2021-2022學(xué)年陜西省渭南市大荔縣高二下學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測英語試題（解析版）

1、大荔縣2021-2022學(xué)年（下）高二年級期末質(zhì)量檢測試題英語注意事項：1.本試卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。2.選擇題用2B鉛筆將正確答案涂寫在答題卡上；非選擇題用0.5mm黑色墨水簽字筆答在答題卡的指定答題區(qū)域內(nèi)，超出答題區(qū)域答案無效。3.答題前，請將姓名、考號、試卷類型按要求涂寫在答題卡上。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置，聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1. What is th

2、e man doing?A. He is giving suggestions. B. He is making an apology. C. He is making an excuse.2. What is the speed now?A. 55 miles per hour. B. 70 miles per hour. C. 105 miles per hour.3. What is the woman doing?A. Making a pair of trousers. B. Trying on clothes. C. Leaving a message.4. How many pe

3、ople are having the meal?A. Two. B. Three. C. Four.5. What does the man mean?A. He doesnt feel like eating. B. He doesnt care what to eat. C. He doesnt like chicken.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白，每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時問。每段

4、對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6. Who is the woman?A. A hotel staff. B. A bank clerk. C. A restaurant manager.7. Why is the man at the hotel?A. To hold a business meeting. B. To eat at the restaurant. C. To spend his holidays.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8. What does the man ask for?A. Some quarters. B. 20 dollars.

5、C. Small change.9. How many 5s will the woman give the man?A. Two. B. Three. C. Four.10. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Shop assistant and customer. B. Professor and student. C. Husband and wife.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11. Where did Betty live when she was a child?A. Singapor

6、e. B. Britain. C. China.12. What made Betty feel especially nice while she was in Singapore?A. People from India and China.B. Customs from different countries.C. Foreign tourists.13. What annoyed Betty when she was in Singapore?A. Eating strange food. B. Meeting different people. C. Being looked at

7、often.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14. What do we know about the man?A. He is slaying in his friends house.B. He is to blame for the stolen things.C. He is busy with his own business.15 When did the man leave the caf?A. About 7:00 p.m. B. About 10:00 p.m. C. About 11:00 p.m.16. What would the mans friends care

8、about most?A. The TV set. B. The computer. C. The paintings.17. Who is the woman?A The mans wife. B. A policewoman. C. The owner of the house.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。18. What does the speaker say about Chinese?A. It has become a language of business.B. More people are learning Chinese than before.C. The numb

9、er of people speaking Chinese is the largest.19. According to the speaker, which of the following accepts Esperanto?A. Poland. B. The post office. C. International Business Organization.20. What special example does the speaker give as a world language?A. Esperanto. B. Chinese. C. English.第二部分閱讀理解（共

10、兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在題卡上將該項涂黑。AA Schengen visa is a short-stay visa awarded to persons wishing to travel to one or many of the countries that make of the 26 European country Schengen Area. It grants (授予) each holder entry to all the countries in the are

11、a on a single visa. Several new Schengen visa application rules came into force in all countries on February 2, 2020. Check out some of the major changes:Increased visa feesThe Schengen visa fee has increased from 60 euros to 80 for adults, while children aged between 6 and 12 now need to pay 40 eur

12、os instead of 35.The rise in fees is to increase staff numbers, ensure stronger security screenings, and upgrade IT equipment and software, according to the European Commission.Electronic application formThe application process has been greatly simplified. Schengen member states now accept electroni

13、c applications, and the application form can be signed and submitted electronically.Longer application submission periodsSchengen visa applicants used to apply as early as three months ahead of their trip. Today applications can be submitted up to six months in advance.Benefits for frequent traveler

14、sThose who have previously visited the Schengen Area and have a positive visa history will be granted the opportunity to get a multiple-entry visa valid for up to five years. That is, people who have lawfully used their previous visas, have a good economic standing in their home countries, and inten

15、d to leave the area before their Schengen visa expires (過期) will now have the chance to get a visa for up to five years with multiple entries.1. If a couple with a seven-year-old kid apply for Schengen visas, how much should they pay under the new rules?A. 45 euros.B. 80 euros.C. 155 euros.D. 200 eu

16、ros.2. When applying for a Schengen visa now, you can .A. upgrade your computer softwareB. hand in an electronic application formC. get all your materials ready before February 2D. turn in your application 9 months in advance3. To frequent travelers to the Schengen Area, the new rules are more .A. s

