小升初講義第一講

1、第一講經(jīng)典閱讀ChocolateMost people like chocolate.They drink it,and eat it as candy or as an ingredient of puddings and cakes. It is a custom in many Western countries for men to give their wives or girlfriends boxes of chocolates as presents.At Easter time,parents give their children large chocolate eggs.

2、Europeans first tasted chocolate in 1519 when the Spaniards invaded Mexico.It was then part of the Aztec Empire.The emperor Montezuma welcomed the Spanish general,Cortez,with a chocolate drink.He called the drink “chocolate”which means warm liquid.Chocolate comes form the cocoa bean which grows on t

3、he cacao tree.Cortez and his men took some of these beans back to Spain with them and it was not long before the drink become popular throughout Europe. The manufacture of chocolate from the cocoa bean is a long process. The beans are dried,then roasted. After rosting the beans are cracked,and the s

4、hells are blowm away leaving the centre of the beans,which is 53cocoa butter.It is from this that chocolate is made,and about 25% of every bar of every bar of chocolate is this cocoa butter.Other ingredients are sugar and sometimes vanilla or milk.Word Bank babean n.豆子，豆類 butter n.奶油，黃油custom n.習(xí)慣，習(xí)

5、俗 liquid n.液體cake n.蛋糕 popular adj.流行的presentaste ingredients n.配料，成分take v.拿，拿起 invade v.侵入，侵略europe n.歐洲 manufacture v.制造process n.過程，工序 pudding n布丁 roast v.烤，炙，烘 welcome v.歡迎ESERCISES一、從A,B,C中選擇下列問題的答案。1.What does chocolste come from?A.The cocoa bean B.Chocolate eggs C.Cakes 2.Who took cocoa bean

6、s to Europe?A.Montezuma B.Cortez C.The Aztecs3.Which part of the cocoa bean ie used to make chocolate?A.All of it B.The centre C.The outside4.How much of a chocolate bar is cocoa butter?A 25% B.53% C.All of it 5.Which of the following is sometimes an ingredient of chocolate bars?二、根據(jù)每個(gè)段落的主題在右邊空格中填上段

7、數(shù)。1How chocolate was taken to Europe. 2The manufacture of chocolate. 3The Europeans first taste of chocolate. 4The popular of chocolate. 三、用方框中的單詞填空。Pudding, custom, taste, popular, roast.1.His favorite dish is duck.2.This has tow pounds of fresh fruit in it.3.Beer bitter.4.He becomes famous because

8、 of his song.5.There are ditterent in different countries.語法：名詞，冠詞名詞名詞是人類認(rèn)識事物所使用的基本詞匯，它主要用來指人或各種事物具體的名稱，也可以指抽象的概念。名詞在句中可以以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、稱呼語等。名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞。專有名詞是某個(gè)（些）人，地方，機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名詞，如：Beijing,China等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞，如：book，sadness等。名詞有數(shù)的變化，從名詞所表示的事物的性質(zhì)看，可以分為兩類：可數(shù)名詞，如：car汽車，army軍隊(duì)等；不可數(shù)名詞，如：mil

9、k牛奶，water水，love愛等?？蓴?shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)名詞的變化有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方法你會(huì)讀嗎在詞尾加-Sdesk-desksdog-dogs以s,x,sh,ch,z等結(jié)尾的名詞之后加-es如詞尾為e，只加-sclass-classes buzz-buzzeshorse-horses pages如詞尾為-f或-fe,則一般變?yōu)?vesknife-knives以輔音+y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為I,再加-esfamily-families以元音+y結(jié)尾的名詞，加-sboy-boys以輔音+o結(jié)尾的名詞，加-estomato-tomatoes(photo,piano除

10、外)以元音+o結(jié)尾的名詞，加-sradio-radios以-th結(jié)尾的名詞，加-s不規(guī)則變化名詞復(fù)數(shù)的特殊形式。如：manmen womanwomen footfeet toothteeth Mousemice childchildren deerdeer goosegeese AsianAsians AmericanAmericans GermanGermans單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。 如：sheep,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese合成名詞，只將其主體詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：girl studentgirl students pencilpencil-box由man和woman構(gòu)成

