科學(xué)知識(shí)圖譜講座軟件操作課件

1、 科學(xué)知識(shí)圖譜方法與應(yīng)用 繪制圖譜的主要軟件操作 侯海燕 博士大連理工大學(xué)人文社會(huì)科學(xué)學(xué)院科技倫理與科技管理研究中心網(wǎng)絡(luò)-科學(xué)-信息-經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)量實(shí)驗(yàn)室WISE LAB 2009年9月12日講座提綱 科學(xué)知識(shí)圖譜的主要研究方法 科學(xué)知識(shí)圖譜的主要數(shù)據(jù)來源 科學(xué)知識(shí)圖譜的主要應(yīng)用軟件 繪制圖譜的軟件操作演示科學(xué)知識(shí)圖譜的主要研究方法 Methods共引分析 Co-citation analysis Journal co-citation analysis (JCA) 期刊共引分析Author co-citation analysis (ACA) 作者共引分析Document co-citation

2、analysis (DCA) 文獻(xiàn)共引分析共詞分析 Co-word analysis關(guān)鍵詞共詞分析Co-word analysis of keywords主題詞共詞分析Co-word analysis of title words多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法因子分析（主成分分析）factor analysis PCA多維尺度分析MDS-multidimensional scaling 聚類分析Cluster analysis詞頻分析方法 Frequency analysis of words社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析方法 Social network analysis 科學(xué)知識(shí)圖譜的主要數(shù)據(jù)來源 Data主要數(shù)據(jù)來源：

3、Web of Science科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)： 科學(xué)引文索引數(shù)據(jù)庫(SCI) 社會(huì)科學(xué)引文索引數(shù)據(jù)庫(SSCI)專利文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)：德溫特創(chuàng)新索引Derwent Innovations Index 國(guó)際會(huì)議文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)：Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science (CPCI-S) 分析的基本數(shù)據(jù)單元：作者 author標(biāo)題 title關(guān)鍵詞 keywords摘要 Abstract引文 cited references(被引作者、被引期刊、被引文獻(xiàn)）作者地址（機(jī)構(gòu)合作、國(guó)家合作）應(yīng)用的主要軟件Software共引分析、共詞分析軟件Bibexcel http:

4、/www.umu.se/inforsk/Bibexcel/ a free-ware on-line developed by Olle Persson bibliometrics citation analysis co-citation analysis bibliographic coupling cluster analysis SPSS 多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析及可視化軟件 Correlation analysis, PCA(factor analysis), MDS, cluster analysisWordsmith Tools 詞頻分析軟件 Frequency analysis of wor

5、ds應(yīng)用的主要軟件Software科學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)主要的分支學(xué)科及其代表人物圖3-1 科學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)學(xué)科結(jié)構(gòu)知識(shí)圖譜，1978-2004科學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)在親本學(xué)科科學(xué)學(xué)中的位置科學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)與相鄰學(xué)科關(guān)系圖3-4 科學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)與相鄰學(xué)科關(guān)系知識(shí)圖譜科學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)主流研究領(lǐng)域知識(shí)圖譜，1978-2004科學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域的演變圖4-8 1978-1986年科學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)主流研究領(lǐng)域知識(shí)圖譜科學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域的演變圖4-10 1987-1995年科學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)主流研究領(lǐng)域知識(shí)圖譜科學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域的演變圖4-12 1996-2004年科學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)前沿研究領(lǐng)域知識(shí)圖譜Pajek Social network analysis UCIN

6、ET Social network analysis 應(yīng)用的主要軟件Software社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析軟件、可視化軟件UCINET最流行的社會(huì)網(wǎng)分析軟件，其中包括一維與二維數(shù)據(jù)分析的NetDraw，同時(shí)集成了Pajek用于大型網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析的免費(fèi)應(yīng)用軟件程序。http:/不同的社會(huì)網(wǎng)軟件的文件都具有自己的格式，但是也可以自由轉(zhuǎn)換。譬如，利用UCINET軟件可以讀取文本文件、KrackPlot、Pajek、Negopy、VNA等格式的文件。PajekPajek (Program Analysis for Large Network),由盧布爾雅那大學(xué)的Vladimir Batagelj 和Andrej Mr

7、var于1997年1月15日正式發(fā)布0.1版，是一項(xiàng)基于Windows的免費(fèi)社會(huì)科學(xué)軟件，主要用于社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析，特點(diǎn)是可視化。該軟件可以提供非商業(yè)應(yīng)用的免費(fèi)下載，下載網(wǎng)址: http:/vlado.fmf.uni-lj.si/pub/networks/pajek/CreatPajek可以把excel格式的文件轉(zhuǎn)換為Pajek格式的軟件?？茖W(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)合作網(wǎng)絡(luò)知識(shí)圖譜，1978-2004科學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)合作網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的演變 圖5-4 科學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)合作網(wǎng)絡(luò)的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)圖譜，1978-1986科學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)合作網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的演變 圖5-5 科學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)合作網(wǎng)絡(luò)的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)圖譜，1987-1995科學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)合作網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的演變 圖

