英語工作說明書課件

1、Session 2How to write a right JD如何撰寫精確適用的職位說明書美世咨詢公司（Mercer Management Consulting）：世界上最大的人力資源管理咨詢機(jī)構(gòu)官方網(wǎng)站 . 美世的3P理論是Position,Performance,Person（不是Power）。2We Will Learn我們將要學(xué)習(xí)JDs definition and effects 職位描述的定義和作用JD preparation 職位說明書的準(zhǔn)備工作JDs write method 職位說明書的撰寫方法JD case and practice 職位說明書案例及練習(xí)3JD Is職位描

2、述是A exact instruction to each employees work assignment, contents and evaluation standard 對每個員工的工作任務(wù)和內(nèi)容及考核標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的準(zhǔn)確說明Individual work content, one of description in work scope 個人工作內(nèi)容，工作范圍的一個規(guī)定4JD Is職位描述是A Progress: JD is a process that identify organizations business strategy, and collocate effectively f

3、unction, responsibility and structureDescribe object: to achieve needs of organizations business strategys effective function, responsibly and structureJD is a process 職位描述是一個過程Analysis and differentiation 分析與識別Check and confirmation 檢驗與確認(rèn)Writing and update 撰寫與更新5A Responsibly Detail List: JD is a p

4、osition that relatively all of responsibility A Management Tool一個管理工具Exact JD status 準(zhǔn)確的描述職位現(xiàn)狀Position holder and supervisor agree-on 被任職者與主管共同接受To position provide exact information為職位評估提供準(zhǔn)確信息Indicate positions long-term objective, as a base in individual objective setting and performance review指出職

5、位的長遠(yuǎn)目標(biāo)，將作為個人目標(biāo)設(shè)定與業(yè)績考核的基礎(chǔ)To position competency needs and develop useful information 為職位能力需要與開發(fā)提供有用的信息To select right position holder provide requirements 為遴選適當(dāng)?shù)娜温氄咛峁┮?JD Is NOT職位描述不是To person describe 對人的描述To performance evaluation 對業(yè)績的評估7Why do we need JD?為什么要描述職位？Identify each positions role 明確每個

6、職位的角色I(xiàn)dentify each positions contribution for organization objectiveProvide exact list that position holds, reduce the gap among “expected role”, “understanding role” and “ accepted role”Position holders point of view任職者角度Managers print of view管理者角度8Typical JD典型的職位說明書內(nèi)容JDs purpose 職位的目的Position loca

7、tion in organization 職位在組織中的位置Position holders main reasonability 任職者的主要職責(zé)9Mercer added contents美世增加的內(nèi)容Position size 職位的規(guī)模Network of internal and external 內(nèi)部與外部交互的網(wǎng)絡(luò)Lowest requirements for recruiting a position 職位在招聘時的最低要求Performance measure standard 業(yè)績衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)10Positions Prepared Steps 職位描述的準(zhǔn)備步驟1 Ident

8、ify Positions Purpose明確職位描述目的2 Review Organization Structure審核組織結(jié)構(gòu)圖3 Function Analysis職能分析4 Position Analysis職位分析5 Employee Communication員工溝通11JDs Preparation (1)職位描述的準(zhǔn)備（1）JDs Purpose-When do we need JD?職位描述的目的 何時需要描述職位？Organization Change組織變革M&A 收購兼并（ Mergers and Acquisitions ）Split 拆分Organization

9、Restructure 組織結(jié)構(gòu)重組Function Restructure 職能重組Position Restructure 職位重組Periodical updates 周期性更新12JDs Preparation (2)職位描述的準(zhǔn)備（2）Review Organization Structure 審核組織結(jié)構(gòu)圖Organization structure expresses structure for responsibility allocation, corporation and correspond relationship 組織結(jié)構(gòu)圖是表達(dá)對工作責(zé)任的分配、合作及協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系的架

