住宅電梯流量分析

1、Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark.基本原那么和迅達基準Introduction & Guidelines.相關(guān)介紹和指引Rule of Thumb.基本原那么A Methodic of best guess of the Elevator Configuration needed.對電梯配置進行有條理和最有效預估的要素Rule of Thumb. 基本原那么How to Design an Elevator for an Office Building?如何規(guī)劃辦公樓的電梯配置？ Defined Building Population ? 確定大樓人數(shù)？

2、Defined HC5 Requirement ? 確定5分鐘運載能力要求？ Defined WT Requirement ? 確定候梯時間要求？ Define Number of Elevators 確定電梯數(shù)量 Define Car Speed 確定電梯速度 Define Car Load 確定電梯載重Rule of Thumb. 基本原那么Estimate Numbers of Elevators needed. 估算電梯數(shù)量 250 persons per elevator 每臺電梯服務250人 4 - 5 floors per elevator 每臺電梯服務4-5個樓層 24 flo

3、ors per elevator group 每個梯組服務24個樓層Office Building. 辦公樓Define the Car Speed. 確定電梯速度HQ = Travel height (65m example beside)HQ = 提升高度假設左側(cè)例子的提升高度為65米T = Travel time from main floor to top floor without taking time losses into account caused by acceleration and decelerationT = 從基站直駛到最高層站的時間，不考慮加減速等 額外時間R

4、ecommended Values for Travel Time行程時間推薦值- 20 sec for top requirement (example beside) 頂級標準為20秒假設左側(cè)例子如是- 25 sec for medium requirement 中檔標準為25秒 - 32 sec basic requirement 普通標準為32秒VKN = HQ / T = 65m / 20s = 3.25 m/sRule of Thumb. 基本原那么Summary. 綜述Rule of Thumb. 基本原那么Relation WT / INT. WT和INT的關(guān)系Interpre

5、tation of Interval Waiting Time說明：間隔時間候梯時間The relation of interval INT and average waiting time WT has been examined for a number of different elevator groups. It has found out that the ratio WT/INT depends very much on the elevator group and on the arrival rate (as percentage of the maximum handlin

6、g capacity).經(jīng)過對比不同梯組的電梯間隔時間和平均候梯時間，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)：WT/INT系數(shù)很大程度上取決于梯組配置和到達率與5分鐘運載能力最大值相等For assessing an elevator groups maximum performance, the usual relation of “WT = 60 % x INT is not realistic. Better use “WT = 80 % x INT or even “WT = INT.要對電梯梯組的最大性能進行評估，慣常用的“WT=60%xINT公式并不能反映真實情況，建議使用“WT=80%xINT或“WT=INT

7、。Rule of Thumb. 基本原那么How to Define the Car Load GQ? 確定電梯載重P = Ar x INTP = Passengers per car (car loaded with 80%)P = 每個轎廂的乘客數(shù)量轎廂滿載率80%Ar = Arrival rate = arriving persons per secondAr = 到達率 = 每秒內(nèi)到達的人數(shù)INT = Interval considering waiting time WT = 80% of INT = rough estimationINT = 間隔時間按WT=80%xINT考慮 =

8、 粗略估算Arrival Rate Ar (example): 到達率Ar舉例說明：Population = 800, handling capacity = 14 %, arriving persons = 112 persons / 5 min人數(shù)=800，運載能力=14%，到達人數(shù)112人/5分鐘Ar= 0.3733 persons / sec. Ar人/秒Interval INT (example): 間隔時間INT舉例說明：Required waiting time WT = 24 sec 候梯時間要求WT=24秒Interval = (WT/80)x100 = 30 sec間隔時間

9、 = (WT/80)x100 = 30秒Car Load 電梯載重P = Ar x INT = 0.3733 persons/sec x 30 sec. P = Ar x INT人/秒 x 30秒= 11.2 persons considering 80% car load人，80%轎廂滿載率= 14.0 persons considering 100% car load人，100%轎廂滿載率GQ 100% = 14 persons x 75 kg / person = 1050 kg = choose 1250KgTraffic Vision 3.0Overview 概覽Given Inpu

