詞塊理論及其運(yùn)用課件

1、詞塊理論指導(dǎo)下的高一英語(yǔ)詞匯教學(xué)甌海區(qū)任巖松中學(xué) 金云安第1頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。詞塊理論（lexical chunks）Becker(1975)第一次提出;Michael Lewis(1993)在The Lexical Approach 一書基本觀點(diǎn)： 基于詞塊的詞匯是語(yǔ)言構(gòu)成的中心因素，各種類型的詞塊組成詞庫(kù)，詞塊的不同的有機(jī)組合就形成了句子，進(jìn)而組成連貫的篇章。根據(jù)該理論，語(yǔ)言習(xí)得的中心是基于詞塊的詞匯，而不是傳統(tǒng)意義上的語(yǔ)法。兩個(gè)特征：一是詞塊是形式與功能相對(duì)應(yīng)的組合；二是具有語(yǔ)言生成能力及相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的語(yǔ)用功能和較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)境制約。 理論學(xué)習(xí)夏谷鳴老師在講座中也非常強(qiáng)調(diào)：根據(jù)詞匯分層的原則，在語(yǔ)境和

2、運(yùn)用中教學(xué)詞匯。第2頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。四種類型： 1、單詞（Words）和多詞詞匯（Polywords）2、搭配（collocations）3、慣用話語(yǔ)（institutionalized utterances） 4、句子框架和引語(yǔ)（sentence frames and heads） 理論學(xué)習(xí)第3頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。教學(xué)實(shí)踐（Teaching Practice） 1、充分重視高頻詞匯、英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)，做到在師生互動(dòng)中滲透、生成； 2、圍繞不同的話題，教師要善于使學(xué)生聯(lián)系有關(guān)話題，聯(lián)想有關(guān)詞匯，形成詞群； 3、精加工部分重點(diǎn)詞匯，特別是動(dòng)詞和形容詞, 兼顧詞性活用； 4、充分運(yùn)用課前5分鐘，進(jìn)行topic r

3、eport, 從口頭和筆頭兩方面運(yùn)用和鞏固詞塊； 5、突出詞塊在聽(tīng)說(shuō)課、寫作課中的應(yīng)用; 6、重視“二寫二背”. 教學(xué)實(shí)踐第4頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。Thank you!第5頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。搭配（collocations）：指以較高頻率出現(xiàn)的單詞組合，如as usual、black tea、 heavy traffic、 busy line、 green hand、 face-to-face interview、 interview sb face to face、 persuade sb to do sth/ persuade sb into doing sth第6頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。 慣用話語(yǔ)（instit

4、utionalized utterances）： 指形式固定或半固定、具有固定語(yǔ)功能的單詞組合，可以是完整的句子。如Pardon? I beg your pardon? Take care、 In my opinion、 I am afraid (not) . Im sorry, but I dont agree. Good luck on your journey. Give my best wishes to . Sorry, I cant follow you. I insisted that .I prefer to do rather than do,It was the first

5、 time that I had seen the night face to face. It is no pleasure looking through these any longer第7頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。句子框架和引語(yǔ)（sentence frames and heads）：指有待填充的具有特定語(yǔ)用功能和較強(qiáng)生成國(guó)的框架結(jié)構(gòu)。如on one hand, on the other hand, There are some reasons for this as follows. Firstly, secondly, Thirdly, Finally. As far as I am conce

6、rned , whats more. Besides等，但僅用于書面語(yǔ)，作為篇章組織的手段。第8頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。在教學(xué)Unit1 Friendship Period1時(shí)的教學(xué)片段：教師設(shè)置2個(gè)問(wèn)題Do you think it is important to make friends? What good qualities do you think a good friend should have? 學(xué)生可以自由發(fā)言，教師可以板書如下：honest、unselfish easy-going、 kind-hearted、outgoing、 helpful、loyal、 responsible、

7、 thoughtful等。 Task設(shè)置：Would you please make a list of three qualities which you think are the most important to a good friend? And your reasons？ Ask the students work in groups and then report their discussion. 在各組學(xué)生匯報(bào)的過(guò)程中，教師通過(guò)備課時(shí)的預(yù)設(shè)、課堂傾聽(tīng)、評(píng)價(jià)、補(bǔ)充，比較容易板書如下語(yǔ)句中詞匯，如oh, I see. You would like your good frien

8、d to often get in touch with you but not ignore you, especially when you are in trouble, he or she are concerned about you. 1、充分重視高頻詞匯、英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)，做到在師生互動(dòng)中滲透、生成;第9頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。其次，在Reading教學(xué)部分要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生歸納、摘錄有用的詞塊，如unit3 Para1.P18, 教師問(wèn)： How is this Para. organized? How do you know that? In time order, for example, ever

