XXXX年MBAMPA模擬考試-英語(yǔ)卷

1、英語(yǔ) 第19頁(yè) 共19頁(yè) 版權(quán)所有 翻印必究啟用前絕密2011年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（二）試題英語(yǔ)（A2卷） 考生注意事項(xiàng)1. 考生必須嚴(yán)格遵守各項(xiàng)考場(chǎng)規(guī)則。2. 答題前，考生應(yīng)將答題卡上的“考生姓名”、“報(bào)考單位”、“考生編號(hào)”等信息填寫(xiě)清楚，并與準(zhǔn)考證上的一致。3. 答案必須按要求填涂或?qū)懺谥付ǖ拇痤}卡上。詞匯知識(shí)、綜合填空、閱讀理解的答案填涂在答題卡（一）上，英譯漢的答案和作文的寫(xiě)在答題卡（二）上。填涂部分應(yīng)該按照答題卡上的要求用2B鉛筆完成。如要改動(dòng)，必須用橡皮擦干凈。書(shū)寫(xiě)部分（英譯漢的答案和作文）必須用藍(lán)（黑）色字跡鋼筆、圓珠筆或簽字筆在答題卡上作答。4. 答題卡嚴(yán)禁折疊。

2、考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡（一）和答題卡（二）一起放入原試卷袋中，試卷交給監(jiān)考人員。 2011年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（二）試題Section IUse of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on Answer Sheet 1(10 points)Individuals and businesses have legal protection for intellectual property th

3、ey create and own. Intellectual property _1_from creative thinking and may include products, _2_, processes, and ideas. Intellectual property is protected _3_ misappropriation (盜用) Misappropriation is taking the intellectual property of others without _4_ compensation and using it for monetary gain.

4、Legal protection is provided for the _5_ of intellectual property. The three common types of legal protection are patents, copyrights, and trademarks.Patents provide exclusive use of inventions. If the U.S. Patent Office _6_ a patent, it is confirming that the intellectual property is _7_. The paten

5、t prevents others from making, using, or selling the invention without the owners _8_ for a period of 20 years.Copyright are similar to patents _9_ that they are applied to artistic works. A copyright protects the creator of an _10_ artistic or intellectual work, such as a song or a novel. A copyrig

6、ht gives the owner exclusive rights to copy, _11_, display, or perform the work. The copyright prevents others from using and selling the work. The _12_ of a copyright is typically the lifetime of the author _13_ an additional 70 years.Trademarks are words, names, or symbols that identify the manufa

7、cturer of a product and _14_ it from similar goods of others. A servicemark is similar to a trademark _15_ is used to identify service. A trademark prevents others from using the _16_ or a similar word, name, or symbol to take advantage of the recognition and _17_ of the brand or to create confusion

8、 in the marketplace. _18_ registration, a trademark is usually granted for a period of ten years. It can be _19_ for additional ten-year periods indefinitely as _20_ as the marks use continues. 1.A.retrievesB.deviatesC.resultsD.departs2.A.servicesB.reservesC.assumptionsD.motions3.A.forB.withC.byD.fr

9、om4.A.soundB.partialC.dueD.random5.A.usersB.ownersC.mastersD.executives6.A.affordsB.affiliatesC.fundsD.grants7.A.solemnB.soberC.uniqueD.universal8.A.perspectiveB.permissionC.conformityD.consensus9.A.exceptB.besidesC.beyondD.despite10.A.absoluteB.alternativeC.originalD.orthodox11.A.presumeB.stimulate

10、C.nominateD.distribute12.A.rangeB.lengthC.scaleD.extent13.A.plus B.versusC.viaD.until14.A.distract B.differC.distinguishD.disconnect15.A.or B.butC.soD.whereas16.A.identical B.analogicalC.literalD.parallel17.A.ambiguity B.utilityC.popularityD.proximity18.A.From B.OverC.BeforeD.Upon19.A.recurred B.ren

11、ewedC.recalledD.recovered20.A.long B.soonC.farD.wellSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1 (40 points)Text 1Within a large concrete room, cut out of a moun

12、tain on a freezing-told island just 1,000 kilometers from the North Pole, could lie the future of humanity.The room is a vault (地下庫(kù)) designed to hold around 2 million seeds, representing all known varieties of the worlds crops. It is being built to safeguard the worlds food supply against nuclear wa

13、r, climate change, terrorism, rising sea levels, earthquakes and the collapse of electricity supplies. “If the worst came to the worst, this would allow the world to reconstruct agriculture on this planet.” says Cary Fowler, director of the Global Crop Diversity Trust, an independent international o

14、rganization promoting the project.The Norwegian (挪威的) government is planning to create the seed bank next year at the request of crop scientists. The 3 million vault will be built deep inside a sandstone mountain on the Norwegian Arctic island of Spitsbergen. The vault will have metre-thick walls of