10、構(gòu)圖13Clearly express all of department or positions interrelation 清楚地表明了所有部門或職位之間的相互關(guān)系Organization structure is not unchanged, when a organizational structure or organizational responsibility is changing, organization structure will change accordingly 組織結(jié)構(gòu)圖并非一成不變，當(dāng)組織的構(gòu)成或組織內(nèi)的責(zé)任分配發(fā)生變化時，組織結(jié)構(gòu)圖會發(fā)生相應(yīng)的改變。14

11、JDs Preparation (3)職位描述的準(zhǔn)備（3）Job Analysis 職能分析Subject: Executive level 主體：高層管理者Organization coordinator: HR department/external consultants 組織協(xié)調(diào)者：人力資源部/外部顧問Results: list all of function and responsibility area to ensure no miss結(jié)果：列出所有的職能與職責(zé)區(qū)域，以保證沒有遺漏Select typical position (optional) 選擇典型職位（可選方法）15J

12、D職位說明書Expected role公司的要求Perceived role個人的理解Accepted role雙方同意Distribute responsibility分配工作職責(zé)Assignment Clarification任務(wù)澄清Communication溝通Commission承諾，答應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)Position Requirement Recruitment Profile Basic tool of HR Management 職位的要求 招聘要求人力資源基本工具16JDs Preparation (5)職位描述的準(zhǔn)備（5）Employee communication 員工溝通Back

13、-to-back 背對背Face-to-face 面對面Expected role公司的要求Perceived role個人的理解Accepted role雙方同意Distribute responsibility分配工作職責(zé)Assignment Clarification任務(wù)澄清Communication溝通Commission承諾，答應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)17Write JD職位描述的撰寫According to JD format, fill relative information and content for the position mapping, and then get JD 按職位說明書

14、的格式，將職位相關(guān)信息以及職位匹配的內(nèi)容置入形成職位說明書Position holder draft firstly, and then discuss with supervisor 由任職者撰寫初稿，再與主管討論181. Identity 基本信息 IDENTITY基本信息 Date 日期Organization 組織名稱 Department 部門Position Title 職位名稱 Incumbent Name 任職者姓名 Approval簽名Supervisor 主管職位名稱 Supervisors Name 主管姓名 Approval簽名192.Purpose 職位存在的目的PU

15、RPOSE (Why the position exists, within what limits and with what objectives) 目的：（職位存在的理由，限制條件和目標(biāo)）20The Purpose defines the main role of the Position, and it answers 3 questions:職位存在的目的描述了職位的主要角色，它要回答這樣三個問題：Why does this Position exists? 這個職位為什么存在？Within what limits does it operate? 這個職位在什么限制之下工作？Wit

16、h what long-term objectives? 它的長遠(yuǎn)目標(biāo)是什么？The purpose is for “Why”, not for “How” or “What ” 職位目的只描述“為什么”，而不是“如何”、“什么” Could be written in the beginning, or be generated after finishing all other parts.可在開始時撰寫，也可在職責(zé)描述完成后總結(jié) 21Purpose職位目的撰寫With What Objectives ， Within Which Limits ，Why Does The Position

17、 Exist 為“什么目標(biāo)”，在“什么限制條件下”，“做”O(jiān)bjectives 目的Limits 限制條件 Results 結(jié)果 Market Share 市場份額 Profit 利潤 Sales 銷售 Quantity 數(shù)量 Quality 素質(zhì) Service 服務(wù) Policy 政策 Principles 原理 Guidelines 準(zhǔn)則 Supervision 日常監(jiān)督Organize 組織Instruct 指導(dǎo)Recommend 推薦Plan 計劃Operate 操作活動To do what 做什么? 22Example of Purpose職位目的舉例IT Services Sup

18、ervisor 信息系統(tǒng)主管 ：To advise and manage IT and communication services in all operations of the company within business goals and policies, with the objective of increasing working efficiency and productivity through technology.為了通過科技手段提高工作效率與生產(chǎn)力, 在公司經(jīng)營目的及政策限制下,向公司各部門提供有關(guān)電腦管理及信息溝通服務(wù)的建議。23Accounting Supe

