一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的用法區(qū)別完整

1、一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的用法區(qū)別（可以直接使用，可編輯 優(yōu)秀版資料，歡迎下載）般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時區(qū)別專題一、前言：初一下學(xué)期同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)了一般過去時態(tài)的相關(guān)知識，即將到來的初二上學(xué)期英語學(xué)習(xí)中， 現(xiàn)在完成時是重要的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容。 本文通過對比一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時，對現(xiàn)在完成時進(jìn)行初步講解，希望使同學(xué)們讀新學(xué)期的學(xué)習(xí)有所準(zhǔn)備。二、現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞 have （has）+ 動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。助動詞說明該謂語是屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞，說明句子的意義?，F(xiàn)在完成時的用法現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去某時發(fā)生的行為對主語目前產(chǎn)生的影響。即用

2、過去發(fā)生的某個行為來說明現(xiàn)在的某種情況。We are good friends.（ 現(xiàn)在的情況）I knew him in 1997. （過去的動作）We have known each other since 1997.（現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來并著眼于現(xiàn)在）（ 1 ）表示動作發(fā)生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被 just 、 already 、 yet 等副詞修飾。如：-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes, I have. Ive just had it.你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了）2 ）表示從過去某一時刻開

3、始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。這個動作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有for 和 since 等表示一段時間的狀語。如： He has taught here since 1981他自 1981 年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續(xù)教）I havent seen her for four years.我有四年沒見到她了。3 ）表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗，一般譯為漢語“過”，常帶有twice,ever,never,three times 等時間狀語。如： I have been to Beijing twice. 我去過北京二次。3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語（ 1 ）現(xiàn)在完成時

4、屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍，故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago 等。但是，在強(qiáng)調(diào)動作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時，可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。用副詞 already 和 yet 。 already 一般用于肯定句中， yet 一般用于否定句和 疑問句中。如： We have already finished our homework. 我們已完成作業(yè)了。They havent finished their homework yet. 他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。用 ever 和 never 。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“

5、從未“等。如： -Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？我從未去過長城-I have never been to the Great Wall.c.用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，如just, before, up to now, the pastfew years 等。例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。He has been there three times the last few days. 近幾天他去過那里三次了。d.

6、用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時間狀語，如： now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等。例如：-Have you met him today? -No, I havent.今天你見過他嗎？我沒有。How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去過那里多少次？(2)現(xiàn)在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時間”的狀語連用，表示動作或狀態(tài)從某一時刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如： I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像come,arrive,buy等終止性動詞不能與表

7、示“一段時間”的狀語連用。要用，必須改為“be (在)”等延續(xù)性動詞來表述?，F(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非犯續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：arrive - be herebegin(start) be ondie be deadcome back be backleave be awayfall 川(sick,asleep)- be川(sick,asleep)get up be upgo out be outfinish - be overput on - wear 或 be onopen be openjoin - be in 或 be a memberofclose be closedgo to sch

8、ool be a studentborrow - keepbuy havecatch(a cold) have(a cold)get to know knowbegin to study - study come to work work他參軍三年了。他父親去世二年了。電影已開始十分鐘了。我們(開始)學(xué)英語已三年如： He has been a soldier for three years.His father has been dead for two years.The film has been on for ten minutes.We have studied English fo

9、r three years.4.幾點注意事項(1) have been(to) 與 have gone( to) 的區(qū)另U: have been(to) 表示 “去過某 地(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了)”，可用于各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了(說話時某人不在當(dāng)?shù)?”，常用于第三人稱，前者可與once ,never, several times 等連用，后者則不能。如： They have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^北京兩次。He has gone to Beijing .他去北京了。(2)如單純表示一段時間，或強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時間，雖有 since 一詞，也不必用完 成

10、時。如：It is two years since his father died.他父親去世已有兩年了。=His father has been dead for two years.( 3 )終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如： I havent left here since 1997. 自從 1997 年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。表示行為或狀態(tài)從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在時，用現(xiàn)在完成時，要加表示一段for 一段時間 , since 時間點。I have lived here since my childhood. 我從小就一直住在這

11、里。I have lived here for 10 years. 我在這已經(jīng)住了 10 年了。在提問現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語時通常用 how longHow long have you lived here?注意：在表示某一行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長時間時，根據(jù)終止時間的不同，時態(tài)使用是不一樣的。如：去年夏天我在這里住了一周。到現(xiàn)在為止，我已經(jīng)在這里住了一周。明年我會在這里住一周。I lived here for a week last summer.I have lived here for a week by now.I will live here for a week next year.二、現(xiàn)在

