2022年遼寧省大連市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高一下學(xué)期期中考試英語試題

1、2021-2022學(xué)年遼寧省大連市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高一下學(xué)期期中考試英語試題（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘 試卷滿分：150分）第二部分 閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分 50 分）第一節(jié)（共 15 小題；每小題 2.5 分，滿分 37.5 分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASHARK CONSERVATION IN SOUTH AFRICATake a two-week trip that you will never forget as a volunteer with sharks on a beautiful stretch of South Africas coastli

2、ne. Head out to sea to witness one of the worlds most powerful (and most misunderstood) creatures on this inspiring project, enjoying watching them from both above and below water.The DAY-BY-DAY scheduleDay 1: Arrive in Cape Town on a Sunday. You will be collected from the airport and spend your fir

3、st night in a guest house in the city centre.Day 2: You will be collected bright and early from the guest house and taken down to the project. The drive takes about 90 minutes. You will receive a welcome and head out to sea to witness your first sharks!Day 3+: Most days you will be out on the boat w

4、ith the sharks, depending on weather. Help out with the full range of tasks on the boats, and in conservation initiatives on land too.Last day: On the final day of your project you will be taken back to Cape Town for your onward travel.The price is 829,including the voluntary work programme with acc

5、ommodations, airport transfers, one night in a guest house in Cape Town, breakfasts daily and lunches when on the boats. Your trip can be extended at a cost of 375 per week.It is an amazing experience! Some volunteers planned to stay for 4 weeks, extended to 6 weeks and still didnt want to come home

6、. If youd like to chat about this holiday or need help, were very happy to help.Call us at 01273 823 700.Email us at rosy.21. When will you really begin your shark watching trip?A. On a Friday.B. On a Saturday.C. On a Sunday.D. On a Monday.22. What will you probably do on the third day if weather pe

7、rmits?A. Sail on the ocean.B. Return to Cape Town.C. Buy some souvenirs.D. Dive with sharks.23. How much will you spend on a three-week shark conservation trip?A. 375.B. 750.C. 829.D. 1,204.【答案】21. D 22. A 23. D【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了一個(gè)為期二周的鯊魚保護(hù)之旅的具體安排和活動(dòng)細(xì)節(jié)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The DAY-BY-DAY schedule中“Day

8、1: Arrive in Cape Town on a Sunday.( 星期天到達(dá)開普敦。)”和“Day 2: You will receive a welcome and head out to sea to witness your first sharks!( 您將受到歡迎，并出海見證您的第一條鯊魚！)”可知，周日到達(dá)觀測鯊魚的地方，第二天看到第一條鯊魚。由此可知，在這次觀測鯊魚之旅的日程安排中，周一可以開始觀測鯊魚之旅。故選D?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Day 3+: Most days you will be out on the boat with the sharks, d

9、epending on weather.( 第三天以后:根據(jù)天氣情況，大部分時(shí)間你會(huì)和鯊魚一起出海。)”可知，如果天氣情況許可，第三天你海上航行觀測鯊魚。故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Take a two-week trip”和倒數(shù)第四段“The price is 829,including the voluntary work programme with accommodations,airport transfers, one night in a guest house in Cape Town, breakfasts daily and lunches when on

10、 the boats. Your trip can be extended at a cost of 375 per week.( 價(jià)格為829英鎊，包括志愿工作計(jì)劃，包括住宿、機(jī)場接送、在開普敦的賓館住一晚、每天早餐和船上午餐。您的旅行可以延長，每周費(fèi)用為375英鎊。)可知，因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)兩周的旅行項(xiàng)目，所以為期三周的鯊魚保護(hù)之旅，你需要支付：829+375=1204。故選D。BEvery day when Glen Oliver orders his morning coffee at the drive-through window of a local cafe, he insists

11、on paying for the order of the person behind him. He also asks the restaurant workers to tell the customer to have a great day, in case theyre not already having one.Oliver has never made a big deal out of his own generous actions until a letter was published by a news website in November. He found

