二輪復習六詞性轉換構詞法

1、二輪復習（六）詞性轉換（構詞法）英語構詞法主要有三種：合成、轉化和派生。合成是指將兩個意思不同的單詞結合成一個新詞；轉化是指一個單詞的詞形不變而由一種詞性轉化為另一種詞性； 派生是指通過給一個單 詞加前綴或后綴變成另一個詞。 前綴一般改變詞義而不改變詞性， 后綴一般改變詞性而不改 變詞義。將構詞法置于此處講解，一是對前面基礎詞法的匯總， 二是為攻克后面的重難動詞 做鋪墊。動詞、形容詞轉換為名詞全析考法單句語法填空/單句改錯（2018?全國卷n ）This switch has decreased（pollute） in the countrys major lakes and reservoi

2、rs and made drinking water safer for people.解析：pollutiondecrease降低，減少”，為及物動詞，后接名詞作賓語，故填名詞pollution。（2018?6 月浙江高考 ）Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in （weigh） problems.解析：weight根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示體重方面的問題，故此處填名詞作定語。（2017?全國卷出）S

3、he is determined to carry on with her（educate）.解析：education前面有形容詞性物主代詞her,此處應該使用動詞 educate的名詞形式education 作賓語。（2016?全國卷 I ）Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top（attract）解析：attraction此處作表語且前面由its top修飾，應該用 att

4、ract的名詞形式 attraction ,意為“吸引人之物，誘惑物”。（2016?全國卷出）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B . C., influenced the（develop） of chopsticks.解析：development 根據(jù)空前面的the和空后面的of可知，此處需填 develop的名詞形式 development。（2016?全國卷 I ）My uncle tells me that the key to hi

5、s success is honest.解析：honestfhonesty 根據(jù)句意和結構可知，此處應該使用名詞形式。謹記規(guī)則1.動詞變名詞的后綴后綴 例詞- ion/-tion/-sion/- ation correctfcorrection改正celebrate fcelebration慶祝； 慶祝會attract f attraction吸弓 Iconcludefconclusion結論；結束discussfdiscussion 討論；辯論decidef decision 決定admitf admission 接納； 準許入學invite f invitation 邀請explain f

6、explanation 解釋graduate fgraduation 畢業(yè)expectf expectation 期望er/ - or drivef driver司機；駕駛員gatherfgatherer收集者；采集者teach fteacher 老師announce fannouncer 廣播員conduct fconductor 指揮；售票員mentpunishfpunishment懲罰achievefachievement 功績； 成就arguefargument 辯論；論據(jù)treatftreatment 對待； 治療equip fequipment 裝備； 設備govern fgove

7、rnment 政府a(chǎn)nce/-enceappearfappearance出現(xiàn)；夕卜貌guide-guidance 指弓 I;指導perform f performance 表演； 節(jié) 目exist fexistence 存在；生存prefer f preference偏愛referfreference 參考； 查閱ing hear fhearing聽力； 聽覺begin fbeginning 開始ure/ - ture fail ffailure失??；倒閉pressf pressure 壓力depart -departure 離開；出發(fā)mixfmixture 混合；混合物y recover f

8、recovery恢復； 痊愈discover-discovery 發(fā)現(xiàn)其他choose f choice選擇varyfvariety多樣化；種類tend ftendency 趨向； 趨勢2.形容詞變名詞的后綴后綴 例詞-ageshortfshortage不足；短缺-cy efficient - efficiency效率；功效fluent ffluency 流禾 1;流暢accuratefaccuracy 準確性private f privacy 隱私； 私密-dom freeffreedom自由；自主wisefwisdom明智； 智慧-encedifferent f difference差異s

9、ilent fsilence 沉默-ness weakfweakness虛弱； 弱點kind fkindness 仁慈；好意carelessfcarelessness 粗心大意-th strongfstrength力氣；強項warm fwarmth溫暖； 熱情-y/ - ty/ - ity honest f honesty誠實difficult fdifficulty 困難cruelfcruelty殘酷；殘暴safe safety 安全disable fdisability 無能；傷殘responsible fresponsibility 責任名詞、動詞轉換為形容詞 全析考法單句語法填空(20

10、18?全國卷 I )Running is cheap, easy and its always(energy).解析：energetic 根據(jù)句子結構可知，此處應該使用與其前的cheap, easy相同形式的形容詞energetic 作表語。(2018?全國卷 n )According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption.解析：global此處和total 一起修飾名詞短語 fertilizer consumption ,意為“全世界的化肥總