12、完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；而一般過去時表示過去的事 實，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。我剛?cè)ミ^倫敦，是上I have just been to London. I went there last month.個月去的。過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情， 強(qiáng)調(diào)動作； 現(xiàn)在完 成時為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week

13、 , ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀 語共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once， before, already, recently ，lately現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如 live, teach, learn, work, study, k

14、now.過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。舉例：I saw this film yesterday.I have seen this film.了。）Why did you get up so early?Who hasnt handed in his paper?（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道（強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了。）（強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。）她已從巴黎回來了。她是昨天回來了。（在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）（是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)）（ 三年前入團(tuán)，

15、 joinedShe has returned from Paris.She returned yesterday.He has been in the League for three years.He has been a League member for three years.He joined the League three years ago.為短暫行為。 ）I have finished my homework now.-Will somebody go and get Dr. White?-Hes already been sent for.句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如

16、yesterday, last, week, in 1960 ）時，不能 使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、練習(xí)題A. 用 already 或 yetHave they taken down the old pictures _yet_? No, not _havent.Most of us have finished our compositions 阿拉ready_He said he ha

17、dn t visited the exhibition ye_t_.B.用 since 或 forWe have learned five lessons _scincethe beginning of this term.Mrs Liao has been in hospital _scince_last week.I have stayed at my aunt s two weeks.C. 用 have gone 或 have beenWhere are the boy students ? They to the school factory.Is your father in ? N

18、o, he to Shenzhen. he ever therebefore ? Yes, he _ there several timesHe asked me if Ito Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I never to thatcity before.2. 選擇填空Mother me a new coat yesterday. I it on. It fits me well.A. had made have tried B. made have triedC. has made

19、 tried D. made tried“ He to draw horses already” .“ When he“A. learned haB. learned di(C. has learned hDs has learned didTom up into the tree. Look, he high up there !A. has got iB. has climbed wCS got was D. climbed iyou the text yet ? Yes, we it two hours ago.A. Did copy dicB. Have copied havC. Ha

20、ve copied didD. Did copy had“ Why she angry ?”“ Because he atnow . ”A. didget shoutedB. hasgot shoutedC. didget has sedutD. hasgot has shoutedyou the film before ? Where you it ?A. Have seen did seB. Didsee did watchC. Have seen have seeD. Did see have seenYou me waiting for two hours. I for you sin

21、ce five.A. keptwaitedB. have keptwaitedC. kept have waitedD. have kept have waitedWhere John ? To the library. He there for anhour.A. has been has gonB. has gone has been C. did go went D. did be wentthe baby still ? No, it crying.A. Hascried has stoppedB. IscryingstoppedC. Did cry stoppedD. Iscryin

22、ghas stoppedI the way. I here for quite many years.A. knew have lived C. knew eiv C. know have lived D. know liveyou ever America ? Yes, I have.A. Have gone to B. Have gone in C. Have been to D. Have been inMy brother college for over three years.A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has b

23、een atHe the Army by the end of 1989. He in the army sincethen.A. joined isB. has joined has been C. had joined isD. had joined has beenBy the time I back they up ten satellites.A. came va sent B. came had sent C. come have sent D. had come sentJack over five lessons by seven o clock. Then heA. went

24、took B. wenthad taken C. had gone took D. hadgone had takenWe out by that time that he a spy for a long time.A. had found had been B. had found waC. found had beenD. found wasBefore the news him, he to know about it.A. reaches has got B. reached had got C. reached gotD. had reached gotI him a second

25、 letter before I from him.A. wrote heard B. wrote had heard C. had written heard D. have writtenhearPeople that the soldiers fighting.A. say had stopped B. said has stopped C. say stoppedD. said had stpedWe in a good harvest because we enough rain.A. didn t get had had B. got had had C. had got had

26、ha( D. got hadn t hadThey for five hours when they in New York.A. flewarrivedB. had flownhadvarriC. flew had arrivedD. had flown arrivedShe that it for two days by that day.A. says has rained B. says had rained C. said had rained D. said rainedJohn there since the year before, so he them.A. had work

27、ed knew B. had worked had knownC. worked knew D. worked had knownHe angry because he for a long time.A. had got had waited B. got waited C. had got waited D. got had waited- I have seen the film“ Titanic ” already.-When you it ？-The day before yesterday.A. have ； seen B. will ； see C. did ； see D. d

28、id ； seenMr Black in China since five years ago.A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to liveWe trees last Sunday. So far we over 3， 000trees there.A. planted ； plantedB. planted ； have plantedC. have planted ； plantedD. have planted ； have planted練習(xí)答案：1.A. 1) already, yet2) already3) yetB. 1)