17、pecificB. complicatedC. favourableD. rigid【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一則申根簽證的廣告啟事，介紹了簽證價格、電子設(shè)備、頻繁來這里旅行可以享受的好處等?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“The Schengen visa fee has increased from 60 euros to 80 for adults, while children aged between 6 and 12 now need to pay 40 euros instead of 35.”申根簽證費成人從60歐元提高到80歐元，

18、而6到12歲的兒童需要支付40歐元，而不是35歐元?？芍绻粚Ψ驄D帶著一個七歲的小孩來申請申根簽證，他們按照新規(guī)要付80*2+40=200歐元。故選D項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“The application process has been greatly simplified. Schengen member states now accept electronic applications, and the application form can be signed and submitted electronically.”申請過程已大大簡化。申根成員國現(xiàn)在接受電子申請，申

19、請表可以通過電子方式簽署和提交?？芍?，當(dāng)你現(xiàn)在申請申根簽證時，可以上交電子申請表。故選B項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“That is, people who have lawfully used their previous visas, have a good economic standing in their home countries, and intend to leave the area before their Schengen visa expires (過期) will now have the chance to get a visa for up to five

20、years with multiple entries.” 也就是說，那些合法使用之前簽證的人，在本國經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況良好，并打算在申根簽證之前離開該地區(qū)的人現(xiàn)在將有機(jī)會多次入境，獲得長達(dá)五年的簽證。可以看出，這些新規(guī)對于頻繁去申根地區(qū)的人更加支持了，故選C項?！军c睛】細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考查考生對某句話或某幾句話的理解，同學(xué)們?nèi)裟芨鶕?jù)題干內(nèi)容從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子，然后進(jìn)行比較和分析，便可確定最佳答案。多數(shù)情況下，作者不會明確的呈現(xiàn)一個事實，讀者需要根據(jù)已有的信息進(jìn)行處理，讀出言外之意。還要特別注意文章的時間順序、故事發(fā)生的地點、情節(jié)的發(fā)展和人物之間的關(guān)系。例如，第2題，細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“The appl

21、ication process has been greatly simplified. Schengen member states now accept electronic applications, and the application form can be signed and submitted electronically.”申請過程已大大簡化。申根成員國現(xiàn)在接受電子申請，申請表可以通過電子方式簽署和提交?？芍?dāng)你現(xiàn)在申請申根簽證時，可以上交電子申請表。故選B項。BWhen a fire broke out in my home in the middle of the n

22、ight, I knew Id do anything I could to save my family. The medicine that I take for my rheumatoid arthritis causes me to wake up in the middle of the night with a dry mouth. January 15, 2016, was no different. I, Indiana, US, awoke at 2:30am needing water.I was walking back upstairs from the kitchen

23、 when I heard my bulldog , Rock. Whatever Rock was doing down there, it made enough noise for me to go to him. By the time I made it to the bottom of the stairs, he was running up, and he never came up the stairs, no matter what. I think that was his way of telling me, Weve got to go back up. When I

24、 got to the top of the stairs, I turned around and saw a light on, but I didnt remember leaving one on. I walked downstairs again, and thats when I saw fire. I immediately shouted to my wife to wake up and get our three kids. I grabbed a knife and cut out the plastic that covered the window to the p

25、orch roof. I then pried open the window and kicked out the screen. I started screaming for help. But help never came. I got everybody out on the roof and threw a blanket out there so we wouldnt slip off. It was cold, January cold. Then I started screaming for help. But help never came.Now, Im scared

26、 of heights and have physical issues, what with my rheumatoid arthritis, but I couldnt let my family burn up. So I jumped off the roof. I didnt scoot to the edge; I just jumped and got the wind knocked out of me when I landed. I found our ladder, placed it against the house, and climbed back up to t

27、he roof. I wrapped my arms around my daughter and carried my nine - month - old with my teeth, by his little sleeper. Then I climbed down the ladder. Once on the ground, I had my little girl hold her brother, and I went back up to the roof to get my other daughter. Then I went back up again and got

28、my wife. I tried to get my dog, but he just disappeared in the black smoke. I never saw him alive again,Im no hero. Im just an ordinary person whod help anybody. This happened to be the time when I helped my own family. I live to protect my family. Just likeRockhe lived to protect us.4. What made th

29、e author wake up at 2:30am?A. My dogs barkingB. The medicines effectC. A burning fireD. A noise downstairs5. How did Rock tell the author the danger downstairs?A. He turned on a light downstairs.B. He ran to the authors room upstairs.C. He kept barking and running up to stairs.D. He made some noise