11、 消耗量”，故用其形容詞形式global作定語。(2018?6 月浙江高考)The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be (afford) but doing this most days adds up.解析：affordable 根據(jù)語境可知此處作表語，所以要用形容詞形式。(2014?全國卷 n )There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and(disappoint).解析：di

12、sappointed和前面的anxious并列，表示人的內(nèi)心活動，應使用-ed形式的形容詞，此處表示“他們中有些人看起來既焦慮又失望”。謹記規(guī)則后綴例詞-ableaccept-acceptable可接受的comfort - comfortable 舒適的fashion ffashionable 時髦的suitfsuitable 合適的reasonf reasonable 有道理的-al musicf musical音樂的origin foriginal 最初的person fpersonal 個人的； 私人的centrefcentral 中央的；中心的nature f natural 自然的；

13、天生的-ful doubt fdoubtful懷疑的forget f forgetful 健忘的harmfharmful 有害的 hope fhopeful有希望的peacefpeaceful 和平的-ed scare-scared感至U恐懼的confusefconfused感至 U 困惑的underline-underlined下戈 U 線的-ing surprisefsurprising令人驚異的convincefconvincing 令人信服的 satisfy fsatisfying 令人滿意的-ible access- accessible容易取得的horror f horrible

14、可怕的；恐怖的terror - terrible 可怕 的-ive actfactive積極的；活躍的effect effective 有效的；生效的attract f attractive 有吸引力的impress fimpressive 給人深刻印象的-ouscontinuefcontinuous 不斷的； 持續(xù)的anxiety fanxious 憂慮的caution fcautious 小心的；謹慎的curiosityf curious 好奇的humorf humorous 幽默的-some tireftiresome令人厭倦的trouble ftroublesome麻煩的y taste

15、ftasty美味的；可口的health fhealthy 健康的wealth f wealthy 富裕的；豐富的ern eastfeastern東方的；向東的ish child fchildish孩子氣的fool ffoolish愚蠢的；可笑的selffselfish 自私的特別注意-ed形容詞多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，意為“感到的”，通常修飾人；-ing形容詞多表示主語所具有的特征，意為“令人的”，通常修飾物或事。形容詞轉換為副詞全析考法I .單句語法填空(2018?全國卷 n )A taste for meat is(actual) behind the change: An importan

16、t part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.解析：actually此處用副詞作狀語修飾系動詞is。（2018?11 月浙江高考）（recent）, caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.解析：Recently 此處考查時間副詞作狀語，故填 Recentlyo（2016?全國卷 I ）The title will be（official） given to me at a ceremony in London.

17、解析：officially此處表示（大使）這個頭銜將在倫敦的一個儀式上正式授予給我，分析句子結構可知，應該使用副詞officially作狀語修飾動詞 given。（2016?全國卷 n ）Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks（regular）.解析：regularly 此處需要用副詞修飾動詞短語take short breaks”。（2015?廣東高考）（lucky）, he also had a cow which produced milk every day.

18、解析：Luckily此處為副詞用于句首修飾整個句子，表示狀態(tài)。n .單句改錯（2018?全國卷 I ）I felt happily that their life had improved.解析：happily fhappy 動詞felt在此處是系動詞，意為“覺得，感覺”，其后應該使用形容 詞happy作表語。（2017?全國卷 I ）It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.解析：suddenlyfsudden 此處需要用形容詞修飾后面的名詞stop,表示“突然的停止”。（2016

19、?全國卷 I ）Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady.解析：steadyfsteadily 謂語動詞grow是不及物動詞，意為“增長，增強”，此處應該使用 副詞steadily作狀語修飾grow。grow steadily意為“穩(wěn)定地增長”。（2016?全國卷出）At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.解析：freelyffree 此處需要用形容詞作表語。be free fr

20、om them擺脫他們”。（2015?全國卷 n ）Dad and I were terrible worried.解析：terriblefterribly此處應用副詞 terribly修飾形容詞 worried o謹記規(guī)則類別例詞直接加-lyclearfclearly 清楚地great-greatly 很，大大地以輔音字母+ y結尾的形容詞，變 y為i再加-lyhappyfhappily 高興地heavyfheavily 沉重地詞尾為ble/le的形容詞，去掉 e,再加-y terrible f terribly可怕地；極度地gentle-gently輕輕地詞尾為ue的形容詞，去掉 e再加-

