2016翻碩考研 輕松搞定翻譯碩士英語作文

1、2016翻碩考研 輕松搞定翻譯碩士英語作文輕松搞定翻譯碩士，英語作文，就是這么任性這個時候還沒啟動英語寫作的同學這個帖子就是救命的，含金量非常之高，背背寫寫(一)全球化的缺點： 經濟上，發(fā)展中國家的勞動力被剝削，資源被取用，而產品卻不能夠進人發(fā)達國家，國內產業(yè)受到外商和外企的沖擊;社會上，外國的產品流人一個國家，會改變人們的生活習慣和購買習慣;年輕人比較喜歡外同產品，比如說食品、衣服、電子產品和娛樂方式; 文化上，本土文化會被削弱，本土語言會受到威脅，文化多樣性會逐步損失; 環(huán)境上，工業(yè)化生產和交通量的加大會增加溫室氣體的排放;游人的增多會對自然環(huán)境構成威脅。Topic 1: Increasi

2、ng travelsbetween countries enable people to learn different cultures or to increasetension between people from different countries?外來人口的增加有利于文化的交流： 游客或者移民都具備經濟利益和價值(commercial interest and economic value); 而外同人的停留時間是和東道國的合作密切相關的(The length of stay depends on the cooperation of the host society.);很多

3、當地人因此表現得非常好客和友好，這有助于文化的交流(Manylocal people are very friendly and hospitable, which promote the culturalcommunications.); 對其他的文化和人民更為了解(a better understanding of other cultures and other peoples),改變人們對其他民族和文化的態(tài)度(alter ones attitudestowards another people or culture);人們因此可以接受不同的文化和價值觀(embrace differen

4、t values and cultures),可以和平共處(create motivation to coexistpeacefully), 并促進對多元文化的理解 (promote multi-culturalunderstanding); 促進文化的融合(promote integration),消除文化障礙(remove cultural barriers), 外來人口的增加導致沖突： 違反當地的習俗會激怒當地人(breach of local customs can irritate the locals); 不同文化的人看待同一事物總有不同的角度(harbour different

5、perceptions),并給予不同的解釋(different interpretations)，比如對手勢、衣服、言行舉止有不同的理解;舉止不當會引起當地人意想不到的反應(provoke unanticipated responses); 外國游客增多會對當地環(huán)境造成壓力，甚至破壞環(huán)境，而移民增多可能導致工作機會減少，致使競爭更加激烈，這些都有可能引起當地人的反感(cause resentment in local communities).范文Globalization is a catch-all term thatrefers to any activity that involves

6、 more than one country, for example, travelfrom one country to another. The dramatic increase in transnational travel inrecent years has sparked controversy over the potential impacts of this trendon individual countriesf especially those new member states of globalization.Some people are concerned

7、that the upsurge in new arrivals will prompt localhostility against visitors instead of promoting their understanding on mutualcultural background. This notion should be rejected as one can see many factsin favor of this development between countries.The first reason why international travelswould n

8、ever bring conflict is rooted in the fact that both visitors and localsare economically motivated. International travel opens up opportunities forbusiness development throughout the world. Entrepreneurs are interested notonly in the domestic market but also in the oversea market. Foreigners shouldle

9、arn the culture of a country before winning over the local people. In turn,locals should show their hospitality to visitors in exchange for their trust.They share a view that acceptance of each others cultural background is unecessary condition for cooperation.Understanding a culture has otherimplic

10、ations. Differences in social background, cultural values and religiousbelief might make the discrepancy of foreigners and local inhabitants on someissues indelible; however, the higher interaction, the higher level ofcommunication and understanding. Arabians, for example, used to considerwesterners

11、 as their foes. Now they have concrete relations with their westernallies in many fields. In the initial stage, their divergence seemed inherentbut over time, with better mutual understanding, they take the same position onmany issues.Undeniably, it is likely that in someresorts, foreign visitors re

12、pel the local community with their scant regard forthe local environment and conventions when they first arrive. However, itshould be noted that most offense is accidental, rather than intentional.Instead, visitors disobey rules and conventions simply because they have noknowledge of them. This situ

13、ation is expected to be improved with the passingof time when visitors from different countries increase their knowledge of alocal culture.According to the above analysis, we canobserve that the increase in the international travel should not be taken asthe cause of any conflict that arises between

14、two countries. Alternatively, oneshould recognize its role in improving mutual understanding between twocountries.近義詞表1. catch-all = all-embracing:包羅甚廣的 ;包括一切的 2. hostility=enmity=resentment:敵意,怨恨,憤恨3. rooted in=derived from=based on:基于 4.entrepreneur=tycoon=mogul=industrialist:企業(yè)家，實業(yè)家5. discrepancy

