數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)重要術(shù)語(yǔ)(中英文)

1、單詞匯總(數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)專(zhuān)業(yè)一點(diǎn)的詞匯其實(shí)主要就是每章后面reviewitems的內(nèi)容，在這里簡(jiǎn)單列一下，如果你實(shí)在沒(méi)時(shí)間看書(shū)，至少這些單詞要認(rèn)識(shí)。)：數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)：databasesystem(DS),databasemanagementsystem(DBMS)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)(DS),數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)(DBMS)關(guān)系和關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)table=relation，column=attribute屬性，domain,atomicdomain,row=tuple，relationaldatabase,relationschema,relationinstance,databaseschema,databaseinst

2、ance;表=關(guān)系，列=屬性屬性，域，原子域，排=元組，關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，關(guān)系模式，關(guān)系實(shí)例，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)模式，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)實(shí)例;key們:superkey,candidatekey,primarykey,foreignkey,referencingrelation,referencedrelation;超碼，候選碼，主碼，外碼，參照關(guān)系，被參照關(guān)系關(guān)系代數(shù)(relationalalgebra):selection,project,naturaljoin,Cartesianproduct,setoperations,union,intersect,setdifference(exceptminus),Rena

3、me,assignment,outerjoin,grouping,tuplerelationcalculus(關(guān)系代數(shù))：選擇，項(xiàng)目，自然連接，笛卡爾積，集合運(yùn)算，集，交集，集合差(除負(fù))，重命名，分配，外連接，分組，元組關(guān)系演算sql組成：DDL：數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)模式定義語(yǔ)言，關(guān)鍵字：createDML：數(shù)據(jù)操縱語(yǔ)言，關(guān)鍵字：Insert、delete、updateDCL：數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)控制語(yǔ)言，關(guān)鍵字：grant、removeDQL：數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)查詢(xún)語(yǔ)言，關(guān)鍵字：select8.SQL語(yǔ)言：DDL，DML，DCL，QL，sqlquerystructure,aggregatefunctions,nestedsubq

4、ueries,exists(asanoperator),unique(asanoperator),scalarsubquery,assertion,index(indices),catalogs,authorization,allprivileges,granting,revoking,grantoption,trigger,storedprocedure,storedfunctionSQL語(yǔ)言：DDL，DML，DCL,QL,SQL查詢(xún)結(jié)構(gòu)，聚合函數(shù)，嵌套子查詢(xún)，存在(如運(yùn)營(yíng)商)，獨(dú)特的(如運(yùn)營(yíng)商)，標(biāo)量子查詢(xún)，斷言指數(shù)(指數(shù))，目錄，授權(quán)，所有權(quán)限，授予，撤銷(xiāo)，GRANTOPTION，觸發(fā)器

5、，存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程，存儲(chǔ)函數(shù)表結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān)：Integrityconstraints,domainconstraints,referentialintegrityconstraints完整性約束，域名約束，參照完整性約束數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)(ER模型)：Entity-Relationshipdatamodel,ERdiagram,compositeattribute,single-valuedandmultivaluedattribute,derivedattribute,binaryrelationshipset,degreeofrelationshipset,mappingcardinality,1-1,1-m

6、,m-nrelationshipset(onetoone,onetomany,manytomany),participation,partialortotalparticipation,weakentitysets,discriminatorattributes,specializationandgeneralization實(shí)體關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)模型，ER圖，復(fù)合屬性，單值和多值屬性，派生屬性，二元關(guān)系集，關(guān)系集，映射基數(shù)的程度，1-1，1-米，MN關(guān)系集合(一對(duì)一，一對(duì)多，多對(duì)多)，參與部分或全部參與，弱實(shí)體集，分辨符屬性，特化和概化11.函數(shù)依賴(lài)?yán)碚摚篺unctionaldependence,nor

7、malization,losslessjoin(orlossless)decomposition,FirstNormalForm(1NF),thethirdnormalform(3NF),Boyce-coddnormalform(BCNF),RsatisfiesF,FholdsonR,Dependencypreservation保持依賴(lài),Trivial,closureofasetoffunctionaldependencies函數(shù)依賴(lài)集的閉包,closureofasetofattributes屬性集閉包,ArmstrongsaxiomsArmstrong公理，reflexivityrule自反