15、 reinforced concrete and will be protected behind two airlocks and high-security doors.The vaults seed collection will represent the products of some 10,000 years of plant breeding by the worlds famers. Though most are no longer widely planted, the varieties contain vital genetic properties still re

16、gularly used in plant breeding.To survive, the seeds need freezing temperatures. Operators plan to replace the air inside thevault each winter, when temperatures in Spitsbergen are around -18. But even if some disaster meant that the vault was abandoned, the permanently frozen soil would keep the se

17、eds alive. And even accelerated global warming would take many decades to penetrate the mountain vault.“This will be the worlds most secure gene bank,” says Fowler. “But its seeds will only be used when all other samples have gone for some reason.”The project comes at a time when there is growing co

18、ncern about the safety of existing seed banks around the world. Many have been criticized for poor security, ageing refrigeration (冷藏) systems and vulnerable electricity supplies.The scheme won UN approval at a meeting of the Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome in October 2005. A feasibility s

19、tudy said the facility “would essentially be built to last forever”.21.The Norwegian vault is important in that _.A. the seeds in it represent the rarest varieties of worlds crops.B. the seeds in it could revive agriculture if the worst thing should happenC. it is built deep in a mountain on a freez

20、ing-cold Arctic islandD. it is strong enough against all disasters caused by man and nature22. The seed bank project was proposed by _.A. the Norwegian government B. Norwegian farmersC. Spitsbergen residents D. agricultural scientists23. The seeds in the vault will be stored _.A. as samples of world

21、 crop varietiesB. as products of world plant breedingC. for their valuable genetic propertiesD. for their resistance to plant diseases24. For the seed bank project to be successful, the most important factor is probably_.A. constructing tight airlocksB. maintaining high securityC. keeping freezing t

22、emperaturesD. storing large quantities of seeds25.Which of the following statements is true?A.The Norwegian vault models after existing seed banksB.The Spitsbergen seed bank is expected to last 10,000 yearsC.The existing seed banks have potential problemsD.The UN financed the Spitsbergen seed bankTe

23、xt 2Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the Civil War, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.

24、 The development of the railroad and telegraph systems during the middle third of the nineteenth century led to significant improvements in the speed, volume, and regularity of shipments and communications, making possible a fundamental transformation in the production and distribution of goods.In a

25、griculture, the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators, the cotton presses, the warehouses, and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so many of the nations farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy against them. In manufacturing, the transformation was marked by the

26、emergence of a “new factory system” in which plants became larger, more complex, and more systematically organized and managed. And in distribution, the transformation was marked by the emergence of the jobber, the wholesaler, and the mass retailer. These changes radically altered the nature of work

27、 during the half century between 1870 and 1920.To be sure, there were still small workshops, where skilled craftspeople manufactured products ranging from newspapers to cabinets to plumbing fixtures. There were the sweatshops in city tenements, where groups of men and women in household settings man

28、ufactured clothing or cigars on a piecework basis. And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork where individual contractors presided over what were essentially handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within a single building. But as the number of wage earners in manufacturing rose fr

29、om 2.7 million in 1880 to 4.5 million in 1900 to 8.4 million in 1920, the number of huge plants like the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia burgeoned, as did the size of the average plant. (The Baldwin Works had 600 employees in 1855, 3,000 in 1875, and 8,000 in 1900.) By 1920, at least in the

30、 northeastern United States where most of the nations manufacturing wage earners were concentrated, three-quarters of those worked in factories with more than 100 employees and 30 percent worked in factories with more than 1,000 employees.26.What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultur

31、al sector of the economy after the Civil War?A.New technological developments had little effect on farmers.B.The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.C.Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.D.Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural t

32、ransportation.27.Which of the following was NOT mentioned as part of the “new factory system?”A.A change in the organization of factories.B.A growth in the complexity of factories.C.An increase in the size of factories.D.An increase in the cost of manufacturing industrial products.28.Which of the fo

33、llowing statements about manufacturing before 1870 can be inferred from the passage?A.Most manufacturing activity was highly organized.B.Most manufacturing occurred in relatively small plants.C.The most commonly manufactured goods were cotton presses.D.Manufacturing and agriculture each made up abou

34、t half of the nations economy.29.The author mentions the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Paragraph 3 because it wasA.a well-known metal-worksB.the first plant of its kind in PhiladelphiaC.typical of the large factories that were becoming more commonD.typical of factories that consisted of a single build

35、ing30.The word “presided over” in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to A.managed B.led toC.worked inD.producedText 3In 1985 when a Japan Air Lines (JAL) jet crashed, its president, Yasumoto Takagi, called each victims family to apologize, and then promptly resigned. And in 1987, when a subsidiary o

36、f Toshiba sold sensitive military technology to the former Soviet Union, the chairman of Toshiba gave up his post. These executive actions, which Toshiba calls “the highest form of apology,” may seem bizarre to US managers. No one at Boeing resigned after the JAL crash, which may have been caused by