12、out that he had not just bought someone his breakfast he had saved a life.According to the website, someone had written a letter stating that on July 18th, he was planning on committing suicide. The writer said that while he was at the drive-through window, he was planning on going home, writing a n

13、ote and ending his life. When he went to pay for his coffee and muffin, however, the cashier told him that the man in the SUV in front of him had picked up the tab and told him to have a great day.“I wondered why someone would buy coffee for a stranger for no reason,” said the writer. “Why me? Why t

14、oday? If I were a religious man, I would take this as a sign. This random act of kindness was directed at me on this day for a purpose.”When the writer arrived home, he couldnt hold back his tears and started to think about the simple good deed that had affected him so deeply. “I decided at that mom

15、ent to change my plans for the day and do something nice for someone. I ended up helping a neighbor take groceries out of her car and into the house.”The writer says that in the months following that fateful event, he does at least one kind thing for others every day. “To the nice man in the SUV, th

16、ank you from the bottom of my heart. Please know your kind gesture has truly saved a life,” he said. “On July 18, 2017, I had the greatest day.”24. What is Olivers act of kindness every day?A. Buying others breakfast.B. Greeting restaurant workers.C. Publishing positive news.D. Taking groceries for

17、neighbors.25. What is special about Olivers act of kindness on July 18, 2017?A. It brought him thank-you letters.B. It was reported on a news website.C. It was the first time hed paid for others.D. It stopped someone from killing himself.26. What does the underlined phrase “picked up the tab” mean i

18、n Paragraph 3?A. Paid the bill.B. Parked the car.C. Left a message.D. Ordered a drink.27. How did the writer of the letter feel after the event?A. He felt guilty.B. He felt grateful.C. He felt confused.D. He felt saddened.【答案】24. A 25. D 26. A 27. B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。Glen Oliver每天早上為后面的人買早餐，他的善舉無意中挽救了一

19、個(gè)想自殺的人的生命?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第一段Every day when Glen Oliver orders his morning coffee at the drive-through window of a local cafe, he insists on paying for the order of the person behind him.可知，Glen Oliver每天早上為后面人買早餐，故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段He found out that he had not just bought someone his breakfast he

20、had saved a life.和第三段someone had written a letter stating that on July 18th, he was planning on committing suicide.故事介紹和下文I decided at that moment to change my plans for the day and do something nice for someone.可知，2017年7月18日Glen Oliver的善舉使一個(gè)人放棄了要自殺的想法，并決定也為別人做好事。故選D?！?6題詳解】猜測詞義題。此處指當(dāng)這個(gè)人為早餐結(jié)賬時(shí)，收銀員告訴

21、他，坐在他前面的越野車?yán)锏哪莻€(gè)人已經(jīng)給他買了賬單，與第一段he insists on paying for the order of the person behind him呼應(yīng)，picked up the tab指付款買單，與Paid the bill同義，故選A?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段To the nice man in the SUV, thank you from the bottom of my heart.可知，寫信者非常感激Glen Oliver，故選B。CWhat do you do at the end of the day when you re fini

22、shed with work? How you spend your free time can have a big impact (影響) on your mental health, Hobbies can help you relax and ease pent-up (郁結(jié)的) stress caused by all that time in the office or in front of the computer. But, interestingly, how you spend your free time can also impact your work perfor

23、mance.Researchers at the University of Sheffields Institute of Work Psychology in the UK found that developing hobbies can develop your confidence about how well you perform your job. But your hobby has to be significantly different from what you do from 9-to-5 work.To study the connection between w

24、ork and leisure (休閑) activities, researchers employed 129 people who worked and were active in hobbies like rock climbing, musical theater and singing. They had them complete surveys to see how serious and committed they were to their hobbies and how demanding their jobs were. Then, each month for s

25、even months, participants were asked how many hours they spent on their hobbies and how they rated their ability to perform at work.Researchers found that if people have hobbies similar to what they do at work and that they do in an intense (強(qiáng)烈的) way, their on the job confidence can suffer. Its like

26、ly because their work and leisure time have the same mental and physical demands, so theyre always feeling drained. In contrast, people who have hobbies different from their work are happier and healthier. This is also true of those who choose a similar hobby but only participate in a lighthearted w

