2022年中考英語(yǔ)完形填空解題方法（無(wú)習(xí)題答案）

1、完形填空解題方法一、完形填空(Cloze test)的理論基礎(chǔ)及試題說(shuō)明 “完形填空”題是一種旨在考察學(xué)生語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的典型題型，它結(jié)合了單項(xiàng)選擇和短文填空的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，既考察詞匯搭配、近義詞辨析、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)和習(xí)慣用法等，又考察了邏輯推理和事理推斷能力。中考完形填空共6小題，每小題2分。在一篇200250詞的短文中留出6個(gè)空白，要求考生從每題所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，使補(bǔ)足后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。二、命題特點(diǎn)及選材特點(diǎn)完形填空是一種要求高、綜合性強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言測(cè)試題，以閱讀為形式，以上下文為線索，以理解能力、詞匯知識(shí)、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、習(xí)慣用法以及分析判斷能力

2、為解題基礎(chǔ)，是一種較高層次的閱讀理解題。所選題材多樣，但都貼近學(xué)生的生活實(shí)際，具有趣味性、教育性、思想性；體裁多以記敘文為主，也有說(shuō)明文、議論文等。三、考點(diǎn)分析完形填空題要求填入的詞主要有：1）語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)所要求的功能詞，如連接詞：連接代詞、連接副詞、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。（語(yǔ)法型） 2）具有語(yǔ)法變化的詞，如動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣；名詞的數(shù)；代詞的格；形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)等。（語(yǔ)法型） 3）固定搭配短語(yǔ)和詞組中的特定詞。（習(xí)慣搭配型） 4）同義詞和近義詞等易混詞。（詞義型） 5）根據(jù)上下文的意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的確定詞。（文意型）6）根據(jù)生活常識(shí)及一般邏輯需要填入的詞。（生活常識(shí)型）五、知識(shí)梳理1.

3、 習(xí)慣搭配型：根據(jù)詞語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用法、固定短語(yǔ)、句型的搭配以及英語(yǔ)特有的習(xí)慣作出判斷的題目。Every day, we receive a lot of love from others. But how much love do we return? 46 the winter vacation，I made a survey with ten questions, 46. A. OnB. DuringC. At D In The boy never wanted to talk 38 why or how she got the scar. 38. A. with B. to C. about

4、 D on Do you have such kind of experience? In a bus you may _42_ a stranger, but not too long.42. A. look at B. look for C. look after D look into 2. 詞義型：根據(jù)同義詞或近義詞的用法區(qū)別而設(shè)置的題目，有時(shí)也借助上下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)考查形容詞、副詞、代詞和連詞的使用等。Nowadays green food is popular. We know we need green food and good health，_36_ not all peopl

5、e knew that years ago. 36. A. so B. but C. because D and On a cold winter afternoon, Susan was walking home from a supermarket. She was feeling a little 46 , as she was carrying her shopping bags. 46. A. sad B. tiredC. frightened D happy 3. 語(yǔ)法型：以考查語(yǔ)法為目的而設(shè)置的空白。解答這類題需要根據(jù)詞與詞、句與句之間的關(guān)系來(lái)判斷各種時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的運(yùn)用，動(dòng)詞及其短

6、語(yǔ)的搭配和用法等。一般地說(shuō)，考查的語(yǔ)法以實(shí)詞為主，兼顧虛詞和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。Just then, Susan understood 53 the saying “Giving is getting” really meant. 53. A. what B. whichC. why D how After 52(finishing) the interview, I started to ask myself how long it had been 53 the last time I met my parents or best friends. 53. A. whenB. until C. si

7、nce D in Here are some holiday tips _50_ will prevent you from getting weight. 50.A. that B. what C. who 4.文意型：答案的選擇較多地受到短文大意的影響， 必須在選擇答案之前通讀上下文，抓住其關(guān)鍵詞并透徹理解上下文之間的聯(lián)系，然后借助語(yǔ)境來(lái)選擇最佳答案。有的時(shí)候，這種題型還需要用相關(guān)的常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷。Living in another country can be very lonely. Last year I went to a middle school in America. I

