大學(xué)英語四級(jí)長篇匹配閱讀20篇

1、大學(xué)英語四級(jí)長篇匹配閱讀20篇大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試閱讀部分試題的第二部分是長篇匹配閱讀，要求考生閱讀一篇1000詞左右的文章并完成10道題目。長篇匹配閱讀考查考生運(yùn)用專門的閱讀技能來閱讀文章的能力，包括用略讀獲取文章大意和用查讀獲取特定信息。3.1大學(xué)英語四級(jí)長篇匹配閱讀答題攻略一、題型介紹1文章包括兩類：帶小標(biāo)題的文章和無小標(biāo)題的文章帶小標(biāo)題的文章的每一部分都有一個(gè)總括性的小標(biāo)題,通常這個(gè)小標(biāo)題就是該部分內(nèi)容的概括性總結(jié)，且每一小標(biāo)題下的內(nèi)容通常是相對獨(dú)立的。無小標(biāo)題的文章沒有明顯的內(nèi)容間隔,對于這類文章，需通過略讀找出主題句或主題詞，特別要注意每段的句首和句尾。2題目類型：句子表述對應(yīng)文中段落

2、2006年6月2007年6月，這部分是快速閱讀部分，閱讀后的題目為：前面7題為是非判斷題，2007年12月2013年6月的快速閱讀部分的前面7題為選擇題；后面3題題型不變，為填空題，要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容把句子補(bǔ)充完整。而在2013年12月的四級(jí)考試，快速閱讀變?yōu)殚L篇匹配閱讀，篇章后附有10個(gè)句子，每句一題。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出與每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能對應(yīng)兩題，有的段落可能不對應(yīng)任何一題。二、命題規(guī)律1長篇匹配閱讀題目設(shè)置時(shí)，將幾句話整合或者將段落的大意、段落中的具體信息作為考察點(diǎn)。題目的順序不再按文章順序，而是打亂了，需要考生找到題目與文章項(xiàng)匹配的段落

3、。2包含時(shí)間數(shù)字、大寫字母、人名、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)名稱等特別的信息點(diǎn)處往往是命題的重點(diǎn)。3標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)處常設(shè)考點(diǎn)。文章中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)往往是為了更好地解釋前面的內(nèi)容，所以可以利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，如破折號(hào)、小括號(hào)、冒號(hào)等，推斷不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或句子的含義。三、定位技巧長篇閱讀篇幅長、時(shí)間短，因此如何快速確定答案所在的位置極其關(guān)鍵。選取定位詞時(shí)有兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：特殊性和細(xì)節(jié)性。文章中多次出現(xiàn)的詞匯不是定位詞，只有那些出現(xiàn)次數(shù)少、具有明顯識(shí)別性的詞才是定位詞。長篇匹配閱讀的定位技巧與以前的快速閱讀時(shí)定位類似。題干中比較容易定位的關(guān)鍵詞包括：1數(shù)字、地點(diǎn)、大寫、斜體、人名的單詞數(shù)字包括時(shí)間、分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、貨幣數(shù)和普通數(shù)值等，這類詞

4、容易在原文中找到，可輕松定位。例:Sincethemid-1970s,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedatanannualrateof3.9percent.（2013年12月樣題）地點(diǎn)一般都具有唯一性，其首字母是大寫，考試時(shí)應(yīng)注意原文中的不同地點(diǎn)會(huì)對應(yīng)不同的信息。例：ThenumberofforeignstudentsapplyingtoU.S.universitiesdecreasedsharplyafterSeptember11duetochangesinthevisaprocess.（2013年12月樣題）大寫單詞一般是組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的縮

