牛傳染性鼻氣管炎

1、牛傳染性鼻氣管炎Infectious Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Red nosePrepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt Translated by Dr. Ren Xiaoling病因/發(fā)病機(jī)理 Cause & Pathogenesis牛皰疹病毒I型（BHV1） Herpes virus 1 (BHV 1)高度傳染性大面積爆發(fā)Highly contagious large outbreaks許多型Many forms呼吸性疾病Respiratory Form暴發(fā)流產(chǎn)Abortion storms新生仔畜病毒毒血癥Neonatal viremia傳染性化膿性外陰

2、道炎（IPV） Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV)腦炎型Encephalitic form危險(xiǎn)因素Risk Factors老的帶毒動(dòng)物Older carriers應(yīng)激Stress皮質(zhì)激素Corticosteroids 臨床癥狀Clinical Findings呼吸型 Respiratory Form潛伏期1020天Incubation of 10-20 days鼻炎/氣管炎/雙側(cè)結(jié)膜炎R(shí)hinitis/tracheitis/bilateral conjunctivitis 體溫升高（4142）突然發(fā)作Elevated temperature (41

3、 42 C)紅鼻子大聲咳嗽Red nose loud cough雙眼感染結(jié)膜炎Bilateral infected eyes conjunctivitis鼻孔有潰瘍和斑痕Ulcers and plaques in nares流涎和厭食Salivation and anorexia10-14天康復(fù)Recover in 10 to 14 days流產(chǎn)型Abortion Form引起流產(chǎn)的一般原因Common cause of abortion患IBR的呼吸型后幾周，緊接著流產(chǎn)Abortion follows several weeks after respiratory form of IBR牛群

4、肌肉內(nèi)接種 MLV（修飾的活病毒）疫苗可引起流產(chǎn)Vaccinating a nave herd with IM MLV vaccine can cause abortion大多數(shù)一般在懷孕68月出現(xiàn)Most commonly seen at 6-8 months pregnancy高度傳染性爆發(fā)流產(chǎn)Highly contagious abortion storms 精液，鼻腔和呼吸系統(tǒng)分泌物內(nèi)有病毒Virus found in semen, nasal & respiratory secretions屏障感染后幾周發(fā)生流產(chǎn)Abortion occurs weeks after dam infe

5、cted如果懷孕早期感染，使早期胚胎死亡和不孕If infected early in pregnancy, get early embryonic death and infertility 流產(chǎn)胎兒自溶Aborted fetus is very autolytic一般無(wú)長(zhǎng)期不育Usually no long term infertility新生仔畜病毒血癥 Neonatal Viremia產(chǎn)后幾周內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)Seen in calves within weeks of birth厭食Anorexia流涎，鼻炎，結(jié)膜炎和口腔糜爛Salivation, Rhinitis, conjunctiviti

6、s and oral erosions可能有支氣管肺炎和喉炎May be bronchopneumonia and laryngitis可能有腹瀉和脫水May be diarrhea and dehydration傳染性化膿性外陰道炎 Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis陰道分泌物輕度增多Mild vaginal discharge頻繁排尿和刺激Frequent urination and irritation外陰和陰道可能有潰瘍May be ulcers of vulva and vagina腦型 Encephalitic Form6月齡內(nèi)犢牛Calves u

7、nder six months of age共濟(jì)失調(diào)，肺部有風(fēng)箱音，眼瞎，抽搐In coordination, bellowing, blindness and convulsions常致命Usually fatal診斷Diagnosis臨床癥狀和雙份血清Clinical signs and paired serologyELISAELISA病毒分離Virus isolation鑒別診斷Differential Diagnosis其他原因引起的肺炎、流產(chǎn)和腦炎 Other causes of pneumonia, abortion and encephalitis實(shí)驗(yàn)室和病理學(xué)診斷Labora

8、tory and Pathology眼觀病變Gross pathology組織病理學(xué)肝炎壞死病灶流產(chǎn)Histopathology focal necrotic hepatitis aborted fetus從胎盤(pán)或胎兒肺臟分離病毒Isolate virus from placenta or fetal lungs (1 in 3 cases)雙份血清Paired serology過(guò)氧化物酶免疫實(shí)驗(yàn)Immunoperoxidase test 治療Treatment應(yīng)用廣譜抗生素，防止繼發(fā)支氣管肺炎Broad-spectrum antibiotics to prevent secondary bronchopneumonia后遺癥Sequelae繼發(fā)支氣管肺炎 Secondary bronchopneumonia預(yù)防Prevention & Control根據(jù)感染類型，制定免疫接種計(jì)劃Vaccination program designed for the type of operation對(duì)未懷孕的進(jìn)行MLV肌肉內(nèi)免疫接種Modified Live Virus (MLV) IM to non-pregnant對(duì)懷孕動(dòng)物殺死或鼻內(nèi)處置Killed or intranasal to preg