27、ay. Those playful recreations act as a barrier between their professional and personal lives, giving them rest time to “recharge their batteries”, the researchers say.“When we feel like we have the confidence to handle challenges in our jobs. we re more likely to be able to build a sustainable (可持續(xù)的

28、) job and remain healthy, productive, happy and employable over our lifetimes. Its important to consider how our leisure activities might play a role in that process,” lead researcher Ciara Kelly said in a statement.28. Why can your hobby improve your mental health?A. It helps you to recover from yo

29、ur stress.B. It surely improve your physical strength.C. It enables you to behave more actively.D. It increases your willingness to work hard.29 Which of the following is advised according to paragraph 2?A. A basketball coach goes running.B. A writer keeps a diary every day.C. An e game developer su

30、rfs the Internet.D. A doctor sometimes climbs rocks.30. What does the underlined word “drained” in paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Worried.B. Tired.C. Unconfident.D. Disappointed.31. How can people benefit from hobbies similar to their work?A. Take them seriously.B. Set strict schedules for them.C. Par

31、ticipate in them just for fun.D. Develop them into their business.【答案】28. A 29. D 30. B 31. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。英國謝菲爾德大學(xué)工作心理學(xué)研究所的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，追求愛好可以增強(qiáng)你對自己工作表現(xiàn)的信心，但你的愛好必須與你朝九晚五的工作有顯著的不同。【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的How you spend your free time can have a big impact (影響) on your mental health. Hobbies can help you rel

32、ax and ease pent-up (郁結(jié)的) stress caused by all that time in the office or in front of the computer.(你如何度過空閑時(shí)間對你的精神健康有很大的影響。業(yè)余愛好可以幫助你放松，緩解由于長時(shí)間在辦公室或電腦前而壓抑的壓力)可知，愛好可以提升一個(gè)人的精神健康，其原因在于它能幫助人放松，并緩解郁結(jié)的壓力，從工作壓力中恢復(fù)過來。故選A。【29題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段But your hobby has to be significantly different from what you do from

33、 9-to-5 work.(但是你的愛好必須和你朝九晚五的工作有很大的不同)可知，D選項(xiàng)符合題意，醫(yī)生有時(shí)去攀巖是符合研究結(jié)果的，因?yàn)榕蕩r這一興趣與其醫(yī)生工作差異最明顯。故選D?！?0題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果人們的愛好與工作中所做的事情相似，并以一種強(qiáng)烈的方式追求，那么他們對工作的信心就會(huì)受到影響。這可能是因?yàn)樗麄兊墓ぷ骱托蓍e時(shí)間有相同的精神和身體需求，所以他們總是感到筋疲力盡。因此drained的意思與Tired的意思一致。故選B。【31題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的This is also true of those who choose a simila

34、r hobby but only participate in a lighthearted way.(這也適用于那些選擇類似的愛好，但只以輕松的方式參與的人)可知，人們?nèi)粝霃呐c工作相似的愛好中獲益的話最好以一種輕松的方式對待。因此選項(xiàng)C. Participate in them just for fun.(以娛樂為目的參與自己喜歡的活動(dòng))符合題意。故選C。DRice is eaten all over the world in all different ways. No matter if your rice is white or brown, it has one thing in c

35、ommon, and thats arsenic(砷). Now, researchers from the University of Sheffield say a new and simple way of cooking rice can remove this cancer-causing material while keeping the nutrients which make this food so good.A team from the schools Institute for Sustainable Food discovered the “parboiling w

36、ith absorption method” (PBA) can cut down over half the naturally occurring arsenic in brown rice and 74 percent in white rice. More importantly, this homefriendly kitchen method saves the nutrients rice contains.The PBA method first parboils(將煮到半熟) rice in pre-boiled-water for five minutes. The wat

37、er is then emptied and fresh water is poured into the pot. From there, the rice is cooked normally at lower heat until the water is all taken in.The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classed arsenic as a Group carcinogen, the material that can cause cancer. Unfortunately, rice has this