5、寫或是對某事物的特定稱謂，在考查該地區(qū)、該事件等相關(guān)問題時(shí)作用時(shí)可幫助定位。例：WhatkindoforganizationisMindsetsLLC?（2009年6月）斜體一般是在考查與斜體相關(guān)的信息時(shí)出現(xiàn)，可在原文中快速找到。人名通常是和某個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)名稱或其職務(wù)連用，如ScottFriedhoff,Alleghenysvicepresident,在考查某人的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度或研究發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)常利用人名進(jìn)行定位。例：WhatdoHongKongdinerswelcome,accordingtoWelshexecutivechefDavidTamlyn?（2011年6月）2拼寫較長、以連字符連接的詞這類詞在原文

6、中的出現(xiàn)次數(shù)很少，因此可根據(jù)題干中的長難詞有效確定答案的位例：Present-dayuniversitieshavebecomeapowerfulforceforglobalintegration.（2013年12月樣題）globalintegration表示“全球一體化”是常見的搭配，在文中很容易就能找到。3文章小標(biāo)題長篇匹配閱讀有時(shí)在文章中會(huì)出現(xiàn)多個(gè)小標(biāo)題，而每個(gè)小標(biāo)題后都對應(yīng)特定主題的內(nèi)容，做題時(shí)可根據(jù)題干信息找到相應(yīng)小標(biāo)題，縮小做題范圍。四、解題技巧利用定位技巧找到題干在原文中的大體位置后，如何確定題目答案同樣有跡可循1注意邏輯關(guān)系詞在將題目與原文進(jìn)行對應(yīng)時(shí)，要學(xué)會(huì)挑揀有信息的地方精讀

7、，其中原文中表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞要注意：因果關(guān)系：asaresult,therefore,hence,consequently,because,for,dueto等。并列、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：and,or,then,inaddition,besides,inotherwords,moreover等。轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：however,but,yet,infact等。表示比較：onthecontrary;bycontrast;comparedwith,.than.等。運(yùn)用這些詞可幫助確定題目的考查點(diǎn)，例如出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)折的作用一般是對前面的否定，對后面的肯定。2運(yùn)用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)要學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用小括號(hào)、破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)等。

8、通常這些標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是為了進(jìn)一步解釋前面的信息，而快速閱讀的詞匯相對來說比較簡單，可以很容易理解標(biāo)點(diǎn)前的被解釋信息，因此在做題時(shí)可將這些符號(hào)之后的信息略去不讀，從而節(jié)省做題時(shí)間。3同義替換四級(jí)長篇匹配閱讀部分，有時(shí)題目并不一定是原本的內(nèi)容，而是使用了同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此做題時(shí)注意原文中換一種說法以后設(shè)置的題目。有的題考查文章主旨、段落大意，通?？稍谖恼碌氖啄┚渥印⑹啄┒温涮幉檎?。五、解題步驟在做長篇匹配閱讀時(shí)，除了要有較快的閱讀速度，還必須掌握一定的做題方法，考生可參照以下步驟進(jìn)行答題：1先看題目定方向長篇匹配閱讀篇幅長、時(shí)間短，因此在做題時(shí)必須帶著目的在原文中有選擇有方向地閱讀。考生應(yīng)先看題目再看文章

9、，首先利用題目中的時(shí)間、數(shù)字、大寫、人名等關(guān)鍵詞快速定位答案在原文中的位置，接著再讀文章。2定位判斷很輕松相對于深度閱讀而言，長篇匹配閱讀中“找”甚于“懂”，因?yàn)樗幌裆疃乳喿x的選項(xiàng)那樣具有極強(qiáng)的干擾性，因此只要題干中的某些關(guān)鍵詞出現(xiàn)在文中鎖定的位置就可以確定正確答案了。3.2大學(xué)英語四級(jí)長篇匹配閱讀高分特訓(xùn)20篇Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Iden

10、tifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Pleasereadthefollowingpassagesandanswerthequestions.基礎(chǔ)篇Passage1題材：社會(huì)生活字?jǐn)?shù)：1170建議用時(shí)：14分鐘DigitalBookIsaTrueRevolutionforBlindPeopleA）NolongerdoprintedbookstorturemewithallthethingsImmiss

