國際商務交際-Unit-6課件

1、Unit 6Making a Presentation01Getting started04Culture Salon05ProjectContents06Language Folder02Holding the audiences attention03Finishing offGetting started6 1Being credibleHaving a “title” slide,Emphasizing the importance of your topicTelling your arrangement Using a “table of contents”Starting upT

2、ask 1 Pair work. Discuss with your partners and decide what should be included in an introduction of a presentation.1. who you are2. the purpose of your presentation (including perhaps what you want your audience to get out of it)3. the title of your presentation4. how long your presentation will la

3、st5. an outline of what you will be covering in your presentation6. whether you are willing to answer questions during the presentation or would prefer them afterwardsLearning about communicationGetting Your Presentation StartedIf you capture attention and interest at the beginning, you are likely t

4、o keep your listeners with you until the end. Therefore, it is important that you know how to design your introduction so it arouses interest. An introduction normally includes who you are, the title or purpose of the presentation, how long it will last, an outline of main points and whether there i

5、s a question time. All these have to be done in a short time and you can use one or more of the following techniques to gain the audiences interest.Being credibleYour credibility is to do with not only your academic qualif ications and professional experiences in the self-introduction but also a str

6、ong posture, eye contact and being enthusiastic about your message.Having a “title” slidePresent a“title” slide with the title of the presentation and your name on it. This gives the audience something to look at and takes attention away from you if you are feeling nervous at the start.Learning abou

7、t communicationGetting Your Presentation StartedEmphasizing the importance of your topicState that your topic will have a strong impact on the audiences life, money, or happiness and tell them what they can gain from your presentation, but dont lie.Telling your arrangementTell people how long you wi

8、ll speak for, what you will be covering, when you plan to take questions and if there are any handouts at the end. There may be various elements to your presentation (e.g. after a short while you may want some “audience participation” in the form of group work). This gives the audience something to

9、look forward to. Telling them when you will take questions is important as you may not want to be interrupted until you have reached certain parts of your presentation or even at the end.Using a “table of contents”Adopt a suitably labeled slide with each main section of the talk clearly labeled in o

10、rder. Then you can use these section labels on the appropriate slide during the talk.In addition, techniques like displaying an object, using a question, a quotation, facts and statistics, telling a story, can also be very effective in gaining the audiences attention and interest.Good morning everyo

11、ne. Thank you for coming today. Im Arnold Maxwell, the director of Lowell Head-hunting Company, a hiring specialist with 10 years of experience in staff recruitment. Im here to talk about Effective Job-hunting Skills, as you can see from the PPT slide. I hope after my presentation you will know how

12、to hunt for a job in the following months before graduation. My talk will be divided into 3 parts, which last about one hour, and be followed by a 20-minute question time. Firstly, Id like to give an overview of the job market in this city; then focus on the skills for assessing yourself and f inall

13、y effective ways of f inding vacancies. All the main points are put on the handouts and you can take them away before leaving this room.Building your skillsTask 2 Pair work. Below you will f ind an effective introduction of a presentation. Label its structure and tell what techniques are used to gai

14、n the audiences interest.GreetingSelf-introductionTitle/SubjectOutline (timing)ABCD( I hope after my presentation you will know how to hunt for a job in the following months before graduation).Emphasizing the importance of his topic the presenter mentions what the audience will gain from his present

15、ation(as you can see from the PPT slide).Having a “title” slide the presenter puts the title on a slide(the director of Lowell Head-hunting Company, a hiring specialist with 10 years of experience in staff recruitment).Being credible the presenter mentions his professional experience and job title(M

16、y talk will be divided into 3 parts, which last about one hour, and be followed by a 20-minute question time. F irstly, Id like to give an overview of the job market in this city; then focus on theskills for assessing yourself and f inally effective ways of f inding vacancies. All the main points ar

17、e put on the handouts and you can take them away before leaving this room).Telling the arrangement the presenter tells the audience the outline, timing, question time, andwhen to have handoutsBuilding your skillsTechniques1. OK. Lets start with the history.2. Now Id like to give you a brief presenta

18、tion about our company.3. Im Geoff Zhang, the HR manager of the company.4. Hello and welcome to AFG.5. My talk will last about 20 minutes and Ill be using the f lip chart.6. Since theres quite a lot to cover, Id be grateful if youd hold any questions until the end of my talk.7. As you can see, Ive d

19、ivided up my presentation into three main parts. Firstly, Ill focus on the company history, secondly, well look at our main markets and f inally Id introduce our people.Building your skillsTask 3 Here are jumbled extracts from presentation introductions. Put them into a logical order.Introduction 1T

20、he right order should be: 4 3 2 5 6 7 11. My name is Kate Chen.2. Ill f inish by looking at some case studies.3. Im here to talk about the “teens” market.4. I will begin by outlining an overall prof ile.5. To start off, let me ask you to look at this graph, .6. My talk will probably last half an hou