8、had no friends there. I was 46 alone, and sometimes I felt like I was the only person in the world.46. A. always B. never C. seldom D recently As young students, you have many dreams. These dreams can be very 36 , such as becoming famous scientists, they can 37(also) be small, such as winning the fi

9、rst place in the race in class. 36. A. big B. smallC. nice D high There was nothing inside except a little money and an old 47 a picture of a woman and a girl about sixteen years old. 47. A. book B. table C. photo D notice 5. 生活常識(shí)型在日常生活中，餓了就要吃東西，渴了就要喝東西，累了就要休息，冷了添衣服，熱了脫衣服等是約定俗成的事，這類題只要根據(jù)一般的生活常識(shí)及邏輯就可

10、做出判斷。The old man looked at me. Then he looked at his 45 and replied, “Its 5:30”. 45. A. umbrella B. home C. watch D TV “When fish are hungry, they will bite(咬) 43 anything.” 43. A. never B. hardly C. almost D always 五、過(guò)關(guān)練習(xí)AA few weeks ago, French President Nicolas Sarkozy said he would clear over 30

11、0 gypsy(吉普賽) A) camps in France. He will send more than 700 gypsies back to their native countries in the next three months.Many French people and European countries disagree with Sarkozys move. They say it 80human rights. Gypsies should be free to stay in France. But Sarkozy has 81. Police have bee

12、n clearing gypsy camps.Gypsies came from India. They left their homeland sometime during the 11th century and entered Europe in the 14th century. Today there are 2-5million gypsies. Most of them are very poor, becausethey move around from country to country. It is 82for them to build homes or find j

13、obs. They travel everywhere and make a living as actors, fortune-tellers (占卜者), and by selling goods from faraway lands. Some gypsies83 make money by begging or stealing. It is indeed a “headache”. The French government thinks gypsies bring a lot of84to society. Thats why Sarkozy wants them out of F

14、rance.85Sarkozys move wont improve the situation in France for the long term. According to EU (歐盟) laws, the gypsies of EU member countries are free to go to another EU member country, like France. They can stay there for up to 3 months. So many of the gypsies will probably come back to France in th

15、e future.( )80. A) asks forB) goes againstC) comes fromD) depends on( )81. A) made his decision B) changed his mind C) done his bestD) taken their advice( )82. A) freeB) difficultC)easyD) possible( )83. A) againB) especiallyC) hardlyD) even( )84. A) rightsB) troubleC) technologyD) business( )85. A)

16、In additionB) HoweverC) Later onD) Instead BIf you know anything about violin music, chances are (很可能) you have heard the word “Stradivarius.” Stradivarius is the name for the worlds most famous violin. They are named after their 80_, Antonio Stradivari.Stradivari was born in northern Italy and live

17、d from 1644 to 1737. Cremona, the town he lived in, was a place where violins were made. Stradivari learned to play the violin as a little kid. He _81 to love the instrument so much that he began to make them himself.Violins were new instruments during Stradivaris time. People made them in different

18、 _82 and shapes （形狀） and of different types of wood. He took long walks 83 in the forest to find just the right tree. He is also said to have used a secret and special type of varnish （光漆） to put on the wood. Whatever the reasons, his violins are the best in the world.Stradivari put such care and lo

19、ve into his violin that they are still used today. Many, of course are in museums. But some wealthy musicians, who can 84 the thousands and thousands of dollars they cost, own Stradivarius violins.Stradivari passed his method on to his sons. But the 85 of making Stradivarius violins seemed to have d

20、ied out with the family. Their rarity (罕見(jiàn)), as well as their beautiful sound, make Stradivarius violins among the most prized instruments in the world.( ) 80. A) creatorB) conductorC) playerD) collector( ) 81. A) picked upB) grew upC) showed upD)put up( ) 82. A) soundsB)speedsC) sizesD) skills( ) 83

