翻譯理論與技巧試題集及答案

1、翻譯理論與技巧 (A) 試題集及答案（紅色為自己所出題 ）一 Fill in the blanks. TOC o 1-5 h z According to sociosemiotic theories, meaning consists of three aspects: , and .As far as communicative function is concerned, English sentences can be classified into four types: , , and .Professor Xu Yuanzhong ever proposed that liter

2、ary translation should conform to the principle of “, andThe basic procedures of translation are made up of three steps: , and .Peter Newmarkd ivided the function of language into six kinds, among which the most important four functions are , , and .“Literal translation ” is based on-language-orient

3、edprinciple, while “l(fā)iberaltranslation ” is based on-language-oriented principle.Translators often abide by -oriented principle when they translate literary worksWhen we see the sun, we often think of hope. It s the meaning of the sun we in fact think of.Yan Fus standard for good translation is , an

4、d .According to Peter Newmark, the expression “How do you do ” performs function.We should analyze, and beforewe really put something into the target language.According to the structure, English sentences can be classified into sentences, sentences,sentences andsentences.The three principles for tra

5、nslation advocated by Alexander Fraser Tytler are:The sentence “The earth goes around the sun” performs the function of language.When we hear somebody speaks ungrammatically, we know that he is not well-educated. Here the language carries the meaning.According to the different signs that translation

6、 deals with,translationintocanbeclassified, a ortranslation can be classified oTranslation can be regarded as aAccording to different topics, translation, translation and二 Translating the following sentences into Chinese.Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, p

7、roposed healths.The crafty enemy was ready to launch a new attack while holding out the olive branch.Her dark eyes made little reflected stars. She was looking at him as she was always looking at him when he awakened.The pictures that linger in his mind, called up in a moment by such sensationsas th

8、e smell of roses or of new-mown hay, are of a simpler nature.It s not easy to become a member of that clubthey want peoplewho haveplenty of money to spend, not just every Tom , Dick, and Harry.The door was unlocked. She went inside and sat in a stupor. She was near collapse, barely able to move her

9、swollen feet.But my mother had not passed this way for years. And the slimness and the stride were long past, too.I was limp as a dish rag. My back felt as though it had been beaten with wires.As you know, we operate in a highly competitive market in which we have been forced to cut our prices to th

10、e minimum.I sat with his wife in their living room, looking out the glassdoors to the backyards, and there was Allen s pool, still covered with black plastic that had been stretched across it for winter.Time did not spoil the beauty of the walls, nor the palace itself, lying like a jewel in the holl

11、ow of a hand.It is obvious that this was merely a case of robbing Peter to pay Paul. There was no real clearing up of the outstanding debt.He doubtlessly expected hugs, tablefuls of food, tears, laughter, and conversation followed by more conversation, then hugs and more hugs all over again, without

12、 end.There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expanse than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavour of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, wh

13、ich may be her chief interest andpride.English prose is elaborate rather than simple. It was not always so.When I go around on speaking engagements, they all expect me to assume a Quaker-Oats look.The door was unlocked. She went inside and sat in a stupor. She was near collapse, barely able to move

14、her swollen feet.“ It is true that the enemey won the battle, but theirs is but a Pyrrhic victory. ” said the General.A dirty-yellow sky had threatened rain all day and a hollow stillness hung over the valley.I pulled up a chair and sat down. I sat with my legs wide apart at first. But this struck m

15、e as being irreverent and too familiar. So I put my knees together and let my hands rest loosely on them.One day, while out on the bleak moors, Pip is startled by a hulking, menacing man who threatens him if he does not bring him some food immediately.Hygeia herself would have fallen sick under such

16、 a regimen; and how much more this poor old nervous victimOur Band-Aid approach to economic development must be changed.It would have been only courteous to kneel at the proper time, as all did, since I had voluntarily come to the church.It develops an argument; it cites instances; it reaches a conc

17、lusion.Father s attitude toward anybody who wasn t his kind used topuzzle me.Several blocks from the park, running parallel to it, Clement Street bustles like a second Chinatown with dozens of ethnic restaurants.Wek now that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can se