9、 since, two years ago, last year, after graduating from, now. 這樣一方面，可以幫助學(xué)生理解文章，另一方面，可以為學(xué)生寫作該類文章提供詞塊依據(jù)。 1、充分重視高頻詞匯、英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)，做到在師生互動(dòng)中滲透、生成;第10頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。 2、圍繞不同的話題，教師要善于使學(xué)生聯(lián)系有關(guān)話題，聯(lián)想有關(guān)詞匯和句型，形成意義群； 給出學(xué)生一個(gè)Pair work任務(wù)：A: Hi, *, As we know, National Day is coming, may I ask you some questions about your holiday sc

10、hedule?B: Sure, go ahead please.A: Where are you going?A: When are you leaving?A: How are you going to?A: What are you taking with you?A: Where are you staying?A: How long are staying in?A: When are you coming back?B: Thank you. Wish you a nice trip!/Good luck on your journey!第11頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。 重點(diǎn)詞匯的“四性”，即詞

11、語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)釋義（拼寫）、文法句型、固定搭配、詞匯辨義區(qū)別。以Learning about language 為載體，進(jìn)行鞏固和拓展。 如在Unit1中，go through，settle 需要突出一詞多義這樣，如go through the difficulties，go through the forest，go through the task，settle(vt) the problem， Dashan settled(vi) down in China.p 這樣，掌握的詞匯就能有效地為語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用服務(wù)了。 在Unit3中，persuade insist prefer, 要突出文法句型，教師

12、首先要每位學(xué)生掌握persuade sb (not) to do sth， insist that sb (should) do sth， prefer to do sth， prefer running to swimming。還要拓展persuade sb into doing sth， persuade sb out of sth，insist on doing，prefer to do A rather than do B這個(gè)句型。 另外，還要?jiǎng)?chuàng)設(shè)語(yǔ)境區(qū)別 persuade sb to do sth, try to persuade sb to do sth， advise sb to

13、 do sth suggest sb doing sth等含義及用法。3、精加工部分重點(diǎn)詞匯，特別是動(dòng)詞和形容詞, 兼顧詞性活用；第12頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。 As we know, we will have a long holiday as New Years Day is coming. I prefer to travel rather than stay at home. So I am planning my schedule for the trip. First I decided to go to Hawaii, it is a wonderful place to visit. H

14、awaii is well-known for its beautiful sunshine, clear water and sand. The sight there makes me feel free and excited. And I will enjoy the natural beauty of beach and other amazing places. Whats more, I can drink famous coconut milk as much as I want. Secondly, I am going there with my parents becau

15、se of plane that is quick and comfortable. So we will go there by air. In a word, I hope to have a fantastic trip. 張烈芬4 充分運(yùn)用課前5分鐘，進(jìn)行topic report, 從口頭和筆頭兩方面運(yùn)用和鞏固詞塊； 第13頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。New Years Day is coming. I want to do something different this year. In my opinion, travelling is a good idea. I made up my mi

16、nd to visit Tibet. As I know, there is some snow mountains, and they add to beauty of the place. Though its cold there, I still want to enjoy the beauty of nature there. Whats more, I heard of that there is a sacred lake, if you touch it, you will forget all the problems, disappointment and tirednes

17、s. It seems impossible, however, I want to have a try. I will plan a schedule for the trip as soon as possible. Would you mind going with me? 林倍倍4 充分運(yùn)用課前5分鐘，進(jìn)行topic report, 從口頭和筆頭兩方面運(yùn)用和鞏固詞塊； 第14頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。 5、突出詞塊在寫作中的應(yīng)用；在unit1教學(xué)中，P46有很多關(guān)于 friends and friendship的proverbs.我進(jìn)行了如下教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)1、中文翻譯諺語(yǔ)2、本單元詞匯回放3、聚焦重點(diǎn)

18、詞匯 ignore, upset, be concerned about, in order to, get along with, grateful, settle, get tired of , no longer, outdoors4、選用上述部分詞匯，圍繞A friend in need is a friend indeed講述你的經(jīng)歷學(xué)生當(dāng)堂作品：I was very poor in maths. I even got tired of it. I think my teacher ignore me because of my bad mark. I felt so upset.

19、I almost couldnt get along with my study. Luckily my close friend came and help me. In order to help me with my maths, he promised to come to my house after school every day. As a result, I did better in maths. I was so grateful. I think a friend in need is a friend indeed. 第15頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。 5、突出詞塊在寫作中的應(yīng)用；

20、 在Unit2 writing practice P53中，本節(jié)課的寫作任務(wù)是write about your problems in your English study. 教師任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)如下：1、Of all the items vocabulary, grammar, listening, reading, writing, speaking, which do you think are your problems in learning English?2、share your problems with your partners and discuss how you can solve them.第16頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。 5、突出詞塊在寫作中的應(yīng)用；通過(guò)討論，學(xué)生生成下列詞塊：Problems: of all the items, I think grammar is the most difficult I have some problems/difficulty/trouble in learning vocabulary. I am poor in spoken English, and I dont dare open to speak I think writing is the hardestSolu