中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)-介詞

1、介詞復(fù)習(xí)提綱一、介詞的定義介詞是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立存在。它必須和隨后的不足成分一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，才能用作句子的成分二、介詞（短語）的分類1.表示時(shí)間的介詞（短語）at用在具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前。e.g.atfiveoclockin用在年，月，季節(jié)之前，用在表泛指的上午。下午、晚上之前。e.g.inJuly、intheafternoonon用在星期之前，用在具體某天或者某天的上午、下午、晚上之前。e.g.ontheafternoonofJuly2ndafter表示在之后”反義詞是beforeobefore表示“在之前”。除了可以用作介詞之外，before還可以做連詞和副詞。until表示“直到”，no

2、tuntil意為“直到才”。since表示“自從”，后跟表示過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)，通常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。during表示在期間。e.g.duringthespeechfrom和to拾配，from.to.表示從到。e.g.from3:30to5:30by表示在之前不遲于。e.g.byfiveoclock2.表示方位的介詞at用在比較小的地點(diǎn)之前。e.g.arriveattheairportin用在表較大的地點(diǎn)之前。e.g.arriveinBeijing表示在里面。heboxinfrontof表示在前面。反義詞是behindbehind表示在后面”。under表示在-卜面”。by表示在旁邊

3、；靠近。e.g.bythewindowbeside表示在旁邊”。near表示在附近”。nextto表示“靠近;緊挨”。from和to搭配，from.to.表示從至Ue.g.fromBeijingtoShanghaiontheleftof表示在的左邊”。ontherightof表示在的右邊”。【注意】in是常見的介詞，還有如下的用法in+顏色/服裝此時(shí)in表示“穿著某種顏色的衣服”。in+語言此時(shí)in表示“用某種語言”in+時(shí)間段用在一般將來時(shí)的句中，該句表示在“早某段時(shí)間之后。3.表示方式、手段或工具的介詞1）表示方式byby+交通工具。on，inon，in+限定詞+交通工具。2）表示手段或工

4、具with和具體的工具搭配。by表示“通過；以的方式或手段”，其后常跟動(dòng)名詞。in和語言，聲音等材料搭配4.其他?？冀樵~的基本用法for表示為了。e.g.Theyfoughtforthecountry.of表示的”協(xié)助構(gòu)成所有格形式。e.g.amapofChina.about表示關(guān)于。e.g.abookaboutflowers.with表示和在一起。e.g.Ilivewithmyparents.表示帶有，具有。e.g.ahousewithagarden構(gòu)成固定搭配。e.g.withthehelpof,agreewith,providesb.withsth.without表示無；沒有。e.g.F

5、ishcannotlivewithoutwater.三、介詞（短語）的基本用法用作表語。e.g.Weareintheclassroom.用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。e.g.Iwassurprisedtofindhimonthebus.用作后置定語。e.g.ThegirlinawhiteT-shirtismysister.用作狀語。e.g.Therearemanyflowersinthegarden.四、?？嫉囊谆旖樵~和介詞短語between表示“在（兩者）之間”。among表示在（.者或.者之上）之間”infrontof表示“在某范圍以外的前面”。inthefrontof表示“在某范圍以內(nèi)的前面”。on表

6、示“在上面”，強(qiáng)調(diào)表面接觸。反義詞是beneathoover表示“在上方”，強(qiáng)調(diào)在垂直的上面。反義詞是underoabove表示“在上方”，可能在垂直的上方，也可能不在垂直的上方，只表示上下的位置關(guān)系。反義詞是belowacross表示從表面穿過，通常和road,street,river等搭配。through表示從立體空間穿過，通常和window,channel,town,city等搭配。over表示越過咼的物體，通常和wall,mountain等搭配。for后跟時(shí)間段，常用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)間長度。since后跟時(shí)間點(diǎn)，常用來說明動(dòng)作起始的時(shí)間。besides表示“除之外還有”，表示累計(jì)關(guān)系

7、。except表示“除了”，表示排除關(guān)系。bemadeof表示“由制造”，強(qiáng)調(diào)可以看出原材料。bemadefrom表示“由制造”，強(qiáng)調(diào)看不出原材料。bemadeby表示“由（某人）制造”，后面跟人。bemadein表示“在（某地）制造”，后跟地點(diǎn)。bemadeinto表示“被制成”，后跟成品。五、介詞（短語）中考考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞+介詞：at：lookatlaughatknockatshoutatpointatfor：payforlookforaskforleaveforon：dependongetoncallonpassongoonwith：agreewitharguewithbeginwith