8、5-6 科學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)合作網(wǎng)絡(luò)的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)圖譜，1996-2004應(yīng)用的主要軟件Software多視角共引分析可視化軟件citespace a free-ware on-line developed by Chaomei Chen1、通過引文網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析，找出學(xué)科領(lǐng)域演化的關(guān)鍵路徑2、找出學(xué)科領(lǐng)域演化的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)文獻(xiàn)（知識(shí)拐點(diǎn)）3、分析學(xué)科前沿?zé)狳c(diǎn)4、探測(cè)學(xué)科知識(shí)基礎(chǔ) 文獻(xiàn)共引圖譜國(guó)際納米研究領(lǐng)域的主要期刊分布圖譜物理期刊化學(xué)期刊、納米期刊、及其他期刊共引圖譜物理期刊化學(xué)期刊、納米期刊、及其他期刊共引圖譜期刊共引圖譜作者共引圖譜作者合作網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖譜2納米粒子1納米薄膜、納米晶體、納米線、納米結(jié)構(gòu)、碳納米管4 納

9、米管吸附、納米硅6納米棒陣列、氧化鋅納米線3光譜分析、納米金、納米簇5 納米復(fù)合材料、納米輸運(yùn)、納米器件、納米技術(shù)、納米場(chǎng)效應(yīng)晶體管7碳納米管場(chǎng)發(fā)射機(jī)理8納米傳感器、蛋白質(zhì)納米技術(shù)圖9 國(guó)際納米研究熱點(diǎn)知識(shí)圖譜共詞圖譜2納米粒子1納米薄膜、納米晶體、納米線、納米結(jié)構(gòu)、碳納米管4 納米管吸附、納米硅6納米棒陣列、氧化鋅納米線3光譜分析、納米金、納米簇5 納米復(fù)合材料、納米輸運(yùn)、納米器件、納米技術(shù)、納米場(chǎng)效應(yīng)晶體管7碳納米管場(chǎng)發(fā)射機(jī)理圖9 國(guó)際納米研究熱點(diǎn)知識(shí)圖譜8納米傳感器、蛋白質(zhì)納米技術(shù)共詞圖譜CiteSpace 軟件介紹學(xué)科領(lǐng)域圖譜The CiteSpace Homepage/cchen/c

10、itespace CiteSpace 始開發(fā)于2004年9月13日，于2007年3月20日最近更新(CiteSpace2.0.11b) 由美國(guó)德雷克塞爾大學(xué)（費(fèi)城）信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院（The College of Information Science and Technology, Drexel University）Chaomei Chen教授研究開發(fā)。 Chaomei Chen教授研究的Information Visualization CiteSpace是近幾年來在全美信息分析中最具有特色和影響力的可視化信息軟件。從2000年至今，在這一研究領(lǐng)域中Chaomei Chen 教授發(fā)表了研

11、究論文65篇，出版了6部研究專著?，F(xiàn)擔(dān)任美國(guó)Information Visualization期刊的總編。CiteSpace是Java的應(yīng)用程序，可免費(fèi)獲得使用。 http:/cchen/citespace/download.html它要求JRE1.4.2或是更高的版本作為運(yùn)行環(huán)境。盡管CiteSpace能夠通過 PubMed 或者大量的網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)獲取額外的信息，但是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)CiteSpace而言并不是必須的。citespace輸入的數(shù)據(jù)文件應(yīng)該是ISI輸出的格式，即從web of science下載的格式。citespace帶有一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換器，可以將從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上保存的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。軟件運(yùn)行之前的基

12、本步驟：1.為citespace準(zhǔn)備數(shù)據(jù)。將數(shù)據(jù)文件放在一個(gè)文件夾。每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)文件名必須以“download”開頭，并以“.txt”結(jié)尾，例如“download-mass-extinction-2006.txt”2.開始用citespace創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的項(xiàng)目之前，你需要具體制定兩個(gè)路徑，一個(gè)是數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)路徑，一個(gè)是項(xiàng)目存儲(chǔ)路徑，在項(xiàng)目存儲(chǔ)路徑可以找到你保存的圖譜和輸出文件。3.根據(jù)相應(yīng)的時(shí)間分段調(diào)整time slicing 。4.按“GO”按鈕，你就會(huì)看到軟件處于運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，當(dāng)運(yùn)行過程結(jié)束的時(shí)候你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)彈出一個(gè)新的窗口。CiteSpace相關(guān)名詞術(shù)語Thresholds selection crite

