(fēng)機(jī)風(fēng)機(jī)可并聯(lián)使用以便在礦井阻力變化時(shí)增大風(fēng)量。第 5 課equipped

19、 with blow-out panels to help protect the fan in case of a mine explosion百度文庫百度文庫7777配備沖擊板（防爆門）以在煤礦發(fā)生爆炸時(shí)，起到保護(hù)風(fēng)機(jī)的作用。When these are no longer required for access or ventilation, they should be blocked by stoppings in order to prevent short-circuiting of the airflow.當(dāng)巷道不再需要通過或通風(fēng)，那么應(yīng)用風(fēng)墻封閉，以防止風(fēng)流短路。第 6 課A

20、ny integrated ventilation system can be represented as a schematic diagram（可能是漢譯英）任何一個(gè)完整的通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)都可以用一個(gè)示意圖來表示The points at which branches connect are known simply as junctions or nodes. 分支相連接的點(diǎn)簡稱為交叉點(diǎn)或者節(jié)點(diǎn)。Kirchhoffs first law states that the mass flow entering a junction equals the mass flow leaving that

21、 junction基爾霍夫第一定律說明了流入某交叉點(diǎn)的質(zhì)量流量等于流出該交叉點(diǎn)的質(zhì)量流量The simplest statement of Kirchhoffs second law applied to ventilation networks is that the algebraic sum of all pressure drops around a closed path, or mesh, in the network must be zero, having taken into account the effects of fans and ventilating pressu

22、res.應(yīng)用于通風(fēng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基爾霍夫第二定律最簡單的形式為：把風(fēng)機(jī)和其它壓力源的影響考慮在內(nèi)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)中一個(gè)閉和回路或者網(wǎng)孔中所有壓差的代數(shù)和必等于零。第 7 課It is generally assumed when referring to gases in the mining environment that the interest is in toxic gases, however, the concentration of nontoxic gases, such as百度文庫百度文庫8888oxygen, can be of importance.氧氣，也很重要。the reduct

23、ion of oxygen in the air may also pose a risk to life because oxygen is needed to sustain life.空氣中氧氣的減少對生命形成了危險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)檠鯕馐蔷S持生命所必須的。The term gas refers to the physical state of a substance at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure that, when unconfined, expands to fill the space it occupies.術(shù)語氣體

24、指的是某物質(zhì)在室溫和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣壓力下的物理狀態(tài)充滿它所占的空間Because of turbulence and diffusion, the package of gas is diluted to the point where it differs little from air alone.由于湍流和擴(kuò)散作用，氣體束被稀釋到和空氣自身差別很小。Traditionally, mine rescue teaching about gas properties focused on the density of pure gases. However, gases in a workplace

25、 in emergency situations are often not pure, but are mixed with air and other gases. Pure gases seldom exist in the workplace. When they do, it is likely that the gas was released from a pressurized vessel discharging uncontrollably.Even a leak of pure, pressurized gas will not perform like a pure g

26、as as the distance from the leaking vessel and turbulence increases. Eventually, the leaking gas will mix with the surrounding air as it moves away from the source of the leak.百度文庫百度文庫9999There are other physical properties of gases, such as taste, colour, and odour, that may or may not be helpful a

27、s warning properties. For example, the property of colour is often best observed with pure gases. Workers may or may not be able to smell a gas (depending on its concentration). Therefore, in an emergency, these properties may serve little purpose in understanding the toxic nature of a gas when it h

28、as been mixed with mine air.第 8 課There are three mechanisms by which gas is stored within the coal seams. About 90 per cent of the gas is absorbed onto the coal surface within the matrix pore structure, the remainder exists as free gas in the natural fracture (cleat) systems of the seams or is disso

29、lved within the seam water氣體通過三種途徑保存在煤層當(dāng)中。90%的氣體是吸附在煤層表面的微孔矩陣結(jié)構(gòu)中，剩余的氣體以自由狀態(tài)存在于煤層的原生裂隙（節(jié)理）當(dāng)中或者溶解到煤層的水中。百度文庫百度文庫10101010Methane exists within coal in two distinct forms, generally referred to as free gas and adsorbed gas.存在于煤中的瓦斯有兩種截然不同的形式，通常稱為自由狀態(tài)瓦斯和吸附狀態(tài)瓦斯。An attractive force exists between the surfaces of some solids and a variety of gases.吸引力存在于一些固體表面和各種氣體之間。Figure 1 illustrates the variation of both total and adsorbed methane with respect to gas pressure and at constant temperature.圖 1 描述了總瓦斯和吸收瓦斯在溫度不變的情況下與瓦斯壓力的變化關(guān)系。These