19、rvisor 會計主管 :To organize, coach and control the account service in XYZ company with accounting principle and methodology, with the objective of ensuring the delivery of accounting reports.為了按時按質(zhì)地遞交會計報表，在通用的會計法則和方法限制下，組織、指導(dǎo)、控制XYZ公司會計工作的開展。 24Examples of the Position Framework “Within”用詞參考（目標(biāo)與限制）“With

20、 What Objectives”目標(biāo)Market 市場份額Performance 業(yè)績Profitability 利潤Efficiency 效率Productivity 生產(chǎn)率Quality 質(zhì)量Service 服務(wù)Deadlines 期限Safety 安全Continuity 持續(xù)性“Within Which Limits”限制Laws 法律Values 價值觀Principles 原則Policies 政策Strategies 策略Guidelines 方針Patterns 模型Methods 方法Techniques 技術(shù)Systems 體系Practices 作法Customs 習(xí)慣

21、Procedures 程序Conditions 條件Models 模式Rules 規(guī)定Routines 常規(guī)Instructions 指示Regulations 規(guī)則Criteria 準(zhǔn)則25Thinking and Action Verbs用詞參考（做什么） Search 調(diào)查 Evaluate 評估 Develop 改善 Propose 提議 Advice 建議 Thinking 思考 Decision 決策 Action 行動Initiate 發(fā)起Participate 參與Contribute 貢獻(xiàn)Recommend 推薦Plan 計劃Decide 決策Organize 組織Imple

22、ment 實施Direct / manage 指導(dǎo)/管理Execute / realize 執(zhí)行/實行Control 控制Supervise 監(jiān)督Revise 修改Adapt 應(yīng)用264. Operating Network 工作聯(lián)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)The Operating Network shows the contacts and interaction the position has with other parties inside (internal) and outside (external) the organization, and which party impacts whom.

23、工作聯(lián)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)顯示這個職位與組織內(nèi)、外部聯(lián)絡(luò)的對象，以及相互影響的關(guān)系Not include daily communication. 不包括日常交流Not only the procedures before and after work flow. 不僅僅指流程前、后道工序EXTERNAL 外部EXTERNAL 外部INTERNAL 內(nèi)部27Definition of Operating Network工作聯(lián)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)定義Supervisor直接上級Subsidiary直接下屬Other Departments （集團(tuán)）其他部門 Influence: Direction, policy, dec

24、ision影響方式：指導(dǎo)、方針、決策等Influence: Instruction, regulation, laws, market, etc.影響方式：指導(dǎo)、規(guī)則、法律、市場等 Influence: Instruction, order, market, etc.影響方式：指導(dǎo)、指令（命令）、市場等EXTERNAL外部EXTERNAL外部Other Departments （集團(tuán)）其他部門 Other Positions本公司（部門）其他職位Other Positions本公司（部門）其他職位28Example of Operating Network工作聯(lián)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)舉例人力資源總監(jiān)HRDGe

25、neral Manager總經(jīng)理Government 政府機(jī)關(guān)HR Association人力資源協(xié)會HR Consultant人力資源顧問HR Consultant 人力資源顧問External Service 外部服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)Applicator 應(yīng)聘者Subsidiary直接下屬 HR VP集團(tuán)人力資源副總裁EXTERNAL外部EXTERNAL外部HR Manager子公司人力資源經(jīng)理 Finance Director財務(wù)總監(jiān)Sales Director銷售總監(jiān)295. Minimum Requirements 最低任職要求This section specifies the minimum

26、 qualifications and skills that a candidate needs to be recruited in this position. Depending on the recruitment policy, these requirements could be for full operational level or lower if training and guidance are provided.招聘本職位任職者的最低要求，但如果公司提供相應(yīng)的培訓(xùn)與指導(dǎo)，也可根據(jù)招聘政策相應(yīng)降低MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS 最低要求Education