13、ria used by CiteSpace items must have measures above threshold values to be included in modeling and visualization processes.Time slicing a divide-and-conquer strategy that divides a period of time into a series of smaller windows.Betweenness centrality a metric of a node in a network that measures

14、how likely an arbitrary shortest path in the network will go through the node.Burst terms single or multi-word phrases extracted from the title, abstract, or other fields of a bibliographic record and the frequency of the term bursts, i.e. sharply increases, over a period of time.Citation an instanc

15、e that a publication references to another publication.Co-authors authors who appear in the author field of the same bibliographic record.Co-citation an instance in which two items, such as authors, documents, or journals, that are cited by a publication.Time-zone view a restricted view in which the

16、 movement of nodes is limited to vertical time zones corresponding to the time of their publication.Turning points nodes of high betweenness centralities ( 1.00). Such nodes tend to be critical in network transitions from one time slice to another.Cluster view a network is visualized in a modified s

17、pring-embedder node placement algorithm.Pathfinder network scaling a network scaling algorithm that removes links that violate triangle inequality conditions so as to simplify a network by retaining salient links and paths only.CiteSpace的簡(jiǎn)要操作步驟1.Access/Obtain CiteSpace and how to run 獲取和運(yùn)行 The CiteS

18、pace Homepage http:/cchen/citespace 兩種方法運(yùn)行citespace a. Use Java WebStart directly 通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)直接啟動(dòng)b. 下載citespace.jar文件（網(wǎng)頁download）方法a：能保證始終用到最新版本，且運(yùn)行速度快2. Prepare Bibliographic Data Files 準(zhǔn)備文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)從web of science 檢索和保存數(shù)據(jù)方法：a. Make a general search in Web of Scienceb. Mark all search resultsc. Save the records,

19、 including Cited References, in field tagged format.d. Name your files as download*.txtE.g. downloadScience1999a.txt, download2004.txte. Save all data files in a folder on your computer.3. What information in bibliographic data is used by CiteSpace?CiteSpace 使用下載數(shù)據(jù)的那些信息？A: Authors 作者B: Title, Descri

20、ptors, Identifiers, Abstract 題目、主題詞、關(guān)鍵詞、摘要C: Cited References 引用的參考文獻(xiàn)D: Times Cited 引用次數(shù)E: Year of Publication 發(fā)表年份 BLAZER DG, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P979 EATON L, 2001, NY TIMES 1116, A1 FOTHERGILL A, 1999, DISASTERS, V23, P156 FULLERTON CS, 1999, AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD, V70, P902 GINEXI EM, 2000

21、, AM J COMMUN PSYCHOL, V28, P495 GOENJIAN AK, 2001, AM J PSYCHIAT, V158, P788 GREEN BL, 1990, J APPL SOC PSYCHOL, V20, P1033 HANSON RF, 1995, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V63, P987 HARVEY AG, 1999, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V67, P985 KAWACHI I, 2001, J URBAN HEALTH, V78, P458 KESSLER RC, 1995, ARCH GEN PSYCHIA

22、T, V52, P1048 KILPATRICK DG, 1987, CRIME DELINQUENCY, V33, P479 MADAKASIRA S, 1987, J NERV MENT DIS, V175, P286 MAZURE CM, 2000, AM J PSYCHIAT, V157, P896 NORTH CS, 1999, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V282, P755 ORTEGA AN, 2000, AM J PSYCHIAT, V157, P615 POLE N, 2001, J NERV MENT DIS, V189, P442 RESNICK H, 1

23、999, J ANXIETY DISORD, V13, P359 RESNICK HS, 1993, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V61, P984 ROTHBAUM BO, 1992, J TRAUMA STRESS, V5, P455 RUBONIS AV, 1991, PSYCHOL BULL, V109, P384 RUEF AM, 2000, CULTURAL DIVERSITY E, V6, P235 SHAH B, 1997, SUDAAN USERS MANUAL SHALEV AY, 1998, AM J PSYCHIAT, V155, P630 SHALEV

24、 AY, 2000, J CLIN PSYCHIAT S5, V61, P33 SHERBOURNE CD, 1991, SOC SCI MED, V32, P705 SHORE JH, 1989, J NERV MENT DIS, V177, P681 TUCKER P, 2000, J BEHAV HEALTH SER R, V27, P406NR 32TC 179PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJMPI WALTHAMPA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USASN 00