11、ing,writesPeterWhite,whoisblind.Thebookisafamiliartheme.Indeed,itcameupyetagaininthisnewspapersletterspagesearlierthisweek.ThepointofthislatestevilspeakingagainsttheriseoftheeBookwasthatphysicalbooksleaveatrace,canbepassedon,enhancearoom,reigniteamemory.Andyetformostofmylife,greedyandindiscriminateb

12、ookreaderthoughIam,theprintedbookhasbeennothingbutatease（取笑）:awill-o-the-wispholdingoutwhatmightbepossible,onlytograbitawayassoonasIreachforit.B）Iwasbornblind,andreadingformehasalwaysmeantbraille（盲文）.Ivehadmuchfunandsatisfactionfrombooks,buttheyaretheonecasewhereIvenotbeenabletosticktomyruleofnotsor

13、rowingforwhatIcouldnthave.Withonlyatinyproportionofbookspublishedavailableinbraillewelllessthan1%theworldsliteraturewasnotsomuchoffereduptoyouashunginfrontofyou.C）Itwasasubtleformoftorture:justenoughtosuckyouin,nochancetodothatreadersthing,starttofinish,inanorgy（狂歡）ofexcess.Andthisiswheremylove-hate

14、relationshipwiththeprintedbook,andthebookshop,starts.Iremembergoingintothemwithmymum,runningmyfingersalongtheshelves,lettingtheedgesofpagesslipthroughmyfingers.Wasthis,perhaps,FiveGoBungee-Jumping,orWilliamandtheOutlawsLearntoRap?ItsbeennobettersinceIvebeenanadult,althoughinsteadofBlyton,Cromptonand

15、FrankRichards,IveobsessedaboutthelatestSebastianFaulks,tackybonkbusterorpoliticalbiography.Ihaveallthesensoryaspirationsofthebook-loverthesmellofthepaper;thesatisfyingcrackofopeninganewbook;thepleasinglyroundedfeelofthespine（脊背）一withnoneofthesatisfactionofreadingthem.D）IsupposeatthispointIhadbettera

16、nticipatestoppingthefloodofsuggestionsfrompuzzledwell-wishers,wonderingthatIhavenotheardofthetalkingbook.Ihave,ofcourse,andverygoodsomeofthemarebutitsnotreading,isit?Yettheresgoodnews.Thiscolumnisnottobeasustainedcomplaint.Thereisahappyending.Ihavejustspentmuchofmyholidaybrowsinginbookshopsandnotasa

17、formofself-flagellation（自罰）,butlookingforbooksIamactuallygoingtobeabletoread.Themuch-maligned（被毀謗）technologicalrevolutionhascomeupwiththeanswerIthoughtIwouldneverlivetosee:braillebooks,virtuallyondemand.Itsnowpossible,withtherightcombinationofhardwareandsoftware,tobuyabookat9am,scanitpagebypage,andt

18、henuseascreen-readertorenderiteitherintosyntheticspeech,orintobraille,andbereadingitbylunchtime.E）Ifthiswereall,itwouldbeagreatadvance;butyoudonthavetobetiedtothecomputertoreadyourbook.Youcandownloaditontoaflashcard,whichyoucaninsertintoaportablebraillereader.Result:hundredsofbooksoneachtinycard,att

19、hetouchofabutton.Again,Iknowthisisnotnew.Itsbeenaroundforatleast15years.ButIamanaturalLuddite,andhavehadtogothroughthefourstagesoffindingoutaboutit,learningtobelievethatithadanythingtodowithme,figuringoutphysicallyhowtodoit,andfinallyallowingittorevolutionizemylife.F）Therearedrawbacks,someofwhichIll