27、/Experiences 教育/經(jīng)驗Education: Background, professional skills, special education, training, etc.教育：學(xué)歷，專業(yè)技術(shù)，特殊教育，培訓(xùn)等；（衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：證書，學(xué)位等）Experiences: Local, multinational, Special talent, General talent, how many years?經(jīng)驗：本地，跨國，專才，通才，幾年？Special transferable background should be notified.特殊可轉(zhuǎn)化的背景應(yīng)被注明Specific

28、Knowledge & Skills 特別知識/技能Specific knowledge and skills, not included in the education / experiences, are required for the position.指教育/經(jīng)驗未能含蓋的特別知識與技能Language, Computer skills, special Technical skills , Communication skills, etc.如語言，計算機(jī)，特殊技術(shù)，溝通等30Example of Minimum Requirements最低任職要求舉例MINIMUM REQUI

29、REMENTS 最低要求Education /Experience 教育/經(jīng)驗Bachelor Degree covering HR and Business Management人力資源或工商管理專業(yè)本科學(xué)歷Extensive HR Management experience in multi-cultural environment跨國公司人力資源管理的豐富經(jīng)驗Specific Knowledge & Skills 特別知識/技能Language: Fluent English語言：流利英語Computer: Familiarity with Personnel management in

30、formation systems計算機(jī)：熟悉人事管理信息系統(tǒng)Others: Good communication and inter-personal skills其他技能：優(yōu)秀的溝通與人際技能316. Responsibilities 主要職責(zé)correspond to a permanent objective and indicate precisely the expected results主要的職責(zé)和期望的貢獻(xiàn)pay attention to long-term and continuous responsibilities, without reference to a tim

31、e frame關(guān)注長期、持續(xù)的職責(zé)，盡量少地考慮時間性express “what” (responsibility) in stead of “how” (task);描述“做什么”，而不是“如何做”Headings 標(biāo)題Ranking 序號Objective + Definition 目的定義12MEASUREMENT CRITERIA 衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Quantitative 數(shù)量Qualitative 質(zhì)量RESPONSIBILITY 主要職責(zé)32Example of writing responsibilities (1)主要職責(zé)寫法舉例（1）Heading 標(biāo)題Objective 目的Fin

32、al result 結(jié)果Verbs of reflection / action動詞（思考性、行為性）Activity 活動Marketing 市場營銷in order to 為了Expansion and profitability市場擴(kuò)張與利潤率 Assess, recommend, plan, organize評估，建議，計劃，組織Marketing activities市場營銷活動Marketing 市場營銷Assess market conditions and trends, recommend, plan and organize marketing activities in

33、order to ensure companys expansion and profitability.為了確保公司的市場擴(kuò)張和利潤率目標(biāo)的實現(xiàn)，評估市場情況與趨勢，建議、計劃與組織市場營銷活動。33Example of writing responsibilities (2)主要職責(zé)寫法舉例（2）Cash-flow Management 現(xiàn)金流管理in order to 為了Liquidity, investment return流動率，投資回報Forecast, control, invest預(yù)測，控制，投資Cash-flow 現(xiàn)金流Cash flow management 現(xiàn)金流管理F

34、orecast short-term and long-term capital demand, control debts, credits and excessive investment in order to maintain sufficient liquidity and maximize return on investment.為了維持足夠的流動現(xiàn)金與最大的投資回報，預(yù)測短期與長期的資金需求，控制債務(wù)、債權(quán)以及過度投資。Heading 標(biāo)題Objective 目的Final results 結(jié)果 Verbs of reflection / action動詞（思考性、行為性）Ac

35、tivity 活動34Example of writing responsibilities (3)主要職責(zé)寫法舉例（3）Training 培訓(xùn)in order to 為了Application of knowledge and skills知識與技能的應(yīng)用Identify, advise, plan, organize, coordinate, follow-up識別，建議，計劃，組織，協(xié)調(diào)，跟蹤Training 培訓(xùn)課程Training 培訓(xùn)Identify training needs, advise, plan, organize, coordinate and follow-up t