25、28-4793J9 N ENGL J MEDJI N. Engl. J. Med.PD MAR 28PY 2002VL 346IS 13BP 982EP 987PG 6SC Medicine, General & InternalGA 534UYUT ISI:000174608600006ER11, 2001, was unprecedented in the United States. We assessed the prevalence and correlates of acute post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression

26、 among residents of Manhattan five to eight weeks after the attacks. Methods: We used random-digit dialing to contact a representative sample of adults living south of 110th Street in Manhattan. Participants were asked about demographic characteristics, exposure to the events of September 11, and ps

27、ychological symptoms after the attacks. Results: Among 1008 adults interviewed, 7.5 percent reported symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of current PTSD related to the attacks, and 9.7 percent reported symptoms consistent with current depression (with current defined as occurring within the previou

28、s 30 days). Among respondents who lived south of Canal Street (i.e., near the World Trade Center), the prevalence of PTSD was 20.0 percent. C1 New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. Med Univ S Ca

29、rolina, Natl Crime Victims Res & Treatment Ctr, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Schulman Ronca & Bucuvalas, New York, NY USA. Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA.RP Galea, S, New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban EpidemiolStudies, Rm 556,1216 5th Ave, New York, NY 10029 USA.CR 2001, NY TIMES 1226, B2 *AM PSY

30、CH ASS, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT *DEP HLTH HUMAN SE, 1999, MENT HLTH REP SURG G *US BUR CENS, 2000, STF3A DEP COMM BUR CAU Galea, S Ahern, J Resnick, H Kilpatrick, D Bucuvalas, M Gold, J Vlahov, DTI Psychological sequelae of the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City.SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL

31、 OF MEDICINELA EnglishDT ArticleID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; NATIONAL COMORBIDITY SURVEY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; NATURAL DISASTER; SOCIAL SUPPORT; OKLAHOMA- CITY; PREVALENCE; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; SURVIVORS; SYMPTOMSAB Background: The scope of the terrorist attacks of SeptemberABCDE11, 2001, was unpreced

32、ented in the United States. We assessed the prevalence and correlates of acute post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among residents of Manhattan five to eight weeks after the attacks. Methods: We used random-digit dialing to contact a representative sample of adults living south of 1

33、10th Street in Manhattan. Participants were asked about demographic characteristics, exposure to the events of September 11, and psychological symptoms after the attacks. Results: Among 1008 adults interviewed, 7.5 percent reported symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of current PTSD related to the

34、attacks, and 9.7 percent reported symptoms consistent with current depression (with current defined as occurring within the previous 30 days). Among respondents who lived south of Canal Street (i.e., near the World Trade Center), the prevalence of PTSD was 20.0 percent. AU Galea, S Ahern, J Resnick,

35、 H Kilpatrick, D Bucuvalas, M Gold, J Vlahov, DTI Psychological sequelae of the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City.SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINELA EnglishDT ArticleID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; NATIONAL COMORBIDITY SURVEY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; NATURAL DISASTER; SOCIAL SUPPORT; OKL

36、AHOMA- CITY; PREVALENCE; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; SURVIVORS; SYMPTOMSAB Background: The scope of the terrorist attacks of Septemberco-authorshipco-occurring burst termsABBBCR 2001, NY TIMES 1226, B2 *AM PSYCH ASS, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT *DEP HLTH HUMAN SE, 1999, MENT HLTH REP SURG G *US BUR CENS, 2000, S

37、TF3A DEP COMM BUR C BLAZER DG, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P979 EATON L, 2001, NY TIMES 1116, A1 FOTHERGILL A, 1999, DISASTERS, V23, P156 FULLERTON CS, 1999, AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD, V70, P902 GINEXI EM, 2000, AM J COMMUN PSYCHOL, V28, P495 GOENJIAN AK, 2001, AM J PSYCHIAT, V158, P788 GREEN BL, 1990, J

38、APPL SOC PSYCHOL, V20, P1033 HANSON RF, 1995, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V63, P987 HARVEY AG, 1999, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V67, P985 KAWACHI I, 2001, J URBAN HEALTH, V78, P458 KESSLER RC, 1995, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V52, P1048 KILPATRICK DG, 1987, CRIME DELINQUENCY, V33, P479 MADAKASIRA S, 1987, J NERV MENT DIS, V175, P286 MAZURE CM, 2000, AM J PSYCHIAT, V157, P896 NORTH CS, 1999, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V282, P755 ORTEGA AN, 2000, AM J PSYCHIAT, V157, P615 POLE N, 2001, J NERV MENT DIS, V189, P442 RESNICK H, 1999, J ANXIETY DISORD, V13, P359 RESNICK HS, 1993, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V61, P984 ROTHBAUM BO,