詞塊理論及其運用課件

1、詞塊理論指導下的高一英語詞匯教學甌海區(qū)任巖松中學 金云安第1頁，共20頁。詞塊理論（lexical chunks）Becker(1975)第一次提出;Michael Lewis(1993)在The Lexical Approach 一書基本觀點： 基于詞塊的詞匯是語言構(gòu)成的中心因素，各種類型的詞塊組成詞庫，詞塊的不同的有機組合就形成了句子，進而組成連貫的篇章。根據(jù)該理論，語言習得的中心是基于詞塊的詞匯，而不是傳統(tǒng)意義上的語法。兩個特征：一是詞塊是形式與功能相對應的組合；二是具有語言生成能力及相對穩(wěn)定的語用功能和較強的語境制約。 理論學習夏谷鳴老師在講座中也非常強調(diào)：根據(jù)詞匯分層的原則，在語境和

2、運用中教學詞匯。第2頁，共20頁。四種類型： 1、單詞（Words）和多詞詞匯（Polywords）2、搭配（collocations）3、慣用話語（institutionalized utterances） 4、句子框架和引語（sentence frames and heads） 理論學習第3頁，共20頁。教學實踐（Teaching Practice） 1、充分重視高頻詞匯、英語短語，做到在師生互動中滲透、生成； 2、圍繞不同的話題，教師要善于使學生聯(lián)系有關話題，聯(lián)想有關詞匯，形成詞群； 3、精加工部分重點詞匯，特別是動詞和形容詞, 兼顧詞性活用； 4、充分運用課前5分鐘，進行topic r

3、eport, 從口頭和筆頭兩方面運用和鞏固詞塊； 5、突出詞塊在聽說課、寫作課中的應用; 6、重視“二寫二背”. 教學實踐第4頁，共20頁。Thank you!第5頁，共20頁。搭配（collocations）：指以較高頻率出現(xiàn)的單詞組合，如as usual、black tea、 heavy traffic、 busy line、 green hand、 face-to-face interview、 interview sb face to face、 persuade sb to do sth/ persuade sb into doing sth第6頁，共20頁。 慣用話語（instit

4、utionalized utterances）： 指形式固定或半固定、具有固定語功能的單詞組合，可以是完整的句子。如Pardon? I beg your pardon? Take care、 In my opinion、 I am afraid (not) . Im sorry, but I dont agree. Good luck on your journey. Give my best wishes to . Sorry, I cant follow you. I insisted that .I prefer to do rather than do,It was the first

5、 time that I had seen the night face to face. It is no pleasure looking through these any longer第7頁，共20頁。句子框架和引語（sentence frames and heads）：指有待填充的具有特定語用功能和較強生成國的框架結(jié)構(gòu)。如on one hand, on the other hand, There are some reasons for this as follows. Firstly, secondly, Thirdly, Finally. As far as I am conce

6、rned , whats more. Besides等，但僅用于書面語，作為篇章組織的手段。第8頁，共20頁。在教學Unit1 Friendship Period1時的教學片段：教師設置2個問題Do you think it is important to make friends? What good qualities do you think a good friend should have? 學生可以自由發(fā)言，教師可以板書如下：honest、unselfish easy-going、 kind-hearted、outgoing、 helpful、loyal、 responsible、

7、 thoughtful等。 Task設置：Would you please make a list of three qualities which you think are the most important to a good friend? And your reasons？ Ask the students work in groups and then report their discussion. 在各組學生匯報的過程中，教師通過備課時的預設、課堂傾聽、評價、補充，比較容易板書如下語句中詞匯，如oh, I see. You would like your good frien

8、d to often get in touch with you but not ignore you, especially when you are in trouble, he or she are concerned about you. 1、充分重視高頻詞匯、英語短語，做到在師生互動中滲透、生成;第9頁，共20頁。其次，在Reading教學部分要引導學生歸納、摘錄有用的詞塊，如unit3 Para1.P18, 教師問： How is this Para. organized? How do you know that? In time order, for example, ever

9、 since, two years ago, last year, after graduating from, now. 這樣一方面，可以幫助學生理解文章，另一方面，可以為學生寫作該類文章提供詞塊依據(jù)。 1、充分重視高頻詞匯、英語短語，做到在師生互動中滲透、生成;第10頁，共20頁。 2、圍繞不同的話題，教師要善于使學生聯(lián)系有關話題，聯(lián)想有關詞匯和句型，形成意義群； 給出學生一個Pair work任務：A: Hi, *, As we know, National Day is coming, may I ask you some questions about your holiday sc