29、since2) since3) sinceC. 1) have been2) has gone, Has, been, has been3)have been, have been2. BDACA ADBDCCDDBC ABCDBDCADC BB現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞agree listen put begin blow meetlook swimopenplaysing dance二 填空1. Look, the childrenskate say haveflysit do(enjoy)themselves in the park.2. John (play) basketbal

30、l now.Mary (watch) TV at themoment.Her sister (listen) to musicnow.Listen, they (sing) and(dance ).Our teacher (stand) now.We (speak) English at themoment.The cat (eat) its fish now.Tom and Ann (skate) now.I (drink) coffee now.三 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空J(rèn)ohn often (play) football, but he(play) basketball now.The

31、boys often (swim) in the sea,but they (swim) in the river now.We always (play) in the garden, butwe (play) in the park now.Jane often (speak) English, but she (speak) French now.I often (drink) coffee, but I (drink) tea at the moment. your son (read) at the moment?No, he (sleep). you (cook) now? No,

32、 I I (eat) my lunch.The cat (run) after a cat now.Lily (come) from Shanghai.What are you doing? I (sit) now.Mary (drink) tea now. She (drink) tea every morning.My mother (cook) at the moment.What they (do) now? They (watch) TV. you (watch) TV now? No, I you often(play)games in the evening ? Yes, I.H

33、elen working now? No, she (drink) tea.What is she doing? She (write) a letter.What your son(do) now?He(wait) for a bus at the moment.What she? She is singing.四.句型轉(zhuǎn)換She is writing a letter.(對劃線部分提問)He is reading a book.( 否定句)I am drawing a picture.(對劃線部分提問 )Mary is cooking.(對劃線部分提問)My sister is drawi

34、ng a cat.（ 一般疑問句）My parents are watching TV at home.（ 對 劃線部分提問）They are speaking English.（否定句）He is playing basketball now.（ 對劃線部分 提問）Helen is working at the moment.（一般疑問句）Lily is playing in the park.（對劃線部分提問）一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時一.選擇t s eight o clock. The students anEnglish class.A. have B. is having C. are

35、havingListen! The baby in the next room.A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. criesTom is a worker. Hein a factory. His sistersin a hospital.A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works 4. WhoEnglish best in your class?A. speak B. speaks C. speakingMrs Read the windows every day.A. is cleaning B. clean

36、C. cleansWe music and often to music.A. like/ listen B. like/ are listeningOn Sunday he sometimeshis clothesand sometimes some shopping.A. wash/ do B. is washing/ is doing C. washes/ does 8. The twins usually milk and bread forbreakfast, but Jim some coffee for it.A. have/ have B. have/ has C. has/

37、have二.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Look! He is(wait) for you now.I always(have) breakfast at home.A bird is(fly) over the house. She is(look) at it.What are you doing now? I(walk) over the bridge.He (talk) to his friends at the moment.She(read) a magazine in the room now. 7.There(be) some milk in the cup. 8.Listen

38、! The children(sing). 9.his brother (clean) his teeth everyday?My sister (not) doing her homework.Can you(see) the plane in the sky?You can(put) it in your pocket.How about(swim) at the pool? Itsounds great.Let s (read) an interesting story-book.Here(be) some hot water for you.He always(watch) TV at

39、 home.John often(play) football, but he(play) basketball now.Mary often (watch) TV at night, but she (listen) to the stereo at the momentI often (drink) coffee, but I (drink) tea at the moment.The boys often (swim) in the sea, but they (swim) in the river now.三.翻譯句子1.李平不是在讀書，她在寫信。Li Ping a book. She

40、a letter.2、“格林先生在看電視嗎？”他伸掃,He房間。”“Mr GreenTV? ,“ _the house.”.今天天氣怎么樣？ is the weather today?或is the weathertoday?.我正在通過收音機(jī)學(xué)(learn)英語。IEnglish on the radio.#KBWhere you from? 或 Whereyou from?我從美國來。 I from America. 或Ifrom America.則7錯Danny gos to school at 7:10.Does Jenny has a good friend?He plaies fo

41、otball very well. Brian doesn t lives in China.We dont our homework in theafternoon.Li Ming with me are in Beijing. Are you come from china. I am watch TV. What do he doing?Let s to go shopping.一般將來時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時一.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.He (stand )in the classroom now.2.She (cook) in the kitchen now.3.My father (pai

42、nt) thewall now.4.It(rain) soon.5.I (drink) tea now.They(do) their homework this afternoon.What are you going to do? I (sing).What (be) you (do) tomorrow?.They are going to(wait) for a bus.Don t (drop) the vase.He ( not talk) tohis friends at the moment.What the dog (do)?It s running. He(type ) a le