15、=disagreement=difference=divergence:分歧，矛盾6. foe=enemy=rival:敵人，竟爭對手 7. concrete=tangible=solid:具體的，實際的8. overtime=in due course=sooner or later:最終，早9. resort:勝地;tourist resort:旅游勝地;holiday resort：度假勝地;beach resort:海邊度假勝地; scenic spot:景觀;place of interest: 旅游景點10. repel=revolt=repulse:使厭惡，憎惡 11. scan

16、t=limited=scarce:缺乏的，不足的Topic2: When internationalmedia (including movies, fashion shows, advertisements and other TV programs)convey the same messages to the global audience, people argue that theexpansion of international media has negative impacts on cultural diversity.What is your opinion?媒體信息一致

17、的缺點： 國際媒體(global media)般掌握在少數幾個有實力的機構手中(in the hands of a few, large, powerful organizations);有了媒體的宣傳(propaganda)后,西方文化成了主流(domineering force),大規(guī)模的、有吸引力的廣告(mass seductive advertising )喚起了落后地區(qū)人們對物質新的向往(create fresh desires),經濟聯系增強(strong economic ties),西方產品取代了本地產 品，使人們更加向往西方的文化; 文化開始融合在一起(mingle),人們被

18、新的價值觀所圍繞(bombarded with new values)，對自己的文化失去信心和自豪感(confidence and pride),拒絕接受自己的文化傳統(tǒng)(rejection of theircultural heritage)轉而接受西方的文化習慣(adoption of Western cultural practices);西方 媒體削弱了民族的特征(ethnic identity)和社會的凝聚力(social cohesion);因為擔心失去觀眾 (a loss of viewers),當地的電視臺也開始播放西方的電視節(jié)目(television shows), 國際媒體的

19、普遍會降低世界文化的品質和多樣性(degrade the quality and diversity of world culture);文化被商業(yè)化(commercialized), 些文化產品(cultural goods),如音樂、服裝，都 變成了商品(commodities in the marketplace)。因此，即便一些文化在世界其他地方傳播，它原來的性質(authenticity)已經喪失。媒體信息一致的優(yōu)點： 國家之間的頻繁交往會促進文化之間的交流。因此，相互了解和相互認同的可能性 (likelihood of mutual understanding and mutual

20、 acceptance )就會增加，這是順應全球化的趨勢; 未必一定放棄傳統(tǒng)觀念(not necessarily lead to the abolition of traditional values),事實上媒體 可以起到宣傳和穩(wěn)固傳統(tǒng)文化的作用; 主流媒體一般都會反應文化多元性(The dominant media reflect cultural diversity.); 些外國 節(jié)目其實促進了文化多元性(Most foreign programming is promoting cultural diversity.),適應 了當地的條件(adapt to local conditio

21、ns)，注意到了當地文化的敏感性(aware of cultural sensitivity).自我調節(jié)來適應市場(exercise self-censorship to suit the market :)。范文As international media companies expandacross the world, the growing popularity and uniformity of some media programs(such as TV shows, movies, fashion shows) is causing worldwide concern. Many

22、people have strong views toward this trend. In my opinion, international mediais closely linked to cultural globalization and cultural homogeneity.The dominance of international media is asign of Western cultural imperialism and has the potential to thwart culturaldiversity. It is not a secret that

23、international media is owned and operated bya handful of giant corporations, such as Time Warner. They control largesectors of the media market and place national media companies at risk. Thecontraction in the number of media owners will cause a proportional reduction,in the variety of programs broa

24、dcasted. For example, painting, music and moviesaccessible in the media have a small number of genres, imposing restraints onones knowledge of artworks of different cultural backgrounds.In addition to seizing control over thosecreative industries, global entertainment companies affect cultural diver

25、sityby reshaping the perceptions, beliefs and norms of ordinary citizens indifferent countries. Most of the cultural values and ideals promoted by theleading mainstream media are of American origin. American culture valuesindividuality, maximization of ones benefits and material wealth, rather thanc

26、ommunal life and family solidarity, the values and norms previously treasuredin many Asian countries. Unfortunately, many Asian people now imitateAmerican people, causing the alteration of their perceptions of family. Thisradical change can be attributed to those movies and TV programs that portrayt

27、he success of American individuals or corporations.The loss of media diversity is alsoresponsible for peoples narrow sense of ways of life. The ruling class of manycountries speaks English, favors Western food, wears Western-style jackets andeven prefers Western weddings. Young people are captivated

28、 by Americanbasketball and some even daubing the names of NBA stars on their schoolsweatsuits. All these transformations in life are the result of the audiencesexposure to Hollywood movies, TV shows andsports reports. The loss of media diversity will lead to degradation of cultureand to a minimizati