8、about：thinkaboutcareaboutworryaboutbe+形容詞+介詞：of：beproudofbefullofbeafraidoffor：befamousforbereadyforbesorryforbelateforin：beinterestedinbestrcitin.at：begoodatbeangryatbesurprisedatwith：besatisfied/pleasedwithbesrictwithbeangrywith考點(diǎn)二ofsb.和forsb.Its+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.該句型多用于表示人物的性格或品德。其中的形容詞多是表示主觀感情或

9、態(tài)度的形容詞，如good，kind，nice，clever，foolish等。Itsadj.+forsb.+todosth.該句型多用于表示人物或事物的特征。其中的形容詞多是表示客觀形勢(shì)的形容詞，如easy，hard，difficult，interesting考點(diǎn)針對(duì)聯(lián)系一、單項(xiàng)選擇【2013北京】LucylivedinBeijingfrom20082012.onB.toC.atD.of【2013大連】InAmerica,peoplestartcelebratingtheNewYear31tDecember.A.inB.atC.onD.for【2013揚(yáng)州】-Howlonghaveyouliv

10、edinthenewflat?-2010.A.InB.AfterC.SinceD.Before【2013錦州】Mostofmyclassmatesgotoschoolbike.A.atB.byC.onD.in【2013上海】Wow!TenstudentsinourclasswillcelebratetheirfourteenthbirthdaysOctober!A.inB.onC.atD.to【2013呼和浩特】herhusband,shehasnowbecomeafamousfilmstar.A.BecauseB.ThankstoC.ThanksforD.Withthehelpof【2013

11、蘭州】-WhydoyoualwaysgotoLanzhouUniversityonweekends?-BecausethererelotsofgreatspeakersIcanpracticeEnglishintheEnglishcornerthere.A.withB.toC.onD.about【2013煙臺(tái)】-Whydoyoualwayssleep?-BecauseImafraidofthedark.A.byyourselfB.withthedooropenC.withthewindowopenD.withthelighton【2013三亞】OnmyvisittoAustralia,Ifee

12、lAustraliansaresimilarusinmanyways.A.withB.inC.toD.at【2013河南】-Whatdidyougetyourbirthdayjason?-AniPad3,frommyaunt.A.toB.atC.withD.for【2013安徽】Mrs.Kingputacoatthesleepinggirltokeepherwarm.A.overB.withC.behindD.beside【2013無錫】Iceisnotoftenseenhereinwinterasthetemperaturenormallystayszero.A.upB.downC.abov

13、eD,below【2013溫州】Annoftehelpsmemathafterschool.AforB.withC.onD.by【2013黔西南】AllofyouwentthezooWangHui.Shehadtolookafterhergrandpa.A.besidesB,withC.exceptD.beside15【2013德州】,theInternetwasonlyusedbygovernment.Butnowitswidelyusedineveryfield.A.AsusualB.AtfirstC.AfterallD.Sofar【2013重慶】YoucanimproveyourEngl

14、ishpracticingmore.A.byB.withC.ofD.in【2013蘇州】Sandyisarealbookloverandsheoftenbringshomemanybookstoreadthelibrary.A.inB.forC.byD.from【2013武漢】Suehasmanynicedresses.Shewearsadifferentoneeverydaytheweek.A.ofB.fromC.atD.for【2013荊州】Themodelplaneisntasniceasmysisters,butitwasmadebymyself.A.atlastB.atleastC.

15、attimesD.atpresent【2013麗水】Beforethebridgewasbuilttheriver,thevillagershadtotakeaboattotheotherside.A.inB.besideC.acrossD.along【2013聊城】Dontaskhimtostudytoolateinthenight.,heisonlyasmallchild.A.AsaresultB.AfterallC.BestofallD.Forexample【2013荷澤】Mostofkidsinourschoolenjoypopsongs,somehitsongsontheIntern

16、etlikeTheCoolestEthnicTrend（最炫民族風(fēng)）.A.besidesB.includingC.exceptD.without【2013襄陽】-Whatdoyouoftendoclassestorelaxyourselves.-Weoftendoeyeexercises,listentomusicordosomerunningaroundtheschool.A.inB.amongC.betweenD.through【2013孝感】Studentsshouldntgotoschoolbreakfast.Itsbadfortheirhealth.A.withB.withoutC.