21、. A) alongB) broadC) aloneD) ahead( ) 84. A) prepareB) earnC) affordD)make( ) 85. A) giftsB) questionsC) wondersD) secrets 六、學(xué)法提煉 做題之前，必須先瀏覽全文，了解短文的大意，這是必不可少的一個(gè)步驟。通過(guò)短文所提供的信息，借助語(yǔ)感及相關(guān)知識(shí)的推斷，可以從整體上把握短文的輪廓。 完形填空題所給的是一篇意思完整的短文，所選的答案處在整段或整篇文章之中。切勿為了“省時(shí)”而邊看邊選，否則，欲速則不達(dá)，許多地方看不下去，選擇時(shí)或不解其意，或似懂非懂，舉棋不定，這樣不僅失誤率高，且

22、費(fèi)時(shí)不少。每篇短文總有一定的主題思想，段落之間必然能承上啟下，前呼后應(yīng)，句與句之間也一定緊密相連，形成一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。因此通讀全文時(shí)要一氣呵成，不要中斷思路，只要能了解短文的大意就可。某些細(xì)節(jié)不理解可以跳過(guò)，如果不影響答題，可以置之不理；如果與答案有關(guān)，可到第二步選擇時(shí)再琢磨解決。另外，在閱讀時(shí)要特別注意一篇文章的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾，因?yàn)樗鼈兺軌蛱峁┲饕男畔?，幫助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心議題。七、方法梳理中考英語(yǔ)完型填空要求學(xué)生應(yīng)具備在信息空缺的前提下理解整篇文章的能力,并能抓住文章的主旨進(jìn)行推理判斷、甄別篩選。因此,如何跟上作者的思路是關(guān)鍵所在。本次課主要針對(duì)完型填空的答題技巧進(jìn)行，旨

23、在有效地提高解答完型填空的能力。重語(yǔ)境完形填空著眼于整體理解，必須在對(duì)短文大意進(jìn)行了解的基礎(chǔ)上才能較準(zhǔn)確地推知答案。因此，需要注意上下句的邏輯關(guān)系以及整篇文章的情節(jié)，尤其是在需要填連接性詞語(yǔ)時(shí)更需要上下文提供的線索，把自己置身于情景當(dāng)中進(jìn)行填空，這樣才能比較順利且有把握地捕捉到正確信息。重實(shí)詞完形填空的命題是在一句話中的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)上做文章。這種詞語(yǔ)大多是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等實(shí)詞，當(dāng)然也不排除能左右文章內(nèi)容的一些虛詞，如介詞、連詞等。重首句首句通常不設(shè)選項(xiàng)。這是因?yàn)榈谝痪涫呛诵木?，是觀察全文的窗口，對(duì)熟悉語(yǔ)境、確定時(shí)態(tài)、推測(cè)文章大意等起著關(guān)鍵性的作用。如果設(shè)選項(xiàng)，就會(huì)加大難度，影響對(duì)文章信息

24、的捕捉，使做題者陷入茫然。 重快速領(lǐng)悟文章主旨的能力完形填空題的特點(diǎn)在于人為地設(shè)置了很多空格，使文章支離破碎、殘缺不全，這就造成了理解上的障礙。需要學(xué)生跳過(guò)空格，快速領(lǐng)悟文章主旨。只有這樣，才能保證思路連貫，在理解的過(guò)程中迅速抓住文章的中心意思。設(shè)空有一定的規(guī)律性。一般說(shuō)來(lái)大都是均衡分布，各空之間的距離大致相當(dāng)，通常是隔一定詞數(shù)，留出一個(gè)空格，不連續(xù)設(shè)空。關(guān)系過(guò)于密切時(shí)，只設(shè)一個(gè)選項(xiàng)。如果兩個(gè)相互依存，關(guān)系密切的單詞或短語(yǔ)都設(shè)為選項(xiàng)，就會(huì)形成錯(cuò)一個(gè)等于錯(cuò)兩個(gè)，對(duì)一個(gè)等于對(duì)兩個(gè)的現(xiàn)象。 重對(duì)文章的整體把握能力 對(duì)文章的整體把握就是指根據(jù)文章的主旨，通過(guò)上下文暗示，對(duì)整篇文章、整個(gè)段落或整個(gè)意群的