20、cometo,butjustletmegloryforalittlelongerinthefreedomtobrowseatall.IamnowafamiliarfigureinthebookshopsofWinchester,especiallythesecondhandones,ofwhichwereluckyenoughtohavequiteafew.Ithastobemainlysecondhandones,becauselikeakidinasweetshop,particularlyakidwhowasntallowedsweetsforalongtime,Iamindangero

21、fgorging（狼吞虎咽）myselfandmakingmyselfsick.Secondhandistheonlywayofkeepingmyspendingundersomesortofcontrol.G）IsuspectImnotauniversallypopularbrowser.Ineedacompaniontofindtherightsection,toreadtitlesandreviewsandmaybeeventhebeginningofthebookallthethingstypicalbrowsersdo,butnotaloud.Idontfindsecondhandb

22、ookshopstedioustheresgood-fellowshipamongbookhuntersbutevenso,Isometimesfeelthegrowingdisapprovalofthequietcarriageonthetrain:“Wellstandonephonecall,butnotthree.”H）Imquitehappywithmycompanion-in-chief,abook-lovingsonwhoovertheyearshaspatientlyreadandabstractedbooksforme,andisnowtryingtodecidewhether

23、theroleofbrowserandscanner-in-chiefismoreorlessstruggling.Overthepastcoupleofweeks,inthedelightfuldisorderedchaosthatissecondhandbookshops,IvemanagedtopickupeverythingfromaculturalsurveyoftheWeimarrepublictoanessayongoalkeeping,viabiographiesasdisconnectedasMarieAntoinetteandKimPhilby;tryoutauthorsw

24、hosenameshavecaughtmyfancyinreviews,suchasAlisonLurie;andmakerandomdecisionsaboutwhatIread,ratherthanhavethosedecisionsmadeformebytheequallyrandomfancyofthecommitteethatdecideswhatisputintobraille.Suddenly,Icanpursueimpulses,suchasmysearchforCynthiaAsquithsghoststories,oradecentaccountoftheSouthAfri

25、cansinEnglandin1955.Itsnotperfectyet.Scanningbookspagebypageistedious;variationsoftypeandprintsizecanoftenproduceequallyvariableresults,whichrequireskillfuleditingtomakereadable;andeverytimesomeoneupgradessoftwareorchangesanoperatingsystem,youfindyourselfbackatsquareone.Withbooksbeingproducedelectro

26、nicallyasamatterofcourse,publishers,authorsandagentscouldbemuchmorehelpful.Surelyawayofmakingdigitalversionsofbooksavailabletoblindpeoplepreparedtopayforthem,orborrowthemunderclearlydefinedconditions,couldbedevisedwithoutbringingdownthepublishingindustryinanexplosionofpiracy?Whilewewaitforthepublish

27、ersandtheblindorganizationstogettheirfingersout,weblindreaderstakemattersintoourownhands,passingourscannedbooksquietlyamongourselveslikekidswithdrugsonstreetcorners.Buthey!Forafewofusluckyenoughtohavetheequipment,themoneyandthehelp,thingsaresomuchbettertoday.Nowitsmewhoisabletotakeasmanybooksonholid

28、ayasIlike,allpackedonthoselittlecards,whilemywifehastolimitherselftothreeorfourpaperbacks.ThedaysofWarandPeacein21braillevolumes,slippingthepostmansdiscashestaggersupthepath,arenearlyover.1Now,insteadofsubmittingtothedecisionsmadebytheequallyrandomwhimofthecommitteethatdecideswhatisputintobraille,th

29、eauthorcanmakerandomdecisionsaboutwhathereads.2Lesslessthan1%ofbookspublishedareavailableinbraille,thustheriseofebookswillcausetheauthorssorrowforthebooks.3Thereasonwhytheauthormainlychoosesthesecondhandbookshopsisthatinthatwayhecankeephisspendingundercontrol.4Thereasonforrecentevilspeakingagainstth