29、on of cultural diversity. It is a worrying trend, as peopleneed cultural diversity to preserve and pass on their valuable heritage tofuture generations, including lifestyle.As shown above, international media,controlled by a handful of transnational media corporations, is exportingWestern culture wo

30、rldwide and putting many indigenous cultures at the risk ofextinction. The uniformity of media programs has led to that of artworks, normsand ways of life wherever international media goes.近義詞表1. dominance=domination=power:統(tǒng)治，力量 2. sign=symbol=mark=signal=indication：標志，象征3. thwart=prevent=spoil=ruin

31、:阻止，破壞4. a handful of=a small number of:少數的 5.contraction-reduction ：減少6. proportional=relative：相對的，成比例的 7. perception=view=opinion:看法8. ideal=value=belief=principle:觀點，觀念;標準 9. solidarity=unity=harmony=cohesion:團結10. be captivated by=be obsessed with=bepassionate about=be addicted to=be keen on=be

32、enthusiastic about:被所吸引11. pass on=give=impart=convey:傳遞，灌輸Topic 3: There is adisagreement on the impact of increased business and culture contact betweencountries on a countrys identity. What is your opinion?商業(yè)和文化的接觸增多會導致一個國家特征的喪失： 影響文化：文化不是靜態(tài)的，而是動態(tài)的(not static, but dynamic);種文化的改變主要是由于社會環(huán)境(social

33、environment)發(fā)生了變化。比如說，人們的飲食習慣發(fā)生了改變，這是學習 夕卜界文化的結果(Peoples eating habits have been changed as the result of learnedbehaviour.); 快餐文化源自美國，有些人將此作為財富的象征(symbols of wealth),從而喜歡快餐;另外， 本地的飲食文化會改變，以適應外國人的口味(suit the tastesof visitors); 影響生活方式：進口商品的增多，對外國產品的喜好(preference for imports);人們更加熟悉他國的文化，而忘記自身的特點(sen

34、se of identity)，社會的團結也有所損害(an erosion of socialsolidarity);服裝、飲食、娛樂等等都被兩化了 (westernized),比如說，西裝現在是流行 的男性服裝(the suit is the most popular outfit for men); 欠發(fā)達國家在技術革新中起到的作用甚微(play a small role in the technological revolution),所 以需要出賣自己國家的主權或者利益來獲得國際的幫助(concedesovereignty and interests to other countrie

35、s for aid);貧富差距加大(widening gap between therichest and poorest parts of the world); 接受西方文化的人們成為一個國家新的統(tǒng)治階級(new ruling class);人們摒棄傳統(tǒng)的觀念 (renounce traditionally-held beliefs),覺得傳統(tǒng)觀念是過時的和低人一等的(outdated andinferior);主流文化會取代老式的和各種各樣的文化(A dominant culture takes over diverse cultures.),人們不再尊重傳統(tǒng)文化(lose respec

36、t oldercultures),而傳統(tǒng)觀念最終成為歷史consigned to history)。商業(yè)和文化的接觸增多會加強一個國家的特征： 外來文化讓人們意識到自己文化的特點，從而更加注意維持這種文化; 一種特殊文化會引起世界的關注，人們會更加注意保護。范文One of the most conspicuous trends in the21st century is a closer connection between countries, in both economic andcultural aspects. There is a widespread worry that th

37、is will lead to thegradual demise of countries identities. This issue should be viewed and analyzedfrom multiple perspectives.When a country tends to develop a closerrelationship with the rest of the world, it does not necessarily give up itsculture. Culture is not a disgrace to but an asset of a co

38、untry. An indigenousculture can distinguish one country from others, attracting foreign visitorsand yielding high income. As most tourists travel abroad for learning differentcultures and sampling different ways of life, such as Beijingopera inChina,Japanese tea culture and Thai temples, many countr

39、ies have responded withprotecting and preserving their cultural identities, in an effort to keepthemselves in the list of the most popular destinations. Increased tourism instillsfresh life force into these countries, aiding the conservation of theirfeatures.While tourism provides a driving force fo

40、rcultural conversation, some components of a culture, such as traditionscustoms or taboos might die out over time. It seems that in some countries, thelocals have become more accustomed to exotic cultures. It reflects the combinedeffects of the invasion of foreign cultures, either through media or t

41、hroughdirect business interaction. For example, two decades ago, sex was a taboosubject inChinaand most Chinese people felt embarrassed to talk openly about it. Over time theWestern culture has permeated into the Chinese lifestyle, and the Chinesepeople have broken many of their time-honoured tradit