25、整體文意的把握。重考查排除干擾、完形詞義的能力 完形填空題中干擾項(xiàng)的干擾，一般與語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)無(wú)太大關(guān)系，重在文意干擾。因此，只要把握了文意和具體的語(yǔ)境，通過(guò)對(duì)詞義的辨析，一些錯(cuò)誤的干擾項(xiàng)就容易被排除。四種常用解題方法和步驟：巧用首句信息：利用首句把握文章的體裁；分析首句信息，預(yù)測(cè)下文內(nèi)容，給文章定基調(diào)?！癐 cant believe what Im hearing!” I thought to myself. Jeff was the last candidate (候選人)for president of Student Council. My best friend Tony came to

26、me and said. “Im sorry, Mike. I really thought you should be _36_.”Later that day, I happened to pass Jeff in the dining room. I offered him a _37_ “Congratulations” and walked to my usual table. To my surprise, Jeff put his plate beside mine.“Im, erIm just wondering if you would consider coming to

27、work on my team,” he said_38_. “You are really smart, and you would be a great manager.”36. A. heardB. chosenC. invitedD. followed37. A. politeB. loudC. warmD. cheerful38. A. proudlyB. quicklyC. nervouslyD. regretfully 2巧用上下文語(yǔ)境：1）注意上下文的信息提示；2）利用重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)。An eighth grader said, “Itll be like attending

28、a new school with Jeff as president.” Hearing these words made my heart filled with _46_. I had wanted to become president of Student Council to make a difference. I achieved that and more by working as a member of Jeffs team. He became the most popular candidate and I was large part of his _47_. Th

29、e fact that it has made a difference in other peoples lives is the real prize. What a great feeling!46. A. prideB. surpriseC. patienceD. hope47. A. luck B. spiritC. lifeD. success Among them, a weak boy with ugly teeth and thick glasses kept shaking. I had seen him around, and I knew he was always l

30、aughed at. He seemed _37_ of himself, and was so pale that it _38_ us to look at himIt took him nearly five minutes to sign and when I got my yearbook back, there was a very shaky RICKY. He hugged (緊抱) his yearbook and _43_. I couldnt help but smile back at him.37. A. unafraid B. unsure C. proud D.

31、tired38. A. worried B. surprised C. taught D. hurt 43. A. smiledB. waitedC. left D. rose My father died when I was a few months old I honor my aunt, who taught me the things my _46_ couldnt. So every June for the past 40 years, in growing thankfulness to my Aunt Marion, Ive sent her a Fathers Day ca

32、rd.46. A. teachers B. mother C. father D. friends 靈活掌握名詞、動(dòng)詞在句子中的應(yīng)用：結(jié)合語(yǔ)境及名詞、動(dòng)詞的詞義辨析選出最佳答案。對(duì)詞義的辨析主要集中在實(shí)詞，即名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞。設(shè)題通常以同義詞、反義詞或易混詞的形式出現(xiàn)；夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，牢記含有名詞、動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)或固定搭配。My mom told me that when I was born, I was the most beautiful baby in the world. Time passed, and I started to be a strong and happy girl.

33、 Then, one day when I was five years old, my life 36 a lot. I had a high fever. The doctor gave me the wrong medicine, and this caused me to 37 my speech. My mom couldnt believe that I could not speak. The doctor told her that the medicine brought me a lot of problems with my speech. He thought that

34、 I would 38 be able to speak well again or learn another language. My mom, however, was a 39 . She sent me to a lot of teachers. Finally, she found the 40 teacher, Nina, to help me to make my dream come true. She was a very nice person. She encouraged me and told me that I would speak again.36. A. proved B. changed C. improved D. increased3