30、eeBookwasthatphysicalbookscouldbepassedonandleaveatracewhileebookcouldnot.5Theintentionoftheauthorsspendingmuchofhisholidaybrowsinginbookshopswastolookforbooksthatheisabletoread.6Nowitstheauthorswifewhohastolimitherselftothreeorfourpaperbacks,whiletheauthorcantakeasmanybooksonholidayashelike,allpack

31、edonthoselittlecards.7Comparedwiththenormalbook-lover,theauthorcantenjoythecontentofreadingthebooks.8Thebraillereaderisnotperfectyetforvariationsoftypeandprintsizecanoftenproduceequallyvariableresults,whichrequiresskilfuleditingtomakereadable.9Theauthorchosetousetheportablebraillereaderafter15yearss

32、inceitsinventionbecauseheneededsometimetogettoknowit,learnit,andthenuseit.10Thoughhethinksthesecondhandbookshopsboring,theauthorsometimesfeelsthegrowingdisapprovalbecauseofmuchringofphones.文章大意本文講述了一位盲人使用電子書的感受，從之前只有很少的書籍有盲文版本，到現(xiàn)在通過使用閱讀器可以將所有的書都轉(zhuǎn)換成盲文，極大地方便了盲人中那些渴望讀書的人。參考答案及解析1H定位由equallyrandomwhimof

33、thecommittee可定位到H段倒數(shù)第二句。解析該句提到作者現(xiàn)在可以對自己要讀什么書做任意的決定，而不是“聽從那些決定將哪些書制成盲文的委員會(huì)的任意的決定”。2.B定位由sorrowfor可定位到B段第三句。解析該句指出“只有一件事作者不能堅(jiān)持自己的原則，即不為自己不能擁有的而傷心”，后面接著提到“是因?yàn)橹挥泻苌僖徊糠值臅忻の陌姹尽薄?.F定位由secondhand可定位到F段后半部分。解析作者用小孩吃糖果的例子來說明為什么必須是二手書店，最后一句指出“二手書店在某種程度上是控制花銷的唯一的一種方式”。4A定位根據(jù)evilspeakingagainsttheeBook可定位到A段第四句

34、。解析該句指出“最新抨擊電子書的焦點(diǎn)是電子書不像紙質(zhì)書可以留下痕跡，可以傳遞，可以擴(kuò)充房屋，可以點(diǎn)燃回憶等”。D定位由holiday,browsinginbookshops可定位到D段中間。解析該句指出“假期的大部分時(shí)間我都在書店里瀏覽，不是為了自罰，而是尋找我真正可以讀的書”。6I定位由tolimitherselftothreeorfourpaperbacks可定位到I段倒數(shù)第二句。解析這句話提到“現(xiàn)在是我可以在假期的時(shí)候隨便帶多少書，把它們都裝在這些小卡片里，而我的妻子卻只能帶三四本紙質(zhì)書”。7.C定位由book-lover可定位到C段最后一句。解析作者和那些愛書人“有同樣的感官渴望紙張的

35、味道，新書翻開的響聲帶來的滿足，撫摸圓形書脊的那種開心感覺但卻沒有一點(diǎn)來自讀書的滿足”。8.I定位根據(jù)notperfectyet可定位到I段。解析該段前幾句提到“目前的技術(shù)并不完美，一頁頁的掃描書很乏味，而且不同的類型和打印尺寸經(jīng)常會(huì)得到不同的結(jié)果，這需要熟練的編輯技術(shù)才能做到輕松易讀”。9E定位根據(jù)題干中portablebraillereader,15years可定位到E段。解析該段后半部分提到作者知道“這種技術(shù)不是很新，它已經(jīng)存在至少15年了，但是他是一個(gè)天生的勒德分子”，接著作者解釋了什么是勒德分子，即必須經(jīng)過四個(gè)階段才能去使用這種技術(shù)的人。10.G定位由feelsthegrowingd