21、r.7. Good afternoon, everyone.8. My talk will be in 3 parts, followed by a 20-minute question time.9. I will then discuss some of the challenges.Building your skillsTask 3 Here are jumbled extracts from presentation introductions. Put them into a logical order.Introduction 2The right order should be

22、: 7 1 3 8 4 9 2 6 5Task 4Situation 1Topic: Shopping OnlineOutline:1. Def inition 2. Advantages 3. DisadvantagesLength: 1 hour This presentation will be given to your colleagues as an English club activity.Situation 2Topic: Smoking Forbidden in the BuildingOutline:1. Disadvantages of smoking 2. Suffe

23、ring of being passive smokers3. To ban smoking in the buildingLength: 1.5 hoursThis presentation is to inform staff of the new policy and provide justif ications.Communicating with othersTask 4 Pair work. Give a presentation introduction according to either of the following situations. Use the promp

24、ts below for your reference.Situation 1Topic: Shopping OnlineOutline:1. Def inition2. Advantages3. DisadvantagesLength: 1 hour This presentation will be given to your colleagues as an English club activity.Situation 2Topic: Smoking Forbidden in the BuildingOutline:1. Disadvantages of smoking2. Suffe

25、ring of being passive smokers3. To ban smoking in the buildingLength: 1.5 hoursThis presentation is to inform staff of the new policy and provide justif ications.Communicating with othersTask 4 Pair work. Give a presentation introduction according to either of the following situations. Use the promp

26、ts below for your reference.1Greet your audience.2Introduce yourself.3Give the subject/purpose of your talk.4Provide an outline of your talk.Communicating with others5Say something about the length of your talk.6Explain that the audience can interrupt.Holding the audiences attention6 2Following your

27、 outlineLimiting the main points,Using explicit signals,Controlling your speed and voice Dealing with nervousnessStarting upTask 1 Pair work. Study the picture and discuss the following questions.1. What are the listeners doing?2. Could you list possible reasons for listeners doing so?Learning about

28、 communicationHolding the Audiences AttentionEverybody understands it is important to try all means to get across their message during a presentation. However, how many speakers really get their audience interested and attentive? Here are some skills you can adopt when making a presentation.Followin

29、g your outlineAfter the introduction, you come into the main points. Each main point should be exactly the same as each main point you outlined in your opening; the audience is often confused by speakers for outlining one set of points and then discussing only some of them or adding extras.Limiting

30、the main pointsFindings from psychologists show that people cannot easily understand more than 35 main points. However, it doesnt mean that you say 3 things and f inish; you should group your ideas into 3 or 5 major areas.Learning about communicationHolding the Audiences AttentionEverybody understan

31、ds it is important to try all means to get across their message during a presentation. However, how many speakers really get their audience interested and attentive? Here are some skills you can adopt when making a presentation.Following your outlineAfter the introduction, you come into the main poi

32、nts. Each main point should be exactly the same as each main point you outlined in your opening; the audience is often confused by speakers for outlining one set of points and then discussing only some of them or adding extras.Limiting the main pointsFindings from psychologists show that people cann

33、ot easily understand more than 35 main points. However, it doesnt mean that you say 3 things and f inish; you should group your ideas into 3 or 5 major areas.Learning about communicationHolding the Audiences AttentionUsing explicit signalsA good presenter uses various signals to help make the inform

34、ation clear, hence holding the audiences attention. One frequently used technique is to list what you are going to say. For example: There are 3 aspects Id like to introduce: people, money and products. Another technique is to give a link between parts of the presentation, For example: Now that we h

35、ave looked at the sales in the Southeast, lets turn to the sales in the West. And you can also use connectors and sequence markers to signal different types of relationships between ideas, e.g. f irstly, secondly, f inally, therefore, in conclusion, to sum up, etc.Controlling your speed and voiceWhe

36、n giving a presentation, you also need to pay attention to your speech and voice: whether you speak loudly enough or you pronounce your words correctly. When speaking, vary the rate of your speech depending on your purpose. For example, speak slowly when introducing a main point. Pause brief ly betw

37、een points, or for emphasis, and avoid f iller words like “umm” or “ahh”. Also, sound enthusiastic and excited about the topic.Learning about communicationHolding the Audiences AttentionDealing with nervousnessRemind yourself that you are thoroughly prepared and giving a presentation is good experie

38、nce you can apply in the workplace. Use relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or meditation, to keep you calm. Remember you probably look better than you think you do, as your nervousness may not be as apparent to your audience as it is to you.In addition to these considerations, other techn

39、iques of holding the audiences attention can be using stories, cases, role-plays, etc., to keep your listeners interest high.The first thing to be said about these products is that theyre very diverse. Well, lets take our premium export toy, Piggy Pitt. Now this product has always been at the top en