11、的合成詞，全都變成復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctormen doctors women teacherwomen teachers不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞一般只有單數(shù)形式，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。它不能和a或an及數(shù)次搭配使用。不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量可以和some,any,little,a little,much,a piece of,a pound of,a cup of,a lot of等連用。如：a piece of news four glasses of milk five bottles of water熱身練習(xí)一、寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 animal zoo CD box match sandwich

12、 story city country photo piano tomato leaf wife thief Japanese child German 二、根據(jù)句意選詞填空。1. Whose clothes (are,is)on the floor?2.There are many (boxes,boxes)here.3.My mother always tells me a lot of interesting (storys,stories)4.The (roofs,rooves)of these house need raapairing.5.Most of the teachers

13、in our school are (woman teachers,women teachers).拓展訓(xùn)練一、用括號中詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Most of the (boy student) like sports.2. The (cattle) on the hill are belong(屬于) to the farm.3. There are some (shelf) in the reading-room.4. Im sorry but I cant go with you. You see I have so much (work) to do.5. The (child) are

14、 playing basketball now.二、單項(xiàng)選擇。1.Have you seen such big ?2.Have you got ? I want to write a letter.A.any paper b.papers c.any papers D. a paper3.My mother bought a new for me.4.I have to do this evening.A.a lot of works B.many work C.a lot of work D.some works5.What would you like to drink,girl? ,pl

15、ease.A.Two cup of coffee B.Two cups of coffees C.Two cups of coffeeD.Two cup of coffees三改錯(cuò)。1.My glasses are broken. 2.I want to buy two shoes. 3.I need a few ink. 4.Dont eat too much meats 5.May I borrow two radioes? 名詞所有格的形式和用法名詞所有格一般是詞尾加s構(gòu)成，如：the boys bag:;our teachers room等。如果原詞已經(jīng)有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，則僅僅加一個(gè)（）

16、即可，如boysschool等。詞尾無s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞則仍要加s,如：mens clothes等。表示無生命東西的名詞的所有格不可用詞尾加（s）或（）,而是用of屬格，如：the window of the room 等。但在表示時(shí)間，距離以及其他慣用用語中，則需用（s）或（）表示所有格.,如：ten minuteswalk 等。如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人共有，則只在后一個(gè)名詞后加“s”。如：We visited Xiao Li and Xiao Zhangs room.我們參觀了小李和小張的房間。名詞的雙重所有格。物主代詞不可與a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,se

17、veral,no,each,every,such,another,which等詞一起修飾一個(gè)名詞，而必須用雙重所有格。公式為：a,an,this,that+名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞。如：a friend of mine 我朋友中的一個(gè)each brother of his 他的每個(gè)哥哥熱身練習(xí)根據(jù)漢語意思完成下列短語。1、學(xué)生們的書 2.那條狗的名字 3、三小時(shí)的路程 4.城市的城墻 5.我弟弟的朋友 二、單項(xiàng)選擇。1Two bags are on the table.They are .A.the twins B.the twins C.twins D.twins2.Its over fr

18、om Shijianzhuang to Beijing.A.three hoursdrive B.there huors drive C.three hoursdrivesD.three hours drive3.Joan is sister.A.Mary and Jack B.Marys and Jacks C.Marys and Jack D.Mary and Jacks4.Miss Smith is a friend of .A.Marys mothers B.Marys mother C.Mary mothers D.mothers of Mary5.These are .A.newspaper of today B.todays newspaper C.todays newspapersD.today newspapers拓展訓(xùn)練根據(jù)句意，用括號中詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1、How far is it from your home to your school?Not far.Just five (minute) walk.2、Today is (mother) Day.3、There are (Tom),not yours.4、Mr.Wang is