8、律，augmentationrule,增廣率,transitivity傳遞律,restrictionofFtoRi，F(xiàn)在Ri上的限定，canonicalcover正則覆蓋,extraneousattributes無(wú)關(guān)屬性,decompositionalgorithm分解算法.函數(shù)依賴(lài)，規(guī)范化，無(wú)損連接（或無(wú)損）分解，第一范式（1NF）,第三范式（3NF）BC范式（BCNF），R滿(mǎn)足F，F(xiàn)持有R,依賴(lài)保存，平凡，一組函數(shù)依賴(lài)封閉，一組屬性，&事務(wù)：transition,ACIDpropertiesACID特性,并發(fā)控制系統(tǒng)concurrencycontrolsystem，故障恢復(fù)系統(tǒng)recove

9、rysystem事務(wù)狀態(tài)transitionstate,活動(dòng)的active,部分提交的partiallycommitted,失敗的failed,中止的aborted,提交的committed,已結(jié)束的terminated,調(diào)度schedule操作沖突conflictofoperations,沖突等價(jià)conflictequivalence,沖突可串行化conflictserializablity,可串行化順序serializablityorder,聯(lián)級(jí)回滾cascadingrollback,封鎖協(xié)議lockingprotocol,共享（S）鎖shared-modelock（S-lock）,排他（

10、X）鎖exclusive-modelock（X-lock）,相容性compatibility,兩階段封鎖協(xié)議2-phaselockingprotocol,意向鎖intentionlock,時(shí)間戳timestamp,恢復(fù)機(jī)制recoveryscheme,日志log,基于日志的恢復(fù)log-basedrecovery,延遲的修改deferredmodification,立即的修改immediatemodification,檢查點(diǎn)checkpoint.數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)DBSDatabaseSystem數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用Database-systemapplications文件處理系統(tǒng)file-processin

11、gsystem數(shù)據(jù)不一致性datainconsistency一致性約束consistencyconstraint數(shù)據(jù)抽象DataAbstraction實(shí)例instance模式schema物理模式physicalschema邏輯模式logicalschema物理數(shù)據(jù)獨(dú)立性physicaldataindependence數(shù)據(jù)模型datamodel實(shí)體-聯(lián)系模型entity-relationshipmodel（E-R）關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)模型relationaldatamodel基于對(duì)象的數(shù)據(jù)模型object-baseddatamodel半結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)模型semistructureddatamodel數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)語(yǔ)言d

12、atabaselanguage數(shù)據(jù)定義語(yǔ)言data-definitionlanguage數(shù)據(jù)操縱語(yǔ)言data-manipulationlanguage查詢(xún)語(yǔ)言querylanguage元數(shù)據(jù)metadata應(yīng)用程序applicationprogram規(guī)范化normalization數(shù)據(jù)字典datadictionary存儲(chǔ)管理器storagemanager查詢(xún)管理器queryprocessor事務(wù)transaction原子性atomicity故障恢復(fù)failurerecovery并發(fā)控制concurrency-control兩層和三層數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)體系結(jié)構(gòu)two-tier/three-tier數(shù)據(jù)挖掘d

13、atamining數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理員DBAdatabaseadministrator表table關(guān)系relation元組tuple空值nullvalue數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)模式databaseschema數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)實(shí)例databaseinstance關(guān)系模式relationschema關(guān)系實(shí)例relationinstance碼keys超碼superkey候選碼candidatekey主碼primarykey外碼foreignkey參照關(guān)系referencingrelation被參照關(guān)系referencedrelation屬性attribute域domain原子域atomicdomain參照完整性約束referenti

14、alintegrityconstraint模式圖schemadiagram查詢(xún)語(yǔ)言querylanguage過(guò)程化語(yǔ)言procedurallanguage非過(guò)程化語(yǔ)言nonprocedurallanguage關(guān)系運(yùn)算operationsonrelations選擇元組selectionoftuples選擇屬性selectionofattributes自然連接naturaljoin笛卡爾積Cartesianproduct集合運(yùn)算setoperations關(guān)系代數(shù)relationalalgebraSQL查詢(xún)語(yǔ)言SQLquerystructureSelect字句selectclauseFrom字句fr

15、omclauseWhere字句whereclause自然連接運(yùn)算naturaljoinoperationAs字句asclauseOrderby字句orderbyclause相關(guān)名稱(chēng)(相關(guān)變量，元組變量)correlationname(correlationvariable，tuplevariable)集合運(yùn)算setoperationsUnionInterestExcept空值nullvalues真值“unknown”truth“unknown”聚集函數(shù)aggregatefunctionsavg，min，max，sum，countgroupbyhaving嵌套子查詢(xún)nestedsubquerie

16、s集合比較setcomparisons，=，=some，allexistsuniquelateral字句lateralclausewith字句withclause標(biāo)量子查詢(xún)scalarsubquery數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)修改databasemodification刪除deletion插入insertion更新updating參照完整性referentialintegrity參照完整性約束referential-integrityconstraint或子集依賴(lài)subsetdependency可延遲的deferrable斷言assertion連接類(lèi)型jointypes內(nèi)連接和外連接innerandouterjo