40、d of the market. It has a high price and is only available through selected retail outlets. Altogether, its quite exclusive. On the other hand, our Rabbit Rola is made in a traditional way and sold at a medium price through most supermarkets. So as you can see, there are 2 different products: one an

41、 up-market piggy toy, the other a traditional rabbit.Now, lets move on to marketing and I only want to mention one point.Building your skillsTask 2 Read the following short extract from a presentation and underline expressions the presenter uses to signal listeners.Task 3Situation 1Lily feels very n

42、ervous when giving her proposal to the management. The managers get annoyed as she says more and more f iller words, like “you know”, “umm”, “ahh”, etc.Situation 2Michael is giving a presentation on possibilities of exploring the African market. However, suddenly his mind goes blank.Situation 3David

43、 planned to discuss 8 points of pricing strategies with the audience, but was told the last minute that he had only 15 minutes to speak.Building your skillsTask 3 Apart from using explicit signals to direct your audience, other techniques are also valued. Go through the problems popping up during a

44、presentation and decide what the presenter should do in each situation.Task 3Situation 1Lily had better pause for a deep breathing, reminding herself that shes prepared very well and should avoid saying those f iller words.Situation 2Michael can do the following: refer to his visuals, slides or powe

45、r point screens; focus on friendly faces in the audience and take a drink of water while he thinks of where he was; repeat what he last said.Situation 3David shouldnt panic and talking faster wont help. Since eight points are too many for listeners to remember, he can quickly limit his main points t

46、o three. Also, in order to have a good timing, hed better keep an eye on his watch while speaking.Building your skillsTask 3 Apart from using explicit signals to direct your audience, other techniques are also valued. Go through the problems popping up during a presentation and decide what the prese

47、nter should do in each situation.Communicating with othersTask 4 Pair work. Practice saying the following expressions for signaling. Every time student A says an expression in the left column, student B is supposed to speak out the one in the right column with the same meaning.1. Right, lets start w

48、ith the history.2. Anyway, Ill leave the history there.3. So, lets turn now to a brief overview of our main markets.4. And that brings me to the final part of this short introduction.5. So, before I go on, are there any questions1. To start with the history then.2. That covers the history.3. So, we

49、can go on to a survey of our principal markets.4. So, we come to the last part of my introduction.5. Lets stop here and see if there are any questions.Topic 1: How to Arrange Business TripsTopic 2: Essential Qualities of SalespeopleCommunicating with othersTask 4 Pair work. Choose one of the topics

50、and give a short presentation. Practise using various signals to link your points and ideas clearly. Some words/phrases for signaling are provided in the box below. Please refer to the expressions at the end of Module 3 if you need more help.Finishing off6 3Being clear about the purposeGiving a summ

51、ary and/or conclusionArousing the audiences enthusiasm and other tipsStarting upTask 1 Discuss with your partners and tell what the end of a presentation contains.The end of a presentation contains summary, conclusion, recommendations, questions, discussion and thanks. But presentations do not alway

52、s end with these items. It depends on what presentation you give in what situations. In business, thanks and questions are fairly standard at the end of a presentation.Learning about communicationUsing an Effective ClosingPeople remember best what you say last. And its especially true when presentin

53、g to a group. Here are some simple things to remember the next time you are called on to present.Be clear about the purposeDo you want the audience to take action, to understand, or just to entertain? The purpose will determine how you end the presentation. Many speakers lose sight of this; their cl

54、osings do not f it their purposes and the audience leaves confused. If you want the audience to act, tell them what they should do when they leave. A presentation on donating blood individually as a part of the company goal for community service would need to close with the time and location for giv

55、ing blood. However, if youre just entertaining them, leave them feeling good and laughing on the way out, e.g. using a story, a humorous image, etc.Give a summary and/or conclusionOne effective closing is to summarize your main points. Summaries restate what has already been said. The closing summar

56、y is useful when the presentation is intended to convey information (e.g. to explain, to instruct, etc.) and not a call to action. A conclusion is different from a summary and often contains a message which grows out of the information described in the main body of the talk. It may contain lessons l

57、earnt, recommendations and next steps.Learning about communicationUsing an Effective ClosingGive a summary and/or conclusionOne effective closing is to summarize your main points. Summaries restate what has already been said. The closing summary is useful when the presentation is intended to convey

58、information (e.g. to explain, to instruct, etc.) and not a call to action. A conclusion is different from a summary and often contains a message which grows out of the information described in the main body of the talk. It may contain lessons learnt, recommendations and next steps.Arouse the audienc

59、es enthusiasmCertainly you want the audience to take with them the major theme or main points of the message, but you should also give them a phrase or quotation to connect with the summary/conclusion. For example, in stressing the value of preparation, you can end with the remark by a former Senato

60、r Bill Bradley, “When you are not practising, remember, someone somewhere is practising and when you meet him, he will win.”Learning about communicationUsing an Effective ClosingOther tipsUse a strong, obvious transitional phrase such as “in conclusion” or “to summarize” to introduce your closing re