37、 a faulty Boeing repair. The difference between the two business cultures centers around different definitions of delegation. While US executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees, Japanese executives delegate only authoritythe responsibility is still theirs. Although the sub

38、sidiary that sold the sensitive technology to the Soviets had its own management, the Toshiba top executives said they “must take personal responsibility for not creating an atmosphere throughout the Toshiba group that would make such activity unthinkable, even in an independently run subsidiary.” S

39、uch acceptance of community responsibility is not unique to businesses in Japan. School principals in Japan have resigned when their students committed major crimes after school hours. Even if they do not quit, Japanese executives will often accept primary responsibility in other ways, such as takin

40、g the first pay cut when a company gets into financial trouble. Such personal sacrifices, even if they are largely symbolic, help to create the sense of community and employee loyalty that is crucial to the Japanese way of doing business. Harvard Business School professor George Lodge calls the ritu

41、al acceptance of blame “almost a feudal (封建的) way of purging (清除) the community of dishonor,” and to some in the United States, such resignations look cowardly. However, in an era in which both business and governmental leaders seem particularly good at evading responsibility, many US managers would

42、 probably welcome an infusion (灌輸) of the Japanese sense of responsibility, If, for instance, US automobile company executives offered to reduce their own salaries before they asked their workers to take pay cuts, negotiations would probably take on a very different character. 31. Why did the chairm

43、an of Toshiba resign his position in 1987? A.In Japan, the leakage of a state secret to Russians is a grave crime. B.He had been under attack for shifting responsibility to his subordinates. C.In Japan, the chief executive of a corporation is held responsible for the mistake made by its subsidiaries

44、. D.He had been accused of being cowardly towards crises that were taking place in his corporation. 32. According to the passage if you want to be a good manager in Japan, you have to _. apologize promptly for your subordinates mistakes be skillful in accepting blames from customers make symbolic sa

45、crifices whenever necessary create a strong sense of company loyalty 33.Whats Professor George Lodges attitude towards the resignations of Japanese corporate leaders? A.sympatheticB.biased C.critical D.approving. 34.Which of the following statements is TRUE? Boeing had nothing to do with the JAL air

46、 crash in 1985. American executives consider authority and responsibility inseparable. School principals bear legal responsibility for students crimes. Persuading employees to take pay cuts doesnt help solve corporate crises. 35.The passage is mainly about _. A.resignation as an effective way of dea

47、ling with business crises B.the importance of delegating responsibility to employees C.ways of evading responsibility in times of crises D.the difference between two business cultures Text 4The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were marked by the development

48、of an international Art Nouveau style, characterized by sinuous lines, floral and vegetable motifs, and soft evanescent coloration. The Art Nouveau style was an eclectic one, bringing together elements of Japanese art, motifs of ancient cultures, and natural forms. The glass objects of this style we

49、re elegant in outline, although often deliberately distorted, with pale or iridescent surfaces. A favored device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been buried. Much of the Art Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had been

50、generically termed “art glass.” Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and relied for its effect upon carefully chosen color combinations and innovative techniques.France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style; among the most celebrated was Emile Galle (1846-1904

51、). In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully combining ancient Egyptian,

52、Japanese, and Persian motifs.The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920s. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the

53、 century. At first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and designers, Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers after the First World War. The basic tenet of the movementthat function should determine formwas not a new concept. Soon a distinct aesthetic code ev

54、olved: form should be simple, surfaces plain, and any ornament should be based on geometric relationships. This new design concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades, created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of

55、glass to fall out of favor. The new taste demanded dramatic effects of contrast, stark outline, and complex textural surfaces.36.What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?A.Design elements in the Art Nouveau styleB.The popularity of the Art Nouveau styleC.Production techniques for art glassD.Color combin

56、ations typical of the Art Nouveau style37.What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?A.To compare different Art Nouveau stylesB.To give examples of famous Art Nouveau artistsC.To explain why Art Nouveau glass was so popular in the United StatesD.To show the impact Art Nouveau had on other cultures arou

57、nd the world38.What does the author mean by stating that “function should determine form” (para 3, line 6)?A.A useful object should not be attractiveB.The purpose of an object should influence its formC.The design of an object is considered more significant than its functionD.The form of an object s

58、hould not include decorative elements39.It can be inferred from the passage that one reason Functionalism became popular was that itA.clearly distinguished between art and designB.appealed to people who liked complex painted designsC.reflected a common desire to break from the pastD.was easily inter

59、preted by the general public40.Paragraph 3 supports which of the following statements about Functionalism?A.Its design concept avoided geometric shapes.B.It started on a small scale and then spread gradually.C.It was a major force in the decorative arts before the First World WarD.It was not attract

60、ive to architects and designersPart BDirections: Read the following text and then answer the questions by finding a subtitle for each of the marked parts or paragraphs. There are two extra items in the subtitle. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1 (10 points)Growth in the market for glass craftsHist