43、tter for his bosstomorrow. I like( eat ) bananas. She is going to( tell ) me the news. Are you going to sing ? Yes, I( be ).The teacher (speak ) to the students tomorrow.What the girl ( do )? She is going to do her homework.you( paint ) yourbookcase? No, I m going to paint the wall. Now we re (liste

44、n) tothe stereo.二.翻譯句子.你在做什么? Whatyou?.他要開門。He _Z_ZZZ_ the door.我兒子現(xiàn)在正在哭。My sonnow.4她今天下午要去游泳。 Shethisafternoon. 貓在吃一只老鼠。The cat.他媽媽在唱歌嗎？ his mother _?.她現(xiàn)在正在游泳。Shenow.他們不打算把墻涂成白色。Theypaint thewall.你弟弟要睡覺嗎?your brother ?-10我明天要打掃房間。Itheroom tomorrow.三.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.I m going to drink tea.（劃線部分提問）Whatyouto?2.

45、We are waiting for the bus. （否定句）3.She is going to do her homework.（戈 U 線部分提問）is going to do her homework.? 一4.I m going to read a magazine.（戈U線部分提問）Whatyou?5.Emma is going to make the bed.（一般疑問句）Emma going to make the bed6.She is singing in her classroom.（一般疑問singing in her classroom?7. We are goin

46、g to sing. （否定句）Wegoing to sing8. Are you opening the window?（肯定回答）,.9.Is he going to school next month?（否定10. The cat is running after a mouse.（否定The catafter a mouse.Our teacher is reading a text. （一般疑問readingatext?It is going to rain定句）Itrain.I am doing the housework.（一般疑問句） thehouseHe is shaving

47、 now （ 劃線部分提問）Whathe?Her brother is going to read the book tomorrow.（劃線帝分提問） What her brother tomorrow?初中一年級學(xué)案中考英語一般現(xiàn)在時專項練習(xí)題及答案第一部分按照要求改寫句子Li Ming watches TV every evening.（ 改為否定句）I do my homework every day.（改為一般疑問句，并作否定回答）He speaks English very well.（改為否定句）I like taking photos in the park.（ 對劃線部分提問

48、）John comes from Canada.（對戈 U線部分提 問）She is always a good student.（改為一般疑問句，作否定回答）She likes milk.（改為一般疑問句，并作肯定回答）Amy s mother likes playing computergames.（改為一般疑問句，并作否定回答）Simon and Daniel like going skating.（改為否定句）Do you often play football after school?（肯定回答）I have many books.（改為否定句）We go to school ev

49、ery morning.（改為否定句）Gao Shans sister likes playing table tennis.（改為否定句）She lives in a small town near New York.（改為一般疑問句）I watch TV every day. （改為一般疑問句）David has got a goal.（改為一般疑問句）We have four lessons.（改為否定句）Nancy doesnt run fast.（改為肯定句）My dog runs fast. 否定句： 一般疑問句：Mike has two letters for him.一般疑問句

50、：否定句：I usually play football on Friday afternoon.否定句：一般疑問句：劃線提問Sun Yang usually washes some clotheson Saturday.否定句：一般疑問句：劃線提問:Mingming waters the flowers day.否定句：一般疑問句：劃線提問Tom does his homework at home.否定句：一般疑問句：劃線提問最佳答案Li Ming doesnt watch TV every evening.Do you do your homework every day?No,I don

51、t.Does she like milk? Yes,she does.everyDoes Amy mother like playing computer games? No,she doesnt.We dont go to school every morning.He doesnt speak English very well.What do you like doing in the park?John comes from Canada.Where does John come from?Is she always a good student? No,she isnt.Simon

52、and Daniel dont like going skating.Yes,I do.I dont have many books.Gao Shans sister doesnt like playing table tennis.Does she live in a small town near NewYork?Do you watch TV every day?Has David got a goal?We dont have four lessons.Nancy runs fast.My dog doesnt run fast.Does yourdog run fast?Does M

53、ike have two letters for him?Mike doesnt have two letters for him.I dont usually play football on Friday afternoon.Do you usually play football on Friday afternoon?What do you usually do on Friday afternoon?Sun Yang doesnt usually wash any clothes on Saturday.Does Sun Yang usually wash any clothes on Saturday?What does Sun Yang usually do on Saturday?Mingming doesnt usually water the flowers every day.Does Mingming usually water the flowers every day?What does Mingming usually do every day?Tom doesnt do his homework at home.Does Tom do his