38、 water-soluble poison because it grows in flooded fields unlike many other grains(谷物).Researchers say arsenic can affect every organ in the human body. It can also result in skin lesions, cancer, diabetes, and lung diseases. Rice tends to hold around 10 times more arsenic than other grains. It usual

39、ly sits in the outer covering of the grain, which makes it more of problem in brown rice. White rice, which is milled(研磨), contains less arsenic but also has fewer nutrients due to the milling process.“For people who eat rice, this is excellent news. There are concerns amongst the population about e

40、ating rice due to arsenic. Previous studies have shown that cooking rice in a lot of water could remove arsenic but the problem is it also removes nutrients,” says lead author Dr. Manoj Menon in a university release. “Our aim was to improve the method to remove arsenic while keeping maximum nutrient

41、s in the cooked rice. Our newly developed method, PBA, is easy and homefriendly so that everyone can use it. We dont know the amount of arsenic in each packet of rice we buy; even though brown rice is nutritionally better than white rice as our data shows, it contains more arsenic than white rice. W

42、ith our new method we are able to significantly reduce the arsenic while reducing the loss of key nutrients.”32. What did the researchers try to do with rice?A. To add more nutrients to it.B. To make it healthy and nutritious.C. To use it as a cure for cancer.D. To recommend it as a popular food.33.

43、 What can we learn about the PBA method?A. It requires water to be changed during cooking.B. It can remove arsenic completely from rice.C. It can change the form of arsenic in rice.D. It will be more effective under a high temperature.34. What makes rice hold arsenic more than other grains?A. Its mi

44、lling process.B. Its high water content.C. Its special structure.D. Its growing condition.35. What does Dr. Manoj Menon say in the last paragraph?A. Rice should be cooked with a small amount of water.B. The PBA method can kill two birds with one stone.C. The PBA method needs to be tested further in

45、daily life.D People liking rice should choose brown rice over white rice.【答案】32. B 33. A 34. D 35. B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文，介紹了一種PBA大米烹飪法，能夠顯著減少大米中砷的含量，同時(shí)減少關(guān)鍵營養(yǎng)素的損失。【32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“No matter if your rice is white or brown, it has one thing in common, and thats arsenic. Now, researchers from the Univer

46、sity of Sheffield say a new and simple way of cooking rice can remove this cancer-causing material while keeping the nutrients which make this food so good.”（不管你吃的是白米還是糙米，它們都有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，那就是砷。現(xiàn)在，謝菲爾德大學(xué)的研究人員表示，一種新的簡單的做飯方法可以去除這種致癌物質(zhì)，同時(shí)保持使食物美味的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。）及第二段內(nèi)容可知，研究人員試圖將砷從大米中去除并保持其營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，因此，他們試圖使大米變得健康而富有營養(yǎng)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?

47、3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“The PBA method first parboils rice in pre-boiled-water for five minutes. The water is then emptied and fresh water is poured into the pot.”（PBA法首先將大米放入預(yù)沸的水中煮5分鐘。然后把水倒出來，把新鮮水倒進(jìn)鍋里。）可知，PBA烹飪法需要在烹飪過程中更換水。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Unfortunately, rice has this water-soluble poison becau

48、se it grows in flooded fields unlike many other grains.”（不幸的是，大米有這種水溶性毒素，因?yàn)樗幌衿渌任锼L水淹的田地里。）可知，大米比起其它谷物含有更多砷是由于其生長環(huán)境。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的“Our aim was to improve the method to remove arsenic while keeping maximum nutrients in the cooked rice.(我們的目的是改進(jìn)去除砷的方法，同時(shí)保持最大的營養(yǎng)成分)”和“With our new method

49、we are able to significantly reduce the arsenic while reducing the loss of key nutrients.”（使用我們的新方法，我們能夠顯著減少砷的含量，同時(shí)減少關(guān)鍵營養(yǎng)素的損失。）可知，PBA烹飪法可以一舉兩得，不但能夠顯著減少砷的含量，同時(shí)能減少關(guān)鍵營養(yǎng)素的損失。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。When it comes to feeling good with ourselves and our lives, there are