36、raining programs in order to increase employees skills and performance.為了提高員工的知識技能與業(yè)績表現(xiàn)，識別培訓(xùn)需求，建議、計劃、組織、協(xié)調(diào)以及跟蹤培訓(xùn)課程的開展。Heading 標(biāo)題Objective 目的Final results 結(jié)果 Verbs of reflection / action動詞（思考性、行為性）Activity 活動35Glossary of Action Verbs動詞指南Administer 管理Advise 建議Analyze 分析Assign 指派Approve 批準(zhǔn)Appraise 評價A

37、ssist 協(xié)助Accredit 授權(quán)Suggest 提議Provide 提供Support 支持Plan 計劃Control 控制Coordinate 統(tǒng)籌Decide 決策Develop 發(fā)展Direct 指導(dǎo)Drive 推動Ensure 保證Establish 建立Execute 實施Forecast 預(yù)測Evaluate 評估Maintain 維護(hù)Organize 組織Motivate 激勵Negotiate 談判Involve 參與Fulfill 履行Audit 審核Facilitate 督導(dǎo)Collect 收集Identify 識別Enhance 提高Report 匯報Gather

38、 募集Demur 提出異議Revise 修改Select 遴選Appoint 指定set down 制定Study 研究Communicate 傳達(dá)Interpret 傳遞Coach 教導(dǎo)Confirm 確認(rèn)Present 演示Verify 檢驗367. Measurement Criteria 衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“How you can prove you make a great achievement in this responsibility area?”“你如何證明你在這個職責(zé)領(lǐng)域取得了好成績？”Sales volume, market share, client satisfaction,

39、 employee satisfaction, traning feedback銷售額，市場份額，客戶滿意，員工滿意，培訓(xùn)反饋 The fewer the criteria, the clearer the picture 衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)越少越明確Quantity + Quality數(shù)量質(zhì)量Finance + Technology + Evaluation 財務(wù)技術(shù)評價The seemingly straightforward responsibility can be measured by criteria depending on the business strategy and corpo

40、rate culture of the company.一個職責(zé)可以被多種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)衡量，最終由組織文化和企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略決定取舍“sales” “銷售” ：sales volume 銷售額 sales growth 銷售增長number of clients 客戶數(shù) number of new clients 新增客戶數(shù)market shares 市場份額Measurement criteria, per se, do not indicate an incumbents performance. Rather, they are indicators or yardsticks by which to

41、measure results.衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并非業(yè)績目標(biāo)，但是可以在目標(biāo)設(shè)定的過程中被設(shè)定為業(yè)績目標(biāo). 37Examples of Measurement Criteria衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)舉例Objectivity 客觀 Subjectivity 主觀 Figures 數(shù)據(jù) Contract Value 合同金額 Operating Cost 運營成本 Sales turnover 銷售額 Production output 產(chǎn)量 Ratios 比率 Absenteeism 缺勤率 Market Share 市場份額 Margin per capital每單位毛利 Staff turnover 員工流失率

42、 Scale of Values 價值衡量 Service Efficiency 服務(wù)的效度 Service Quality 服務(wù)質(zhì)量 General Description 一般描述 Satisfaction/dissatisfaction from clients, supervisor or users客戶、主管、用戶的滿意/不滿意表示Supervisors Comments, Clients feedback主管的意見，用戶的反饋38Examples of Measurement Criteria衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)舉例（續(xù)）Cost 成本Unit cost 單位成本Standard cost 標(biāo)