36、isapproval可定位到G段后半部分。解析作者指出“有時(shí)候會(huì)感到逐漸增多的不滿：我們可以忍受一個(gè)電話，但不是三個(gè)”，即作者不滿有太多的電話響聲。詞匯裝備TcignikJl=1gnaiir.?整新Sitfianticipate血詢口時(shí)t咄預(yù)期i提常便用i槍左wriLi氓&n*仁掏耶（瘦）WW常iDdiBcrimlnaleliridiEkriminiladf.不ftQ選擇的ekUousadf.乏味帆單謂的*亢快的iil呼raking誹請bfob昶湘abevt著逢的訶HE口豎揪帖赫舞苦.握儺Passage2題材：社會(huì)生活字?jǐn)?shù)：1120建議用時(shí)：13.5分鐘WhylntegrityMattersW

37、hatlslntegrity?A）Thekeytointegrityisconsistencynotonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself（honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness）butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachandeveryday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethical（道德上的）standardsevenwhenmakinglifeshardchoices,choiceswhichm

38、aybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.B）Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapse（缺失）ofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrus

39、tsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?Thusintegritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.RiskyBusinessC）Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecantseetherisksweretaking,wecantmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthef

40、acts.Forexample,onewhodoesntknowtherulesaaboutplagiarism票9竊）mayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercreditoronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis“unintentional”doesnotexcusethemisconduct.Ignoranceisnotadefen

41、se.“ButEverybodyDoesIt”D）Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfactsbutmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttheriskstheyretakingbyusingexcuses:“Everyoneelsedoesit.”“Imnothurtinganyone”,or“Ireallyneedthisgrade.”Excusescangetveryelaborate:“l(fā)knowlmlookatanothersexam,eventhoughlmsupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpap

42、er,butthatsnotcheatingbecauseImjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying.”Wemustbehonestaboutouractionsandavoidexcuses,ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwerenotdoinganythingwrong,wecantseetherealchoiceweremakingandthatleadstobaddecisions.Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:Askhowyouwouldfeeli

43、fyouractionswerepublicandanyonecouldbewatchingoveryourshoulder.Ifyoudratherhideyouractions,thatsanindicationthatyouretakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.EvaluatingRisksE）Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothe

44、rsaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmediatebenefitsandsimplyhaventconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareseriousandmayincludea“O”onatestorassignment,an“F”intheclass,suspension（暫令停學(xué)）ordismissalfromschoolandaruinedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakarol

45、eorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlifeandgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishmentthatyouhavenocontrolover.Thisisanextremelyvulnerable（脆弱的）position.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeathorhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearentmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.GettingAwaywithitOrNotF）Thosewhodon

46、tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesntlearnfromthetest,whichdeprives（錄0奪）himherofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-respectandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guiltyandafraidofge

47、ttingcaught.Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesntgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems“easier.”Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.Chea

48、tingHurtsOther,TooG）Cheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions“dontcount”anddontreallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveanintensecumulative（累積的effect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease.Recentstatisticssuggest30ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothersgrades.Evenifthereis

49、nocurve,cheating“poisons”theclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.(“IfIdontcheatIcantcompetewiththosewhodo”)Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoodteachingisseeingstudentslearn.Butacheatersays.“Imnotinterestedinwhatyouretryingtoteach,allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regard

50、lessoftheeffectonothers.”Theendresultisadestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheuniversityandharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.WhyIntegrityMattersIfcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofothers,ifnot,wecouldnt

51、putmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentistthelistisendless.Therearemanyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,ofcourse,Wate

52、rgate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournationseconomyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.Insum,w

53、eallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwewanttolive.1Thosewhotakeriskstheyregretlateronvalueimmediatebenefitsmost2Integritymattersbecauseallsocialactivitiesrelyonpeopleshonestyandgoodfaith.3T

54、hereasonwhywemustlearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotakeistomakesurewemakeresponsiblechoices.4Manypeoplefoolthemselvesaboutrisksbyusingallkindsofexcuseswhentheygetintrouble,eveniftheyknowtherules.5Cheatingislikediease,thatcanspreadinclassroom.Ithurtshard-workstudents,teachersandthereputationoftheuni