30、at the bottom of the stairs.6. What did the author do after his family all stood on the roof?A. He placed a blanket to keep warm.B. He started screaming for help.C. He jumped off the roof.D. He broke open the window and kicked out the screen7. Which of the following best describe the author?A. Coura

31、geous and responsibleB. Caring and selfishC. Loyal and braveD. Strong and considerate【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者在半夜發(fā)生的火災(zāi)中營救和保護(hù)家人的經(jīng)過?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“The medicine that I take for my rheumatoid arthritis causes me to wake up in the middle of the night with a dry mouth. January 15,

32、 2016, was no different. I, Indiana, US, awoke at 2:30am needing water.（我服用的治療類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎的藥物使我在半夜醒來時口干舌燥。2016年1月15日，也不例外。我在美國印第安納州凌晨2:30醒來需要喝水。）”可知，是藥物作用使作者半夜起床需要喝水。故選B項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Rock was doing down there, it made enough noise for me to go to him. By the time I made it to the bottom of the stai

33、rs, he was running up, and he never came up the stairs, no matter what.（Rock在下面，吵得讓我不得不去找他。當(dāng)我爬到樓梯下面的時候，他正在往上跑，之前不管發(fā)生什么，他從來沒有上過樓梯。）”可知，Rock通過不停地叫，并且跑到樓梯上來引起作者的注意，告知作者發(fā)生的危險。故選C項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“I got everybody out on the roof and threw a blanket out there so we wouldnt slip off. It was cold, January

34、 cold. Then I started screaming for help. But help never came.（我把所有人都弄到屋頂上，扔了一條毯子在外面，這樣我們就不會滑倒了。天氣很冷，一月很冷。然后我開始尖叫求救。但一直沒有人來幫忙。）”可知，作者把所有家人都弄到屋頂上之后開始大喊求助。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Now, Im scared of heights and have physical issues, what with my rheumatoid arthritis, but I couldnt let my family burn up.

35、So I jumped off the roof.（現(xiàn)在，我有恐高癥和身體問題類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎，但我不能讓我的家人被燒傷。所以我從屋頂跳下來。）”和最后一段“Im no hero. Im just an ordinary person whod help anybody. This happened to be the time when I helped my own family. I live to protect my family. Just like Rockhe lived to protect us.（我不是英雄。我只是一個愿意幫助任何人的普通人。這是我?guī)椭约杭胰说臅r候。我活著是

36、為了保護(hù)我的家人。就像Rock一樣他活著是為了保護(hù)我們。）”可知，作者有恐高癥和身體問題，可是為了救自己的家人，他還是愿意從屋頂跳下來，他愿意負(fù)起保護(hù)家人的責(zé)任，所以可以推斷他是個有勇氣和負(fù)責(zé)任的人。故選A項。CPlants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their leaves, others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on

37、them, chewing them up or laying eggs on themall signals of an attack. New research now shows some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive（先發(fā)制人的）defense that even works against other pest species.When ecologist John Orrock of the Un

38、iversity of Wisconsin-Madison sprayed snail slimea liquid the animals release as they slide alongonto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their levels of an enzyme（酶）, which is known to prevent plant-eating animals. “None of the plants were ever actually attacked,” Orrock s

39、ays. “We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warnings impact on another potential threat. The investigators fo

40、und that hungry caterpillars（毛蟲）, which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance. This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilit

41、ies of survival, says Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia.The finding that a snails approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study. “It is signifi

42、cant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far-ranging effects, ” Karban says. The research was comprehensive, he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.“Thats the million-dollar ques

43、tion,” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.8. John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to _.A. make them grow betterB. give them a warningC. keep plant-eating animals awayD. inform plant-eating

44、animals of danger9. Why is the example of “caterpillars” mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. To introduce another animal.B. To confirm the result of the study.C. To appeal to people to protect animals.D. To analyze different resistance chemicals.10. What does Richard Karban really want to know?A. How tomato

45、 plants become aware of danger.B What the chemicals in the snail slime are.C. Whether the research is of practical value.D. What the finding of the research is.11. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Watchful Plants.B. Greedy Animals.C. A Snails Approach.D. A Defense Attack.【答案】8. B 9. B 10

46、. A 11. A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：一些植物可以在食草動物發(fā)動攻擊前很好地感覺到它們，這讓植物準(zhǔn)備了先發(fā)制人的防御，甚至可以對抗其他有害物種。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry（我們只是給它們一些暗示攻擊即將來臨的線索，這就足以使它們的化學(xué)反應(yīng)發(fā)生巨大變化）”可推知，John Orrock在西紅柿植株附近的泥土上噴灑液體的目的