50、so many different things that could affect us and our environment. However, most of them are still within our control. _36_SmileThe muscles to smile in your face actually send signals to the brain to produce a feel-good chemical that will actually make you feel better. Smiling improves your mood, wh

51、ether its genuine or not. Seriouslytry it.Take Care of Your SkinEveryone needs to take care of their skin. _37_ However, you dont have to buy too many productsuse whats right for you. If needed, go to your skin doctor for advice.Find a Relaxing Hobby_38_Try and think of something youd love to do tha

52、t will help you relax. Whether its reading or playing guitar, choose something youll enjoy so you stick with it in the long run.Express Admiration for Other PeopleYou feel better when you praise someone else. When you are kind towards people, it will make you feel better as a result. In fact, positi

53、ve feeling or idea works on others while working on yourself as well. _39_Make Time to Talk to Your Loved OnesAt times, you might find yourself being too busy to talk to your family or friends. _40_ It will help you feel more realistic, more loved, and calmer. That would not take too much time, but

54、it will make a huge difference in your day.A. We really have so many things to be thankful for!B. This will change the way you think and see things.C. You should set aside some time to talk to someone you love.D. We all need to stop worrying or thinking about problems at times.E. In short, when your

55、e nice to others, youll feel much better about yourself.F. We have decided to talk about some small things to make yourself feel better.G. Maintaining your skin every day will ensure you start and finish your day in the best way possible.【答案】36. F 37. G 38. D 39. E 40. C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了可以影響我們以及

56、環(huán)境的幾種做法?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上句“there are so many different things that could affect us and our environment. However, most of them are still within our control.(有很多事情會(huì)影響我們以及我們的環(huán)境，大部分事情還都在我們的控制之下)”可知下文將列舉可以影響我們以及環(huán)境的幾種做法，該句起到承上啟下的作用。因此F項(xiàng)“We have decided to talk about some small things to make yourself feel better

57、.(我們已經(jīng)決定談?wù)搸c(diǎn)讓你們感覺較好的事情)”符合語境，故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上句第三段的小標(biāo)題是“Take Care of Your Skin(照顧好你的皮膚)，以及第一句“Everyone needs to take care of their skin.(每個(gè)人都需要呵護(hù)好自己的皮膚)”可知要呵護(hù)自己的皮膚。因此空格處將進(jìn)一步解釋原因。G項(xiàng)“Maintaining your skin every day will ensure you start and finish your day in the best way possible.(每天保養(yǎng)你的皮膚將確保你以最好的方式開始和結(jié)

58、束你的一天)”符合語境。故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)第四段小標(biāo)題“Find a Relaxing Hobby(培養(yǎng)一個(gè)令人放松的業(yè)余愛好)以及第二句和第三句列舉了閱讀和彈吉他等可以使你放松的業(yè)余愛好。由此可知空格處將說明培養(yǎng)業(yè)余愛好的目的。因此D項(xiàng)“ We all need to stop worrying or thinking about problems at times.(我們有時(shí)需要停止擔(dān)憂和思考問題)”符合語境。故選D?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)第五段的小標(biāo)題：“Express Admiration for Other People(贊美別人)”可知這一段說明贊美別人的好處?？崭裉幰爬ū径?/p>

59、段意，起總結(jié)作用。因此E項(xiàng)“In short, when youre nice to others, youll feel much better about yourself.(總之，當(dāng)你贊美別人時(shí)，自己會(huì)感覺更好)”符合語境。故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上句“At times, you might find yourself being too busy to talk to your family or friends. (有時(shí),你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己太忙而不能和家人和朋友交流 )”可知由于忙碌缺乏交流。因此空格處應(yīng)該是作者改變這種狀況的建議。因此C項(xiàng)“You should set aside

60、some time to talk to someone you love. (你應(yīng)該抽出時(shí)間和你愛的人交流)”符合語境。故選C。第三部分：英語知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié) 完形填空（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出適合填入對應(yīng)空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。When an infectious disease broke out and supermarket shelves were _41_, Daniel and Nancy decided they no longer wanted to _42_ot