55、versity.6Tobeapersonofintegrity,onenotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalsostickstotheminhisdailylife.7Accordingtotheauthor,acheaterwhodoesntgetcaughtrightawaywillpaymoredearly.8ManyAmericanslostfaithintheintegrityoftheirpoliticalleadersasaresultoftheWatergatescandal.9Integrityplaysanimportant

56、roleinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships.10.Violationofaruleismisconductevenifitisunintentional.文章大意本文圍繞誠信進(jìn)行討論，可見近些年來人們對于道德問題給予了高度的重視。本文以小標(biāo)題的形式展開，從什么是誠信、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)、人人熱衷于冒險(xiǎn)、評估風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、避免欺騙行為等方面闡釋了誠信在日常生活中的重要性。參考答案及解析1.E定位根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞regretlater定位到E段的第二句。解析表述與原文是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，value和原文中的focuson都表達(dá)“注重眼前利益”之意。H定位據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Integrity

57、matters和relyon定位到H段第二句。解析該句提到“我們的日常生活都必須依靠相互信任”，否則社會(huì)會(huì)一片混亂，由此可見正直、誠實(shí)的重要性。C定位根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞identifytherisks將答案定位在C段。解析題干中identifytherisks與文中recognizerisks是同義替換。D定位根據(jù)題干中foolthemselves和byusingallkindsofexcuses可定位在D段第一句。解析該句提到“惹禍上身的人中絕大多數(shù)都知道規(guī)則和事實(shí)，但是他們總是自欺欺人，為自己所承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)尋找借口”。G定位根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞disease和hurt等詞，可定位到G段。解析這一段主要

58、講的是作弊對他人的危害。陳述是對G段的總結(jié)。A定位根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞是“notonlybutalso”可定位到全文第一句。解析提到“誠信最關(guān)鍵的就是言行一致一一不僅要為自己設(shè)定一個(gè)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（誠實(shí),責(zé)任感，尊重他人，公平），而且每時(shí)每刻都要遵守這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。F定位根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞getcaught定位到F段的首句。解析原句里的higherprice和moredearly是同義替換。H定位根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞integrityoftheirpoliticalleaders定位到H段的后面部分。解析該部分提到水門事件的丑聞使美國人對政治和社會(huì)的信任降低。B定位根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞personalandprofession

59、al定位到原文B段中間及后半部分。解析該部分指出“誠信的缺失會(huì)影響我們的人際關(guān)系。信任在任何重要的人際關(guān)系中都是基本的，不論是私人關(guān)系還是職業(yè)關(guān)系?！庇纱丝芍\信在私人關(guān)系和職業(yè)關(guān)系中都很重要。D定位根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞violation和misconduct將定位在D段倒數(shù)第二句。解析這里講到“即使并非有意而為地違反了誠信的規(guī)則也是錯(cuò)誤的，不能以此為借口”。詞匯裝備imegjLty|tntegutln.E言,成實(shí);:ItHidenuiiiei.E：二igucrificefignefensn.T；：statisti飼$t0tistikE乩統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)i統(tǒng)計(jì)表watchovei7i-.,：deprivem.

60、o；剝奪某的-suspensionBaspenjen|:：口：蘭；辛：七.Frd-.7dirauMldismisol?免聯(lián)解sliljperylsli：）erijtj.i?沁他曲玉kaendl朮丑聞】誹詒】蠱言蜚語beavaflaHe有空的*可世使用的itisuw總滬WPassage3題材：經(jīng)濟(jì)管理字?jǐn)?shù)：921建議用時(shí)：11分鐘HighwaysA）Earlyinthe20thcentury,mostofthestreetsandroadsintheU.S.weremadeofdirt,brick,andcedarwoodblocks.Builtforhorse,carriage,andfoot