18、e clearly in the night.She stopped listening. She felt as though she had been slapped to the extreme outer edge of life, into a cold darkness.Nancy Reagan, and not George Gallup, may well have the final say.Mr. Kingsley and his Red Brick boys will have to look to their laurels.The hungry boy was wol

19、fing down his dinner.I have a dream that my four little children will one day live ina nation where they will not be judged by the color of the skin but by the content of their character.The importance of oceanography as a key to the understanding of our planet is seldom as well appreciated.I pulled

20、 up a chair and sat down. I sat with my legs wide apart at first. But this struck me as being irreverent and too familiar.36373839404142434445464748495051525354So I put my knees together and let my hands rest loosely on them.There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of the imperialist

21、s.A country that wishes to become a membero f WTO is to send in its application before a working party is formed by WTOfo r examination of the specific conditions of the country.When prices range from $34,500 to $50,000 per car, evidence that these machines are more than a cut above the rest is esse

22、ntial.One of the most heartwarming aspects of people who are born with a facial disfigurement, whether minor or major, is the number of them who do not allow it to upset their lives, even reaching out to help others with the same problem.The heavily laden infantry, though enjoying a superiority of s

23、ix-to-one, simply could not keep to schedule and lost 60000 men in one day.have a cake in the oven that I was making for the Senora sdinner.The world is scraping bottom in the deepest economic slump in a half-century.Now, dear, hurry homea nd make yourself pretty in your pink dress.Military strategy

24、 may bear some similarity to the chessboard but it is dangerous to carry the analogy too far.Studies show that otherwise rational people act irrationally when forced to stand in line or wait in crowds, even becoming violent.Prolonged high unemployment will threaten the current leadership in other ca

25、pitals as well, and it could ignite violent upheavals in some of the most hard-pressed land.Many advocated strong action to bring the Prime Minister into line.He cannot wholly detach himself from the technicalities and personal inconveniences which accompany the battle for intelligence.will not have

26、 it said that I could never teach my daughter proper respect for her elders.Although the recession has reached every corner of the planet, the impact is uneven.think lawyers mistakenly believe complex language enhances the mystique of the law.Not long ago, a foreign visitor whose English is extremel

27、y good told me of his embarrassment in a tea shop.Meanwhile individual schools are moving on their own to redress the imbalance between teaching and research.Weh ave created a faculty of scholars frequently so narrow in their studies and specialized in their scholarship they are simplyincapable of t

28、eaching introductory courses.Then the players find out the lottery is not particularly good bet and they find other forms of gambling.The English language is in very good shape. It is changing in its own undiscoverable way, but it is not going rotten like a plum dropping off a tree.There has always

29、been a close cultural link, or tie between Britain and English-speaking America, not only in literature but also in the popular arts, especially music.We must just make the best of things as they come along.But once I made the decision, I went at it with all flags flying.Autumns mellow hand was upon

30、 the woods, asthey owned already,touched with gold and red and olive.Translate the following passage into Chinese.1 Be very wary of opinions that flatter your self-esteem. Both men and women, nine times out of ten, are firmly convinced of the superior excellence of their own sex. There is abundant e

31、vidence on both sides. If you are a man, you can point out that most poets and men of science are male; if you are a woman, you can retort that so are most criminals. The question is inherently insoluble, but self-esteem conceals this from most people. We are all, whatever part of the world we come

32、from, persuaded that our own nation is superior to all others. Seeing that each nation has its characteristic merits and demerits, we adjust our standard of values so as to make out that the merits possessed by our nation are the really important ones, while its demerits are comparatively trivial. H

33、ere, again, the rational man will admit that the question is one to which there is no demonstrably right answer. It is more difficult to deal with the self-esteem of man as man, because we cannot argue out the matter with some non-human mind. The only way I know of dealing with this general human co

34、nceit is to remind ourselves that man is a brief episode in the life of a small planet in a little corner of the universe, and that for aught we know, other parts of the cosmos may contain beings as superior to ourselves as we are to jelly-fish.Reading is fun, not because the writer is telling you s

35、omething, but because it makes your mind work. Your own imagination works along with the author s or even goes beyond his. Your experience, compared with his, brings you to the same or different conclusions, and your ideas develop as you understand his.Every book stands by itself, like a one-family