10、t 假設值:Building with a Population of 800 大樓總?cè)藬?shù)800人Amount of floors above main Floor = 16 基站以上樓層數(shù)=16Travel Height around 65 m 提升高度大約為65米Required HC 5 = 14% 要求HC5=14%Required average WT around 24 sec 要求平均候梯時間WT約為24秒1.Estimated Number of Elevators 估算電梯數(shù)量Number of Elevators = 4 (800People / 200People per

11、 Elevator) and (Floor amount / 4floor serving per Elevator) = Higher value should be considered電梯數(shù)量=4800人/每臺電梯服務200人，如同時使用另外一個公式樓層數(shù)/每臺電梯服務4個樓層來計算電梯數(shù)量，應取兩者的最大值。2.Estimated Speed 估算電梯速度Elevator Speed to reach top/medium level travel time between 20-25 secV = HQ/t=20sec = 65/20 = 3.25 m/s expected spee

12、d 3m/s如要滿足頂級或中檔要求，電梯的行程時間應在20-25秒之間V=HQ/t=20秒米/秒，預期電梯速度為3米/秒。3.Estimated Car load 估算電梯載重INT = (WT/80) x 100 = (24/80)x100 = 30 secAr = (Population/100)*HC5 / 300 = (800/100)*14/300 = 0.37333 Persons/secP = Ar * INT = 0.3733 * 30 = 11.2 Persons (80% car load) 100% carload would be around 14.0 Persons

13、) estimated car load (75 Kg/ person) = 1050 Kg would fit with a 1250 Kg Car Load DesignP=Ar人(轎廂滿載率80%)，如按100%轎廂滿載率，人數(shù)約為14人，按75公斤/人，那么電梯載重=1050公斤，向上取整得電梯載重1250公斤。Schindler Traffic Standards.迅達交通流量標準Defined Traffic Situations 確定交通狀況Schindler Traffic Standards. 迅達交通流量標準Traffic Situations (Criteria). 交通

14、狀況標準Schindler Traffic Standards. 迅達交通流量標準Star Rating (Criteria). 星級評定標準Defined Criteria 確定標準Schindler Traffic Standards. 迅達交通流量標準Guidelines. 指引Important Note:重點提示：As a Schindler guideline always follow the following rules.迅達指引總是遵循以下原那么：Look at the lowest rating of all analyses of a project. Then:查看項

15、目里所有的分析數(shù)據(jù)，找出最低值，然后：3 stars or more are o.k. and recommended.如果達到三星級或以上，該電梯配置可行并可推薦。2 stars: Such projects must be examined carefully (including a second opinion e.g. of a superior) and are only accepted for good reasons. You should be aware that such a project is marginal . elevator performance, and

16、 we might face critical questions or problems related to high waiting times etc.二星級：這類項目必須仔細核實如獲取上級意見，如無充分理由將不予采納。應當謹記這樣的電梯配置其效能是相當?shù)偷?，日后我們很可能會由于候梯時間等問題受到客戶的質(zhì)詢。1 star or less: Such projects must be rejected by Schindler. The elevator performance is poor, and such installations may cause severe proble

17、ms and damage Schindlers reputation.一星級或以下：迅達必須拒絕承接這類項目。由于電梯的效能極差，在投入使用后會問題不斷，直接影響迅達的聲譽。Overview Report (Example)報告概覽例子 ,以下圖這個例子，該分析取得的星級是corresponding to the following performance values:對應的性能數(shù)值為：HC5 = 10.4 %, WT = 43.1 s (Project is not recommended!)Defined Reporting Standards 確定報告標準Schindler Traf