17、forD.by【2013廣州】Icouldntdoityourgreathelp.Thanksalot!A.withB.withoutC.forD.to二、介詞填空1.CouldyoutellmesomethingUFOs?Iamreallyinterestedinit.2.Igotoschooleightoclock.3.Ginasfatherisfortyyearsold.canhelpyoumath.Thepictureisthewall.Thewindowsarethewall.ManystudentsdohomeworkpensMybirthdayisFebruary,15th.Ch

18、ildrensDayisJune.WhatsthisJapanese?Pleasecomeandseeatourstoreyourself.Manybooksarethebookcase.Asetofkeysisthedrawer.Mymirror（鏡子）isthedresser.Myshoesarethebed.Tomusuallyplaysping-pongtwohoursBisAC.gotoschoolabackpack.Pleasebringsomebooksschool.Wesellthesebagssports$5.buytwopairsofshoes$50Heoftenplays

19、computergamestheevening.TheyusuallyplaybasketballSaturdaymorning.Thisboyisthetree.Itsverydangerous.（危險(xiǎn)）。25.Therearemanypearsthetree.Hereisaphotomyfamily.ThisisthemapChina.ThebankdoesntopenSunday.Myparentsusuallygototheparksupper.Wehavesocksallcolors.Thanksyourletter.Myfatherisstrictmemystudy.eataneg

20、gbreakfast,Heoftendoeshishomeworkhome.ThebankofChinaisfrontofthepostoffice.HeusuallywatchesfootballgameTV.reallywantgototheUSA.likecoffeemilk.39.Itsnotpolitetotalkgirlsage.40.Itisveryfar（遠(yuǎn)）ChinaAmerica.三、閱讀練習(xí)完形填空（共15小題，每小題l分;滿分15分）閱讀短文，掌握其大意，然后從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Doyouknowthathumanshavebeenc

21、leaningtheirteethforover7,000years?AccordingtotheBBC,theAncientEgyptiansusedatypeoftoothpaste（牙膏）.21itisbelievedthattheEgyptiansusedafinger22atoothbrushtocleantheirteeth.Chinesepeoplemayhave23thefirsttoothbrusharound1,600BC.Yourtoothbrush,however,mayhavealsobecome24.Becauseitisnowpossibletocleanourt

22、eeth25usingourhands!TwoCanadians,AdelElseriandSaidFayad,haveinvented26calledT2Tortongue-to-teethElserisayshecameupwiththeidea27hewasdrivinghomeafteralongdayatworkHis28isatoothbrushthatgoesontoyourtongue（舌）T2Thasspecialedges（邊緣）andtoothpaste.Sojust29yourtongueoveryourteethanditcleansyourteethjustlike

23、atoothbrush30!ItwillmakeyourbreathfreshtooElseriandFayadmadethishand-freetoothbrushbecausetheybelieveditwasa31wayforsomeonetobrushtheirteeth.ButpeoplecanonlyusetheT2T_32.Wouldyouusethetongue-to-teeth?TheHuffingtonPostintheUS33readerswhattheythought.Sixty-onepercentsaidthattheywoulduseitwhileonlythir

24、ty-ninepercentsaidthey34.PersonallyIthinkImgoingtostickto（堅(jiān)持用）the35.21.A.SoB.ThenC.ButD.Or22.A.insteadofB.becauseofC.morethanD.lessthan23A.discoveredB.developC.builtD.developed24A.scienceB.historyC.problemDsecret25.AbyB.fromC.withoutDfor26.A.nothingB.everythingC.anythingD.something27.A.untilB.whenC.

25、sinceD.though28.A.ideaB.storyC.wordDplan29A.holdB.pullC.moveD.check30AisB.doesC.wasD.did31AhealthierB.easierC.harderD.longer32A.againB.soonConceDalready33.A.toldB.askedC.warnedD.advised34.A.shouldntB.shouldC.wouldntD.would35.AfingerBtoothbrushC.mouthDtongueBritishtennisplayerAndyMurraywaitedsevenyea

26、rsbeforehecouldrealizehisGrandSlam（大滿貫）dream.OnSeptemberll,2012,Murraybeatdefendingchampion（衛(wèi)冕冠軍）NovakDjokovicintheUSOpenfinal.The25-year-oldfinallywonhisfirsteverGrandSlamtrophy（獎(jiǎng)杯）sinceheturnedprofessional（職業(yè)的）in2005.Itwasaclosematchthatlastedfourhoursand54minutes.ThetwoaregoodfriendsandDjokovicis

27、onlysevendaysyounger.Djokovichaswonfivetitles（冠軍）whileMurraywastherunner-upinhislastfourGrandSlamfinals.Wouldhebeabletowinagrandslamthefifthtimeofasking?EvenMurrayhimselfwasnotsure.Iwasstilldoubting（懷疑）myselfrightuptoafewminutesbeforegoingontoplaythematch.Ihavebeeninthispositionmanytimesandnottriedhardtogetthrough,hetoldtheDailyMailafterhisvictory.Buthedidnotthinkabouthispastdisappointment（失望）toomuch.Instead,hefoughtthrough.1thinkjustprovingmyselfisprobablythemostpleasingpartaboutthismatch,hesaid.Thevictorycomesfourweek