36、house, but books in a library are like houses in a city. Although they are separate, together they all add up to something; they are connected with eachother and with other cities. The same ideas, or related ones, turn up in different places; the human problems that repeat themselves in life repeat

37、themselves in literature, but with different solutions according to different writings at different times.Reading can only be fun if you expect it to be. If you concentrate on books somebody tells you “ought ” to read, you probably wont have fun. But if you put down a book you dont like and try anot

38、her till you find one that means something to you, and then relax with it, you will almost certainly have a good timeand if you becomeas a result of reading, better, wiser, kinder, or more gentle, you wont have suffered during the process.It is well that the commonest fruit should be also the best.

39、Ofthe virtues of the orange I have not room fully to speak. It has properties of health giving, as that it cures influenza and establishes the complexion. It is clean, for whoever handles it on its way to your table, but handles its outer covering, its topand forms an excellent The pip can be flicke

40、d peel makes a slide fornot the orange suchcoat, which is left in the hall. It is round, substitute with the young for a cricket ball. at your enemies, and quite a small piece of an old gentleman.But all this would count nothing haddelightful qualities of taste. I dare not let myself go upon this su

41、bject. I am a slave to its sweetness. I grudge every marriage in that it means a fresh supply of orange blossom, the promise of so much golden fruit cut short. However, the world must go on.With the orange we do live year in and year out. That speaks wellfor the orange. The fact is that there is an

42、honeaty about the orange which appeals to all of us. If it is going to be badfor the bestof us are bad sometimesit begins to be bad from the outside, not from the inside. How manya pear which presents a blooming face to the world is rotten at the core. How many an innocent-looking apple is harbourin

43、g a worm in the bud. But the orange has no secret faults. Its outside is a mirror of its inside, and if you are quick you can tell the shopman so before he slips it into the bag.It is odd to watch with what feverish ardor the Americans pursue prosperity and how they are ever tormented by the shadowy

44、 suspicion that they may not have chosen the shortest route to get it.Americans cleave to the things of this world as if assured that they will never die, and yet are in such a rush to snatch any that come within their reach, as if expecting to stop living before they have relished them. They clutch

45、 everything but hold nothing fast, and so lose grip as they hurry after some new delight.An American will build a house in which to pass his old age andsell it before the roof is on; he will plant a garden and rent itjust as the trees are coming into bearing; he will clear a field and leave others t

46、o reap the harvest; he will take up a profession and leave it, settle in one place and soon go off elsewhere with his changing desires. If his private business allows him a moment s relaxation, he will plunge at once into the whirlpool of politics. Then, if at the end of a year crammedw ith work he

47、has a little spare leisure, his restless curiosity goes with him traveling up and down the vast territories of the United States. Thus he will travel five hundred miles in a few days as a distraction from his happiness.Death steps is in the end and stops him before he has grown tired of this futile

48、pursuit of that complete felicity which always escapes him.5 Through all of our history we have pondered the stars and mused whether humanity is unique or if, somewhere else in the dark of the night sky, there are other beings who contemplate and wonder as we do, fellow thinkers in the cosmos. Such

49、beings might view themselves and the universe differently. There might be very exotic biologies and technologies and societies. In a cosmic setting vast and old beyond ordinary human understanding, we are a little lonely, and we ponder the ultimate significance, if any, of our tiny but exquisite blu

50、e planet. The search for extraterrestrial intelligence is the search for generally acceptable cosmic context for the human species. In the deepest sense, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence is a search for ourselves. Along with the growing dedication to a serious search, a slightly negative

51、 note has merged which is nevertheless very interesting. A few scientists have lately asked a curious question: if extraterrestrial intelligenceis abundant, why have we not already seen itsmanifestations6 A real woman, by my definition, neither despises nor worships men, but is proud not to have bee

52、n born a man, does everything she can to avoid thinking or acting like one,knows the full extent of herpowers, and feels free to reject all arbitrary man-madeo bligations. She is her own oracle of right and wrong, firmly believing in her five sound senses and intuitive sixth. Once a real woman has b