18、fic Standards. 迅達交通流量標準Star Rating for Office Buildings. 辦公樓的星級STAR CriteriaInterpretation:STAR WordingComment* or lessUnsatisfactorySuch projects must be rejected by Schindler.*MarginalBelow recommended performance level; such projects must be examined carefully (including a second opinion e.g. of

19、a superior) and are only accepted for good reasons.*SatisfactoryLevel for standard office buildings.*GoodLevel for mid-to-higher requirements.*Very goodLevel for high requirements (such as international head quarters, premium sites). Schindler Traffic Standards. 迅達交通流量標準Star Rating for Hotel Buildin

20、gs. 酒店的星級STAR CriteriaInterpretation:STAR WordingComment* or lessUnsatisfactorySuch projects must be rejected by Schindler.*MarginalBelow recommended performance level; such projects must be examined carefully (including a second opinion e.g. of a superior) and are only accepted for good reasons.*Sa

21、tisfactoryLevel for up to approx. 3-star hotels.*GoodLevel for up to approx. 4-star hotels.*Very goodLevel for up to approx. 5-star hotels. Schindler Traffic Standards. 迅達交通流量標準Star Rating for Residential Buildings. 住宅樓的星級STAR CriteriaInterpretation:STAR WordingComment* or lessUnsatisfactorySuch pro

22、jects must be rejected by Schindler.*MarginalBelow recommended performance level; such projects must be examined carefully (including a second opinion e.g. of a superior) and are only accepted for good reasons.*SatisfactoryLevel for low-price segment.*GoodLevel for mid-price segment.*Very goodLevel

23、for high-price segment. Star Rating. 星級評定Explanation. 說明Schindler Star Rating DefinitionStar Rating Auto Setting. 自動選取星級Explanation on Office Building Up-peak.針對辦公樓上行高峰模式的說明WTsecHC5%5202510153035401213141516113*4*5*3*4*5*4.75*4.75*Auto evaluation Points where the System finds the optimum of rating,

24、means where WT and HC5 have the same Star rating in our example 4.75*系統(tǒng)自動選取星級點，在該點WT和HC5的星級值是一樣的，如本例子為4.75*PerformanceCurve SimulationIf we would choose manually the Values the system takes the lower one from HC5 or WT in our example on 13% HC5 it would be 3.5*如果我們要進行手動調(diào)整，系統(tǒng)會選取HC5或WT對應星級較小的數(shù)值，例如本例子H

25、C5為13%時對應的星級是3.5*3.5*Relation to CIBSE Guide D與CIBSE Guide D的關(guān)系CIBSE Guide D RecommendationsCIBSE Guide D的推薦值Recommendations for office buildings (single and multiple tenancy, standard and prestige), hotels, residential buildings, hospitals, schools.各類推薦值包括辦公樓單租戶和多租戶，普通及高檔，酒店，住宅，醫(yī)院，學校。Recommendation

26、s expressed by arrival rate and interval.到達率和間隔時間的推薦值。Note: Traffic situations are not clearly stated.備注：對于交通狀況并沒有清晰的規(guī)定Details for office, hotels, residential: See next pages.對于辦公樓，酒店，住宅的詳細介紹：請參閱下頁。CIBSE Guide DOverview 概述CIBSE Guide D Recommendations (from Table 3.1)Assumed Traffic Situation: Up-Pe

27、akOffice Buildings 辦公樓Comparison 對比 Office Building HC5INT“WT=0.8xINT or =INT” Single tenant (standard)1215 %2530 s2030 sSingle tenant (prestige)1317 %2025 s1625 sMulti-tenant (standard)1114 %2530 s2030 sMulti-tenant (prestige)1215 %2025 s1625 s Schindler RatingTraffic Situation: Up-PeakOffice Building HC5 WTAny tenancy (* = satisfactory)1214 % 2030 sAny tenancy (* = good)1416 % 1520 s Notes:備注：Schindler recommendations are close to CIBSE Gui