47、是給予植物一種警告，讓它們能夠產(chǎn)生自我保護(hù)性反應(yīng)，且其與第三段第一句中的“his team measured the slimy warnings impact on another potential threat(他的團(tuán)隊測量了這種黏糊糊的警告對另一個潛在威脅的影響)”呼應(yīng)，故選 B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warnings impact on another

48、 potential threat(最初，Orrock發(fā)現(xiàn)這種防御方法對蝸牛有效；在最新的研究中，他的團(tuán)隊測量了這種黏糊糊的警告對另一個潛在威脅的影響)”可推知，下文中提到毛蟲的例子是為了驗證這一點，即：驗證研究的結(jié)果。故選B?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句并結(jié)合對最后一段“The research was comprehensive, he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them. “Thats the mi

49、llion-dollar question,” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.( 他補(bǔ)充說，這項研究是全面的，但他想知道，即使蝸牛黏液沒有接觸到番茄植株，它們是如何感受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的?！斑@是一個非常重要的問題，”奧羅克說。他希望未來的研究能找出使植物能夠感知這些相對遙遠(yuǎn)的信號的機(jī)制)”的整體理解可推知，Richard Karban實際上想了解的是西紅柿植株是如何意識到危險的。故選A

50、?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。第一段中的“New research now shows some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive（先發(fā)制人的）defense that even works against other pest species(現(xiàn)在新的研究表明，一些植物可以在食草動物發(fā)動攻擊前很好地感覺到它們，這讓植物準(zhǔn)備了先發(fā)制人的防御，甚至可以對抗其他有害物種)”是文章的中心句。由此可知，本文主要講述的是有關(guān)

51、植物的科學(xué)研究，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)植物有對外在威脅或攻擊的自我保護(hù)性反應(yīng)。因此A選項(警覺的植物)適合作標(biāo)題。故選A。DOh my God, the robots are taking over! Were doomed! Doomed! Now that Ive gotten that out of my system, its become clear that while we may or may not be doomed, the robots are taking over. The latest example is the governments new guidelines for

52、self-driving cars.Tesla, Google and Uber are already testing driverless cars in cities across America. Uber chief executive Travis Kalanick is among those predicting that by 2021, self-driving cars will play a big part in urban settings.Nearly 40,000 people died last year in this nation in automobil

53、e-related accidents, and we believes driverless cars can save tens of thousands of lives annually.Makes sense. Robot drivers are less likely to get drunk, drive without a license, text while driving or feel agitated at the scene of a pileup. On the other hand, I wonder how these highly sensitive car

54、s will react, with walkers constantly dashing into the street. Will they jam on the brakes every 10 seconds?But theres a bigger picture. Not only are robots replacing humans behind the wheel, but behind the work desk, in warehouses, senior homes, you name it. Robots arent just taking over in the wor

55、kplace.The question is, where cant a robot function better than a human? How about writing songs? A robot can go through every combination of notes in record time and come up with a pleasing melody. The lyrics might be a different story. Is a Grammy-winning song co-written by Hank Human and R-3071 i

56、n our future?Finally, its only a matter of time until we have robot politicians and presidential candidates. Why not? They can be programmed to be experts in world and domestic affairs and come up with the best solutions without corruption and bad humors.Actually, its too bad such technology isnt av

57、ailable in 2016. Pretty sure the robot would win in a landslide.12. What does the underlined word “agitated” mean?A. TiredB. CautiousC. CarefulD. Anxious13. What doubt does the writer have about self-driving cars?A. How passengers behave in it.B. How robot drivers get the licenseC. How they avoid cr

58、ashing into other carD. How they respond to walkers on a busy street14. The last questions asked in the sixth paragraph reflects the writers .A. confidence in robots, winning Grammy AwardsB. eagerness to listen to songs written by robotsC. doubt about robots ability to write songsD. curiosity about

59、the future Grammy songs15. What might be the most suitable title for the text?A. Robots will control the world in every fieldB. Robots are coming but not soon enoughC. Robots are being used in our daily lifeD. Robots can drive cars and write music【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了作者對于

60、無人駕駛汽車和機(jī)器人等現(xiàn)代化科學(xué)技術(shù)全面代替人類只是時間問題的看法。【12題詳解】猜測詞義題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“Robot drivers are less likely to.at the scene of a pileup.”可知，作者想說的是無人駕駛汽車看到堵車也不會感到焦慮不安。所以agitated應(yīng)意為“焦慮的”，相當(dāng)于 anxious，故選D。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中on the other hand, I wonder how these highly sensitive cars will react, with walker constantly dashing