53、een warned by her nose that those apples are tasteless or assured by her finger-tips that this material is shoddy, no salesman in the world can persuade her to the contrary. Nor, once she has met some personage in private and summed him up with a single keen glance as weak, vain or crooked, will his

54、 mounting public reputation convince her otherwise. She takes pleasure in the company of simple, happy, undemanding women; but seldom or never finds a friend worthy of her full confidence.翻譯理論與技巧（ A）答案一 1 designative meaning or referential meaning, linguistic meaning and pragmatic meaningdeclarative

55、 sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentencesbeauty of meaning, beauty of sound and beauty of formcomprehension, expression and testinginformative function, expressive function, vocative function and aesthetic functionsource, targetAestheticsAssociativeFaithfuln

56、ess, Expressiveness, ElegancephaticGrammar, meaning and structure.Simple, compound, complex, compound complex1) A translation should give a complete transcript of the idea of the original work; 2) The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original; 3) A translati

57、on should have all the ease of the original rmativeindexical meaning.Intralingual translation, interlingual translation, intersemiotic translationscience, art, skill(craft)professional translation, literary translation, general translation二 1 他們的主人，又是割啊，又是倒啊，又是上菜啊，又是切面包啊， 又是說啊，又是笑啊，

58、又是敬酒啊，忙個不停。狡猾的敵人， 一面伸出橄欖枝， 表示愿意講和， 一邊在準備發(fā)動新的攻 勢。她那雙烏黑的眼睛就像亮晶晶的星星在閃爍，他平素醒來的時候，她也 是這樣望著他。然而，縈繞心頭的畫面，那些一經(jīng)嗅到玫瑰花香或新鮮干草的氣息便會 倏地闖入記憶的情景，其實并不復雜。要參加那個俱樂部并非易事他們只吸收手頭闊綽的人， 而不是普通百 姓。門沒鎖上，她走了進去，呆呆地坐了下來，極度的衰弱幾乎使她無力挪 動她那紅腫的雙腳。但是母親已經(jīng)好多年沒有走這條路了， 她那苗條的身段和寬健的步伐也已一去經(jīng)年。我軟得像一團棉花，脊背疼痛得好像被鋼絲抽打過一樣。如你所知，我們正處在一個競爭激烈的市場中，不得不將價

59、格降到了最 低限度。我跟他妻子一起坐在他們家的起居室里，望著玻璃門外的后院。后院 里有阿倫的游泳池，上面還蓋著過冬時鋪上去的黑色塑料蓬。時光的流逝絲毫無損于圍墻的完美，也無損于宅邸本身，它宛如托在 掌心的一顆明珠。顯然，這只是拆東墻補西墻，要徹底還清這么多的債務是絕對不可能 的。無疑問，他以為會有熱烈的擁抱，滿桌的食物，激動的淚水，歡樂的 笑聲，一段接一段的談話，一次又一次的擁抱，沒完沒了。最令女主人失望的是，她花了許多心神或費用來招待客人，可是這位 客人只顧津津有味地與她的丈夫論政治、 談生意， 絲毫也沒注意到咖啡的 濃香、 糕點的松軟或房間內講究的陳設， 而這些卻可能是她最感興趣、 最 為

60、自豪的。今英國散文華巧而欠簡樸，過去卻并非總是如此。我應邀外出演講時，他們都指望我擺出一付毫無表情、一本正經(jīng)的面 孔。 17 門沒鎖上，她走了進去，呆呆地坐了下來，極度的衰弱幾乎使她 無力挪動她那紅腫的雙腳。18 將軍說：“敵人確實贏得了戰(zhàn)斗，但他們的勝利只是皮洛士的勝利，得 不償失?！蹦翘焯焐璋?，整天都像要下雨的樣子，空蕩蕩的山谷一片寂靜。我把椅子挪過去坐下，開始兩腳分開，但我突然覺得這樣顯得不尊重， 太不拘禮節(jié)，便把兩膝并攏，把雙手隨便地放在膝蓋上。一天，匹普外出在陰冷的荒原上游蕩時，一個魁梧、兇狠的男子把他 嚇了一跳。這個男子威脅他，讓他立即為他送些食物來。按照這樣的養(yǎng)身之道，別說這可