21、ly trueftruly真實地詞尾為ll的形容詞，直接加-y full-fully充分地；完全地dull fdully遲鈍地詞尾為-ic的形容詞，力口- allybasicfbasically主要地，基本上scientific fscientifically 合乎科學地語法填空解題“ 2策略”.利用句子成分確定詞性(1)如果要填的詞在句中作主語、賓語或表語要考慮名詞形式。(2)如果要填的詞作定語、表語、主語補足語或賓語補足語，要想到用形容詞；如果作狀語， 要想到用副詞。.根據(jù)修飾詞或被修飾詞確定詞性(1)如果要填的詞被形容詞、定冠詞或形容詞性物主代詞修飾，此時要考慮用名詞形式。(2)如果要填

22、的詞修飾名詞，要想到用形容詞；如果修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子， 要想到用副詞。據(jù)第1條解題This gives the paintings deeper meaning (mean) and more elegance.Grassland is destroyed without mercy so that dust storms come into being affecting distant_(distance) cities.The old people there were talkative and they told us their personal (person) s

23、tories cheerfully.After some time, when both of you have renewed your confidence (confident) in each other, go back to the time when you nearly fell apart.Therefore, lets take the responsibility (responsible) to build up a low - carbon city by riding bicycles. Come on and join us!據(jù)第2條解題However, behi

24、nd his physical appearance (appear), Carry is a warm, fun - loving, intelligent person.Your ideas are very interesting, but we need practical (practice) suggestions to get us out of trouble.During that time a number of productive (product) poets turned out as many as 50,000 classical poems.It was al

25、ways a pleasure (pleasant) to visit these two sisters.They all come from the plant Camellia sinensis ( 茶樹),and are simply (simple) processed in different ways.短文改錯解題“ 2視角”.看被修飾詞或平行成分(1)如果修飾名詞，要用形容詞；(2)如果修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞和分詞應用副詞；(3)修飾人，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，意為“感到的 ，用-ed形容詞；修飾物或事，表示 主語所具有的特征，意為“令人的 ，用-ing形容詞；(4)注意其平行成分

26、的詞性。.看句子成分(1)作定語、表語、主語補足語或賓語補足語，要想到應用形容詞。(2)作狀語要想到應用副詞。據(jù)第1條解題I worked as a reporter for our school newspaper last year, which I think will certain help me do the job better.certain f certainlyIt was when I brought them in at the dusk that I found something terribly happened._terribly fterrible“Today

27、 is my fathers birthday ? ” Zhangwei was a little puzzling. puzzling f puzzledAt this moment, I found the city was so interested. interested f interestingEveryone praised Ah Bao for his brave and kindness.brave f bravery 據(jù)第2條解題I restarted to pick up my confident again. confident f confidenceThe next

28、 morning when he was out, the hotel worker hammered a nail exact where the fly had been.exactfexactlyI was lost in happy because I did a little for a stranger but I gained a lot._happy f happinessTo my joyful, he replied that he gave it to a homeless man. joyful fjoyTo conclude, I am readily to take

29、 on the job.readily fready 語篇綜合檢測 I .語法填空British English may have come first, but around the world, the American way of spelling is now far more popular.An _1_ (accuracy) examination of these two variants of the English language _2_ (show) that publications now largely use the American version, _3_

30、(swap) words like“ centre ” forafter the 1880s.According to the data, this shift _4_ (strengthen) around the time of WorldWar I .Around 1880, _5_ American English began to cross into wider use among many words, including grey and flavour”, British English can be seen dwindling (縮小).After World War I

31、 , the world also began to prefer “defense_6_ the British English version,“defence.For many years, British English maintained _7_ (it) hold on “ honour”, struggling with theAmerican version for years before the two flip -flopped (突然轉向反向 )in _8_ (popular) around the world.However, American English wa

32、s in _9_ lead in the 1970s as “ honor _10_ (increasing) became the more spelling of choice.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在英語拼寫方面由英式英語占主導到美式英語更 受人歡迎這一轉變。accurate 考查詞性轉換?？仗幮揎椕~examination ,故用形容詞 accurate 準確的。shows考查動詞的時態(tài)及主謂一致。此處是對客觀情況的敘述，故應用一般現(xiàn)在時；句 子主語為單數(shù)名詞 examination ,故謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。swapping 考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，空處作

33、非謂語，且publications與swap之間構成邏輯上的主謂關系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。strengthened/was strengthened考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語 “around the timeof World War l”可知用一般過去時。strengthen (使)變強”可以作及物動詞，也可以作不及物動詞，故此處可以用主動語態(tài)也可以用被動語態(tài)。when 考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導定語從句，先行詞為表示時間的 Around 1880 ,關系詞在定語從句中作時間狀語，因此用 when。to 考查介詞。prefer .to .“喜歡多于”是固定搭配，故用介詞to。its 考查代詞。多年來，英式英語保持著“