17、in左外連接、右外連接和全外連接left、rightandfullouterjoinNatural連接條件、using連接條件和on連接條件naturalusingandsoon視圖定義viewdefinition物化視圖materializedviews視圖更新viewupdate事務(wù)transactions提交commitwork回滾rollbackwork原子事務(wù)atomictransaction完整性約束integrityconstraints域約束domainconstraints唯一性約束uniqueconstraintCheck字句checkclause參照完整性referent

18、ialintegrity級(jí)聯(lián)刪除cascadingdelete級(jí)聯(lián)更新cascadingupdates斷言assertions日期和時(shí)間類(lèi)型dateandtimetypes默認(rèn)值defaultvalues索引index大對(duì)象largeobject用戶(hù)定義類(lèi)型user-definedtypes域domains目錄catalogs模式schemas授權(quán)authorization權(quán)限privileges選擇select插入insert更新update所有權(quán)限allprivileges授予權(quán)限grantingofprivileges收回權(quán)限r(nóng)evokingofprivileges授予權(quán)限的權(quán)限priv

19、ilegestoprivilegesGrantoption角色roles視圖授權(quán)authorizationonviews執(zhí)行授權(quán)executeauthorization調(diào)用者權(quán)限invokerprivileges行級(jí)授權(quán)row-levelauthorizationJDBCODBC預(yù)備語(yǔ)句preparedstatements訪問(wèn)元數(shù)據(jù)accessingmetadataSQL注入SQLinjection嵌入式SQLembeddedSQL游標(biāo)cursors可更新的游標(biāo)updatablecursors動(dòng)態(tài)SQLdynamicSQLSQL函數(shù)SQLfunctions存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程storedprocedure

20、s過(guò)程化結(jié)構(gòu)proceduralconstructs外部語(yǔ)言例程externallanguageroutines觸發(fā)器triggerBefore和after觸發(fā)器beforeandaftertriggers過(guò)渡變量和過(guò)渡表transitionvariablesandtables遞歸查詢(xún)r(jià)ecursivequeries單調(diào)查詢(xún)monotonicqueries排名函數(shù)rankingfunctionsRankDenserankPartitionby分窗windowing聯(lián)機(jī)分析處理（OLAP）onlineanalyticalprocessing多維數(shù)據(jù)multidimensionaldata度量屬性

21、measureattributes維屬性dimensionattributes轉(zhuǎn)軸pivoting數(shù)據(jù)立方體datacube切片和切塊slicinganddicing上卷和下鉆rollupanddrilldown交叉表cross-tabulation第七章實(shí)體-聯(lián)系數(shù)據(jù)模型Entity-relationshipdatamodel實(shí)體和實(shí)體集entityandentityset屬性attribute域domain簡(jiǎn)單和復(fù)合屬性simpleandcompositeattributes單值和多值屬性single-valuedandmultivaluedattributes空值nullvalue派生屬

22、性derivedattribute超碼、候選碼以及主碼superkey,candidatekey,andprimarykey聯(lián)系和聯(lián)系集relationshipandrelationshipset二元聯(lián)系集binaryrelationshipset聯(lián)系集的度degreeofrelationshipset描述性屬性descriptiveattributes超碼、候選碼以及主碼superkey,candidatekey,andprimarykey角色role自環(huán)聯(lián)系集recursiverelationshipsetE-R圖E-Rdiagram映射基數(shù)mappingcardinality一對(duì)一聯(lián)系o

23、ne-to-onerelationship一對(duì)多聯(lián)系one-to-manyrelationship多對(duì)一聯(lián)系many-to-onerelationship多對(duì)多聯(lián)系many-to-manyrelationship參與participation全部參與totalparticipation部分參與partialparticipation弱實(shí)體集和強(qiáng)實(shí)體集weakentitysetsandstrongentitysets分辨符屬性discriminatorattributes標(biāo)識(shí)聯(lián)系identifyingrelationship特化和概化specializationandgeneralization超類(lèi)和子類(lèi)superclassandsubclass屬性繼承attributeinheritance單和多繼承singleandmultipleinheritance條件定義的和用戶(hù)定義的成員資格condition-definedanduserdefinedmembership不相交概化和重疊概化disjointandoverlappinggeneralization全部概化和部分概化totalandpartialgeneralization聚集aggregationUMLUML類(lèi)圖UMLclassdiagram第八章E-R模型和規(guī)范化E-Rmode