43、準(zhǔn)成本General expenses 一般費用Payroll 工資Expenses 費用Cost / investment 成本/投資Actual versus budget 實際發(fā)生額與預(yù)算比Time 時間Deadlines 期限日Production time 生產(chǎn)周期Processing time 處理周期Speed 速度Units per man-hour 單位/每人工時Quantity 數(shù)量Gross margin / net margin 毛利/凈利Investment yields 投資產(chǎn)量Production per capita 平均生產(chǎn)率Market share 市場份額

44、Quality 質(zhì)量Clarity of objectives 目標(biāo)的明確性Quality of communication 溝通質(zhì)量Service reliability 服務(wù)可靠度Customer satisfaction 客戶滿意Human 人的反映Complaints 投訴Feedback 反饋Staff turnover 人員流動率Morale / climate 士氣/文化39Job Description Case Finance Director職位說明書案例財務(wù)總監(jiān)Department部門Finance Department財務(wù)部Date日期Position Name職位名稱

45、Finance Director財務(wù)總監(jiān)Position Holder任職者Xia夏XXPosition Holder Confirmation任職者確認(rèn)Supervisor Position Name主管職位名稱Supervisor Name主管姓名Zhu朱XXSupervisor Confirmation主管確認(rèn)Objective (reason for the position, constraint and goal)目的（職位存在的理由，限制條件和目標(biāo)）In order to ensure corporate accounting management guideline and e

46、fficiency, establish corporate accounting policy and operating process under corporate management guideline and national accounting system regulation; ensure corporate accounting system efficiency, sufficient corporate operation funding supply, and minimum interest and tax expend; and ensure most op

47、timized corporate financial/capital structure and finance security為了確保公司財務(wù)管理的規(guī)范和效率，在公司管理規(guī)范和國家財務(wù)會計制度的規(guī)定下，制定公司財務(wù)政策及操作方法，確保公司財務(wù)體系的高效運作，公司經(jīng)營的充足資金供應(yīng)，及最小的利息和稅務(wù)支出確保公司最優(yōu)的財務(wù)/資本結(jié)構(gòu)及財務(wù)安全 Basic Information 基本信息40Job Description Case (Continued)職位說明書案例（續(xù)）All Sales Departments, All Function Departments各營銷部門/各職能部門F

48、inance Director財務(wù)總監(jiān)External外 部External外 部Senior Operation VP高級營運副總裁All Departments in Subsidiary Companies各子公司財務(wù)部門All Positions in Finance Department財務(wù)部所有職位Corporate Finance Department, Corporate Audit Department集團(tuán)財務(wù)部門/集團(tuán)審計部 Tax bureau 稅務(wù)部門 Finance bureau 財務(wù)部門 Audit bureau (independent audit, corpor

49、ate audit, specific area audit) 審計部門（獨立審計、集團(tuán)審計、專項審計等） Shanghai Stock Exchange 上交所 Customers (checking bills) 客戶（對帳等） Banks 銀行 Suppliers 供應(yīng)商 Banks 銀行 Corporate President, Other VP公司總裁，公司其他副總裁41Job Description Case (Continued)職位說明書案例（續(xù)）Minimum Position Requirement 最低任職要求Education Level/Experience 教育程度

50、/經(jīng)驗Minimum bachelor degree, minimum 6 years professional experience, minimum 3 years professional management experience大學(xué)本科以上學(xué)歷、專業(yè)工作經(jīng)驗6年以上、專業(yè)管理經(jīng)驗3年以上Specific Knowledge and Skills 特別知識和技能Understand financial information system management 了解財務(wù)信息系統(tǒng)的管理Understand national accounting, tax, and finance pol

51、icy and regulation 了解國家財務(wù)、稅務(wù)和金融相關(guān)的政策法規(guī)Accounting modelling and accounting analysis capability 財務(wù)模型和財務(wù)分析能力Risk management consciousness and experience 風(fēng)險管理意識和經(jīng)驗42Job Description Case (Continued)職位說明書案例（續(xù)）Responsibility 職責(zé)范圍Measurement 衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Establish corporate annual budget 起草制定公司年度預(yù)算Lead overall corporate annual operation/budget