10、hedule?B: Sure, go ahead please.A: Where are you going?A: When are you leaving?A: How are you going to?A: What are you taking with you?A: Where are you staying?A: How long are staying in?A: When are you coming back?B: Thank you. Wish you a nice trip!/Good luck on your journey!第11頁，共20頁。 重點詞匯的“四性”，即詞

11、語英語釋義（拼寫）、文法句型、固定搭配、詞匯辨義區(qū)別。以Learning about language 為載體，進行鞏固和拓展。 如在Unit1中，go through，settle 需要突出一詞多義這樣，如go through the difficulties，go through the forest，go through the task，settle(vt) the problem， Dashan settled(vi) down in China.p 這樣，掌握的詞匯就能有效地為語言知識運用服務了。 在Unit3中，persuade insist prefer, 要突出文法句型，教師

12、首先要每位學生掌握persuade sb (not) to do sth， insist that sb (should) do sth， prefer to do sth， prefer running to swimming。還要拓展persuade sb into doing sth， persuade sb out of sth，insist on doing，prefer to do A rather than do B這個句型。 另外，還要創(chuàng)設語境區(qū)別 persuade sb to do sth, try to persuade sb to do sth， advise sb to

13、 do sth suggest sb doing sth等含義及用法。3、精加工部分重點詞匯，特別是動詞和形容詞, 兼顧詞性活用；第12頁，共20頁。 As we know, we will have a long holiday as New Years Day is coming. I prefer to travel rather than stay at home. So I am planning my schedule for the trip. First I decided to go to Hawaii, it is a wonderful place to visit. H

14、awaii is well-known for its beautiful sunshine, clear water and sand. The sight there makes me feel free and excited. And I will enjoy the natural beauty of beach and other amazing places. Whats more, I can drink famous coconut milk as much as I want. Secondly, I am going there with my parents becau

15、se of plane that is quick and comfortable. So we will go there by air. In a word, I hope to have a fantastic trip. 張烈芬4 充分運用課前5分鐘，進行topic report, 從口頭和筆頭兩方面運用和鞏固詞塊； 第13頁，共20頁。New Years Day is coming. I want to do something different this year. In my opinion, travelling is a good idea. I made up my mi

16、nd to visit Tibet. As I know, there is some snow mountains, and they add to beauty of the place. Though its cold there, I still want to enjoy the beauty of nature there. Whats more, I heard of that there is a sacred lake, if you touch it, you will forget all the problems, disappointment and tirednes

17、s. It seems impossible, however, I want to have a try. I will plan a schedule for the trip as soon as possible. Would you mind going with me? 林倍倍4 充分運用課前5分鐘，進行topic report, 從口頭和筆頭兩方面運用和鞏固詞塊； 第14頁，共20頁。 5、突出詞塊在寫作中的應用；在unit1教學中，P46有很多關于 friends and friendship的proverbs.我進行了如下教學設計1、中文翻譯諺語2、本單元詞匯回放3、聚焦重點

18、詞匯 ignore, upset, be concerned about, in order to, get along with, grateful, settle, get tired of , no longer, outdoors4、選用上述部分詞匯，圍繞A friend in need is a friend indeed講述你的經(jīng)歷學生當堂作品：I was very poor in maths. I even got tired of it. I think my teacher ignore me because of my bad mark. I felt so upset.

19、I almost couldnt get along with my study. Luckily my close friend came and help me. In order to help me with my maths, he promised to come to my house after school every day. As a result, I did better in maths. I was so grateful. I think a friend in need is a friend indeed. 第15頁，共20頁。 5、突出詞塊在寫作中的應用；

20、 在Unit2 writing practice P53中，本節(jié)課的寫作任務是write about your problems in your English study. 教師任務設計如下：1、Of all the items vocabulary, grammar, listening, reading, writing, speaking, which do you think are your problems in learning English?2、share your problems with your partners and discuss how you can solve them.第16頁，共20頁。 5、突出詞塊在寫作中的應用；通過討論，學生生成下列詞塊：Problems: of all the items, I think grammar is the most difficult I have some problems/difficulty/trouble in learning vocabulary. I am poor in spoken English, and I dont dare open to speak I think writing is the hardestSolu