42、ions. It occurs in therest of the world as well.As outlined above, increased interactionbetween countries in the domains of business and culture can either strengthenor undermine the identities of countries involved, To date there is no definiteanswer to this question.近義詞表1. conspicuous-noticeable=p

43、rominent=striking:顯箸的，突出的2. connection=linkage= relation=relationship:關系，聯系 3. demise=disappearance=vanishing=fading:消失，死亡4. multiple=manifold=numerous=various=many:不同的，很多的 5. disgrace=dishonour=shame=humiliation:恥辱6. life force=soul=essence：生命力 7.conservation=protection=preservation:保存，保護8. exotic=

44、bizarre=outlandish=fromafar=mysteriously unusual: 外來的，奇異的9. taboo=offensive=embarrassing=unacceptable=disgraceful=dishonourable=humiliating:無禮的，侮辱性的;忌諱的10. permeate=seep into=pervade=leak into:滲透 11.time-honoured=age-old=long-established ：歷史悠久的12.interaction=interplay=communication=relationship:相互作用

45、Topic 4: Some people believethat culture will be ruined if it is used to earn tourism revenue, but othersconsider that tourism is the only way of protecting a culture. Discuss both sidesand give your own opinion.旅游業(yè)有益文化保護(culturalpreservation)的論點： 除了自然景觀(landscape)之外，文化和歷史是吸引旅游者去一個國家或者一個旅游景點 (touris

46、m site)觀光的最主要原因(motivator);旅游業(yè)和文化遺產相結合(integrate tourism and cultural heritage)為文化保護提供了經濟支持(economic incentives); 在文化領域提供一些旅游選擇(introduce the tourism options available with the cultural sectors)， 如博物館、歷史景點、活動禾卩奠食等(including museums, historical sites, events and cuisine), 游客會深人了解當地傳統(tǒng)和習俗(get an insigh

47、t intolocal customs and traditions),感受當地傳 統(tǒng)和藝術(experience local traditions,arts and heritage),從而更加尊重當地社區(qū)和周圍的環(huán)境 (respect the host community and its environment),促進不同國家之間關于自然和文化資源保護的交流與對話(thedialogue over conservation of natural and cultural resources )0 一旅游業(yè)導致文化破壞culturaldestruction )的觀點： 保護的一般是食物、時尚

48、、節(jié)日等(preserve food, fashion, festivals and so forth)些文化的表 面一，征(superficial elements of a culture), ;|各文化定格成表演者(freezeculture as performers), 導致了文化、宗教、傳統(tǒng)儀式、物質文化和語言的損失(the loss of culture, religion, rituals, material culture andlanguage);將文化商業(yè)化(commercialisethe culture),破壞了文化神圣和 獨特的本質(erode the sacred

49、 and uniquenature);雖然很多活動是娛樂活動(entertain,rather than educate tourists),但有些是對當地人的一種羞辱(humiliate the local people); 垃圾、涂鴉、破壞和噪音不斷增加(increasing litter, graffiti, vandalism and noise)，游客在沒有 被允許的情況下進人建筑物、神殿、神圣的土地(enter buildings, shrines or sacred lands without permission).這都與當地文化相沖突，是一種文化侮辱(an insult to

50、 thelocal culture )范文There is little room for doubt that tourismis one of the fastest-growing industries in the world. However, its impact onculture remains a source of constant debate. This essay will elaborate on bothpositive and negative effects of tourism from a cultural perspective.Providing ec

51、onomic incentives for culturalpreservation is unarguably one of the main contributions of tourism. To manytourists, culture and history are what they first consider when choosing adestination. Their mindset has been recognised by many tourism sites and moneyhas been subsequently directed toward cult

52、ural protection, including themaintenance of key historical sites. Tourism is therefore one of the primaryforces contributing to the preservation of a culture.In addition to raising financing, tourismcan make an indigenous culture known to the world and rally support worldwideto protect it. When a h

53、istoric site or a site that shows a countrys culturalheritage is made accessible to the public, visitors from all over the worldwill soon flock there. They will share their experience in the local culturewith their friends and families once they return home, assisting this site togain international

54、fame. Both financial and technological support will flood infor the conservation of natural and cultural resources.On the negative side, tourism developssometimes at the expense of part of culture. Food, festivals, costumes andother stimulating elements of a culture are highlighted to entertain tour

55、ists,constituting an insult to the locals and causing damage to the unique nature ofa culture. Moreover, cultural commercialization has made the sacred elements ofa culture commonplace and tourists are encouraged to attach little importanceto a unique tradition, which cannot be found elsewhere.In the light of these facts, one canconclude that tourism is neither a boon nor a bane to cultural preservation.While its endeavour lo protect an indigenous culture should be recognized, ithas put the integrity of a culture at risk.近義詞表1. un