7052-非常重要框架期末總合

1、Lecture3 tort of negligence:three elements: 1. Duty of Care2. Breach of the duty of care: Standard of care; Failure tomeet the standard3.Damage : Causation; Scope of liability (remoteness)To establish a duty of care, plaiffs must show two things:rm of the kind they suffered was foreseeable (t is, wa

2、s a realnot far-fetched or fanciful) 案例：Chapman v Hearse; andsibility andt,he circumstan, it was not unreasonable to ime a duty on thermdefendant/s to take care not to do anythingt would causeTo prove a breach of duty the plaiff must prove two things:t he or she was owed a particular standard of car

3、e (this might be referred to as thescope of the duty of care and its extent is a question of law); andt the defendant failed to meetappropriate precautions (a question ot required standard or failed to take thect).For damage, a plaiff must prove three things: (此部分tutorial question 沒有涉及)1.t the loss,

4、 damage or injury they suffered is recognised by the law;2.t the loss, damage or injury was caused by the defendants negligence; and3.witht the loss, damage or injury is not too remote in law to be recoverable (he scope of liability)t is,Negligent missement: 如投資失敗，是否要對此類miss了某機構(gòu)之后投資，結(jié)果該機構(gòu)傳達了錯誤信息導(dǎo)致em

5、ent 負責(zé)，見PPT P24-P28Lecture 4chapter4 contract: formation 形成Bilateral and unilateral contracts(e.g. reward)Essential elements:Offer: 區(qū)別于inviion to treat 如display of goods/ernet store/a call for tenders 招標Auction 拍賣落錘后達成合同Offer 終止的情況:death/withdrawal or revocation/lapse of timeacceptance (agreement):

6、郵寄時即生效,ex 是收到時在收到地生效ention to creaegal relations：即沒有合同形成時需要判斷的情況。Commerl relationship 一般斷定為有ention 除了letters of comfort 和lottery;l,family, votary 一般斷定為沒有ention 除了幾個soConsiderationPromissory of equitable estoppel: 訂立合同后出言反悔的情況Lecture 5 chapter4 cont.Continue chapter 4 :chapter 5reionCapacity:1. Minor

7、s 未成年：買生活必需品有效力，買奢侈品無效力；獲益的教育指導(dǎo)有效力；租賃，等可撤銷；為保護未成年，misrepresenion 不負責(zé)。以上是common law，在新南州情況不同2. Corporate bodies 法人團體：已登記在Corporation ACT 的有效力，未登記無效3. 無意識不清醒的人：買生活必需品有效，其它無效4. Brupts: 可以有效但訂合同前需說明Privity of contract 合同相對性：一般來說只能簽合同的人提訟，保險合同除外Chapter 5reionion: 是否形成term 需要考慮幾點PPT P4 右下如果陳述的只Sement/repr

8、esen是個人意見則不形成term，如果意在形成合同而做出promise/sement 則形成termParol evidence rule:合同一般不承認口頭承諾Collateral 附屬contract: 四點需滿足 PPt P6Impd term: 未寫未說的 包含了在商業(yè)，雇傭，貿(mào)易慣例，非正式合同，act in good faith 方面Incorporation of terms：一般見于票背面和打勾條款Excluclause 免責(zé)條款：只能免責(zé)到被represented 的程度，需在訂立合同前給出并reasonable notice，是否覆蓋了breach 行為Lecture 6

9、chapter6 contracts ies affecting consent andagreement& chapter7 Contracts: Termination and Breachchapter 6 (misrepresenion 的內(nèi)容在 lecture5ppt 最后)ion: silence as misrepresenion 的幾種情況P10misrepresenlack of true consent:common mistake/mutual mistakeunilateral mistake: mistakes about identify 有無意識和有意識的冒充，可

10、撤銷，除非第接手了，face to face 交易是最難以撤銷的方式duress 強迫undue influence（有一方 strong,有支配優(yōu)勢）:presumed undue influence: certain relationship 如醫(yī)生proof 在支配方，神父教民。Burden ofactuadue influence: burden of proof 在contracts: 如Amadio 意大利夫妻被兒子unconscionablechapter 7 termination and breachtermination: by performance； by agreem

11、ent: 幾種類型P5；by frustration: 隨后發(fā)生的不可預(yù)見的挫敗。不同地方應(yīng)用不同法律illegal contract：幾種例子P7，對business/employment contract 中的限制條款的規(guī)定breach: 幾種類型P7 breach of condition(major term), breach of warranty(minor term)order and injunction: court 發(fā)出令（要做什么）和禁令（停止做什么）damages:可以追索的損失費用的類型 P8 ； 考慮remoteness； mitigation必要的降低損失的行為需

12、采取了limiion of actions:采取法律行為的時限r(nóng)estitution：歸還/賠償：按勞計酬，如你我未簽訂合同，但勞動你了獲得利益了，需要支付我勞動的；錯誤支付的錢lecture 7chapter8sale of goodsdefinition: 不含物物交換，商業(yè)租賃和勞動合同goods:動產(chǎn)。不含勞動，藝術(shù)，知識，不動產(chǎn)等consideration: not only money。Transfer of property：風(fēng)險的轉(zhuǎn)移，賣方對商品是否有ownership P4Remedies：對買方和對賣方Lecture 8 chapter 10&11 Australian C

13、onsumer Law部分 chapter 10 內(nèi)容在上一節(jié)的 PPT P6 之后Meaning of customersMerchantable quality/ fitness for pure:只用于正常人的需求不必適用于個人特殊需求Say sle下面的內(nèi)容在本節(jié) PPTGuarantee P1：goods/servis51-s59Consumer remediesMisleading and deceptive conduct s18Bait advertising P4Specific false represenion: s 29 (1) (a)(k)country of ori

14、gins29 (1) (L)(N)P8-P10 unsolicited sale 主動提供的, pyramid selling 傳銷, referral selling inertia selling 慣性銷售式銷售，Remedies: corrective publicity orders, infringement noti, injunctions, penalties, damagesLecture 9 chapter 15 agencyDefinitionAuthority of agent: expresual authority: written/ oral P2Impd actual authority: 可根據(jù)一個人在公司的職位推斷可以ratification 批準 retrospectively反言：法條：如果第人職位變動，委托方與第下 P3 右下有理由相信人力但實際沒有，或Estoppel簽訂合同之后不能反言，保護第P2 右但委托方is not liable 如果第本應(yīng)懷疑人并卻沒有Types, categories人rights and duties P4 下面人al liability: 一般沒有，除非了委托方的存在或名字信息 P5委托方duties P5關(guān)系的終止 P6Lecture10 chapter 20 prop